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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

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X. Seykens, C. Bekdemir, P. van Gompel How can hydrogen combustion engines contribute to realizing climate targets? S. 105-122

„… fuelEfficiency (best point) 43% [10],[11] 42% [12] 51.5% [11],[13]Engine-out NOx emissionsLow NOx potential …” „… specific CO2 emission that is well below the ZEV threshold of 5 g/ton.km. For the lowest payload of 2.6t on …” „… . 2417, 2023 115operating map, will even for the low load urban cycle result in specific CO2 emissions …”

F. Domprobst, J.-F. Beaupère Learnings of the 2nd year of CO2 reporting by OEMs S. 153-164

„… truck OEMs to come in 2025. It aims at monitoring, then reducing the CO2 emissions of trucks through …” „… emissions reduction for global warming im-pact. As the tire is a lever easy to activate to reduce the CO2 …” „… score, the truck OEMs are requesting tire manufacturers to provide lower RRC tire, but the first tires …”

R. Pütz European policy for future road vehicles – technological neutrality or ideological astray? S. 1-12

„… ). Fig. 2: Particle emissions @tailpipe of a Euro VI bus with DPF: cleaning the ambiant air [Source: Löw …” „… with "clean" and "emission-free" drives, see Figure 1 [3]. The EU policy focus in this directive only …” „… electric vehicles - regardless of the electricity mix - are mistakenly declared as "emission-free". Even in …”

P. Akerman, A. Rupprecht Dynamic charging for trucks S. 35-46

„… ] as low-hanging fruit for improved transport outcomes such as lower cost, CO2-emissions, and road …” „… ? Report https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-transport [6] EU Commission (2023). European Green …” „… the transport sector, which is the only large sector with rising greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. For …”

F. Schweizer, T. Pflanz, M. Wagenblast, W. Tegethoff, J. Köhler, F. Breuer, L. Frerichs Fuel cell electric drive concept for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-140

„… emissions, the long haul transportation sector in Europe plays an important role. In the European Union (EU …” „… ), light duty and heavy duty trucks together with buses caused 11 % and 28 % of greenhouse gas emissions in …” „… regulation, with a new target of 45 % CO2 emission reduction by 2030 and a 90 % reduction by 2040 [5 …”

C. J. J. Bellingwout, J. Schleicher Reducing vehicle emissions for vehicles that are already on the road or on the drawing board S. 141-152

„… used to assist in finding emission hotspots in assemblies, and to provide a basis for low emission …” „… Reducing vehicle emissions for vehicles that are already on the road or on the drawing board Using …” „… Emissionen innerhalb von 1000 km und in finanzieller Hinsicht innerhalb von 500 000 km ausgleichen. In einem …”

C. Liehr The future is Megawatt Charging – A high power revolution on charging infrastructure for commercial vehicles S. 25-34

„… machines. They are critical to achieving EU emissions-reduction targets for large vehicles, but their …” „… ist. Die Technologie wird eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen in ganz …” „… reducing carbon emissions across Europe. Heliox plays an active role in several research projects in …”

C. Peteranderl, M. Zähringer, G. Balke, J. Schneider Megawatt charging as an enabler for battery-electric long-haul trucks – is that enough? S. 55-66

„… gesamten CO2 Emissionen des Transportsektors [1]. Die Dekarbonisie-rung des Nutzfahrzeugsektors ist das …” „… transport logistics cause a considerable proportion of the total CO2 emissions of the transport sector [1 …” „… greenhouse gas emissions in order to comply with the Paris Agreement. With a share of 38 %, road-based …”

M. Wöhrmann The air must get out of the truck, bus and trailer – Why hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are the future for electrified vehicles S. 165-176

„… design of the spring system. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023166As a result, low natural frequencies can be …” „… its CO2 emissions. For this reason, more and VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023 169more vehicles are being …” „… air-driven systems lie in the area of availability, low prices for the corresponding tools and low …”

K. Beck, H. Flämig, R. Höger, R. Schindhelm Non-driving related activities in heavy goods vehicles with SAE Level 3 and 4 – An attempt to systematise S. 205-216

„… congestion and emissions [1 - 5]. In addition, highly automated vehicles could increase the efficiency of …” „… - very low, 2 - rather low, 3 - medium, 4 - rather high, 5 - very high) [26]. High scale values (value 4 …” „… or 5) have an unfavourable influence on the suitability assessment, low scale values (value 1 or 2 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

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B. Seba, D. Vidinha Santos, U. Weiss Alternative fuels for vehicles in Off-road sector S. 65-78

„… possibility to operate the engine in an ultra-lean combustion region, which leads to ultra-low NOx emission …” „… features can help reduce soot emissions from internal combustion engines. The lower exhaust temperature …” „… emission. The viscosity of HVO is slightly lower than Diesel, which will have an effect on injection spray …”

L. Virnich, T. Durand, S. Schaub, S. Ghetti, D. Van der Put Optimization of powertrain layout to maximize benefits of an H2 internal combustion engine S. 79-94

„… the DI technology relate to lower NOx emissions at con-stant boost pressure at the same efficiency as …” „… engine efficiency while keeping the NOx raw emis-sions low. The interaction between fuel injection and …” „… operation allow high engine efficiency and low NOx raw emissions at the same time. For even higher power …”

T. Bögel, T. Herlitzius Wann kommen elektrifizierte und sensorgesteuerte Antriebssystemmodule in der Landtechnik? S. 211-222

„… vehicles and machines should be emission-free and climate-neutral. The reduction of pollutant emissions …” „… requirements of the machines. So far, there is no emission-free and climate-friendly alternative to fossil …” „… of mobile work machines that enable local emission-free and CO2-neutral operation of the machines …”

H. Jahn Regulations and measures for limiting emissions from non-road mobile machinery in Europe S. 13-28

„… Working Group for Immission Control (LAI) recom-mends the use of low-emission construction machinery …” „… low-emission zones. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 202224There are already some initiatives from Switzerland, Austria …” „… , Transport and Climate Protection 2019) and the eco-label for "low noise and low emission” There is a great …”

M. Schwaderlapp, A. Plumpe Sustainable Powertrains for Mobile Machinery – DEUTZ’ strategy towards a zero-emission future S. 29-46

„… non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) to worldwide CO2 emissions is low compared those created by on-road …” „… 2021 DEUTZ expanded its portfolio of low-emission and zero-emission powertrains with its first hydrogen …” „… by a lithium-ion battery. With an output of 40 kilowatts, the emission-free and quiet construction …”

A. Kampker, H. H. Heimes, M. Kehrer, S. Dünnwald, S. Hagedorn, S. Biegler Integration and modularization approaches for fuel cell solutions in commercial vehicles S. 171-184

„… the roads, its share in both mileage and annual emissions is lower than the other truck classes. This …” „… emission-free mobility already exist, especially in the private road transport sector. Another potential is …” „… Europäische Union hat sich ambitionierte Ziele zur Reduzierung der menschengemachten Emission gesetzt. Ein …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Göres, S. Terörde, L. Frerichs Decarbonization Strategies for Heavy Duty Harvesting Machinery S. 47-64

„… . Analysing the greenhouse gas (short GHG) relevant emissions coming from agricultural sources (24.1 % from …” „… total anthropogenic GHG emissions in Germany), ~9 % of those are to be allocated to the combustion of …” „… fossil fuels [1; 2]. Though not being the major emission source it still holds a significant share and …”

W. Breu, L. Reuter HELIOS – A hydrogen-electric operated tractor system S. 95-104

„… , which will be evolved as part of a local green hydrogen economy within the Lower Saxony joint research …” „… the German government to limit greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture from currently 69.8 million …” „… reduction of CO₂ emissions of agricultural transport can contribute to the fulfillment of the objectives [1 …”

R. Morrison, J. Legner Future Electrified Drivetrain for Off-Highway in the 60-80kW Power Range S. 163-170

„… under continuous pressure to reduce local emissions and noise pollution, especially in urban …” „… forest machinery. In support of zero combustion engine exhaust and reduced noise emissions trends, ZF is …” „… using single speed transmissions and low to high voltage electric motors. But when considering the …”

R. Himmelsbach, J. Ziegler, E. Nachbaur eCVT for Tractors – Experience report about potentials and challenges S. 223-232

„… . New requirements on reducing CO2 emissions and the search for alternative fuel concepts for tractors …” „… battery electric or hydrogen powered vehicles. Nevertheless, the CO2 emissions in a well-to-wheel view can …” „… result, it was shown that the ZF TERRAMATIC transmission system with outstanding low power demand for the …”

S. Mutschler eLION: A New Platform Approach for the Electrification of Mobile Machines S. 151-162

„… cells allow zero local emission operation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 151The safety of an electrified …” „… very low increase of losses towards maximum speed. Fig. 4: The efficiency of the eGFZ9275 is …” „… emission. Besides the opti-mization of the tooth geometry and contact, also the housing is numerically …”

L. Serrao Driving the electric transformation – The evolution of off-highway powertrain S. 135-150

„… much more valuable than it is when it comes from low-cost, power-dense, and easy-to-refill fuel …” „… “energy storage” because similar considerations apply to any powertrain based on low-carbon energy source …” „… do not have alternating parts), but it is also a need due to their lower torque density compared to …”

E. Schobesberger The Off-Highway Machine of the future – concepts of alternative drive technologies S. 1-12

„… increase energy efficiency and to accelerate the introduction of low-emission drive systems, including the …” „… this ambitious path will be to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030, based on 1990 levels. Our current …” „… the same time. Measures for emissions trading are derived from this package, as well as measures to …”

M. Pußack, L. Frerichs Electrification of linear positioning and working functions in mobile machines S. 199-210

„… reduction in exhaust and noise emissions, which is particularly relevant for inner-city areas. The …” „… actuator. Since the other mechanical components in the system have low elasticities, a smooth and fast …” „… significantly be-low the maximum efficiency of the prototype motor. Since the side brush adjustment has to work …”

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… zero-emission solutions becomes more critical, technology providers like Danfoss are required to lead the way …” „… megatrend focused on reducing carbon emissions, it adds value in many other ways to the owners, operators …” „… continually grow in population density, these zero-emission solutions become important to reduce noise and …”

S. Rinderknecht, S. Foulard, R. Fietzek Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based virtual sensors S. 241-0

„… , the CO2-emissions and the maintenance of the monitored components. In that sense, a paradigm shift is …” „… analyzes the overall usage profiles of whole fleet to improve costs, weight, CO2-emissions and maintenance …” „… train a virtual sensor for a transmission of a specific type of mobile machine requiring low memory and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek - Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas

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Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek

Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 803 2017

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Introduction S. 1-7

„… and are beneficial for the fuel consumption and usually result in lower NOx emissions. However, too …” „… , the resulting lower oxygen concentration results in enlarged particulate emissions and a NOx …” „… high and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. This chapter will give an introduction and will …”

Engine Configuration and Modelling S. 8-11

„… improvement of the thermal engine efficiency and lower emissions. In the intake manifold the inflowing gas is …” „… modelling approaches to simulate the engine air path and the emissions are chosen. 2.1 Engine Configuration …” „… combustion process by manipulating its pressure, temperature, air content and swirl. After an emission …”

Optimisation of the Reference Values for the Air Path Control S. 86-101

„… potential to lower to emissions for the ambient temperatures as defined in the legislation. Therefore, the …” „… mass flow rate control results in dynamical high NOx but low soot emissions. The results for the HP …” „… calibration process. Further, the HP-EGR-rate control yields lower dynamical NOx emissions during transient …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… significantly lower the particulate and NOx emissions of Diesel engines. A semi-physical mean value engine model …” „… further shows the potential of the LP-EGR to lower the emissions. Due to the multi-variable …” „… Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Berichte aus dem Institut für Automatisierungstechnik und Mechatronik …”

Bibliography S. 190-204

„… ). Bluetec – the concept for Diesel engines with lowest emissions. MTZ worldwide edition, 69(5):4–10. Schopp …” „… . SAE. Alfieri, E. (2009). Emissions-Controlled Diesel Engine. Dissertation, Eidgenössische Technische …” „… . (2008). Emission-based engine management for heavy-duty applications. MTZ worldwide edition …”

Conclusions S. 168-171

„… parameterisation. Well fitting engine and emission models are the essential basis to optimise reference values for …” „… control concepts is quantitatively rated by a comparison of the stationary calibrated emission level with …” „… the emission output of an engine operation during a dynamical driving cycle. System Properties As a …”

Emission and Combustion Models S. 61-85

„… modelling of y mss enhances the model quality especially for low particulate emissions and it is used for …” „… emissions, on the other hand the NOx emissions are decreased. The strong increase of Ocmss for low air mass …” „… emissions show amaximum around a 'Q50 of 195 ıCA and they tend to be lower with late 'Q50. However, a …”

Air Path Control Design and Dynamical Reference Value Generation S. 102-167

„… gas to maintain low NOx emissions than to quickly decrease the charge-air pressure. Thus, in the …” „… in Sect. 4.4. In order to always provide an optimal cylinder charge for a low-emission combustion …” „… control concepts by their dynamical emissions during the driving cycle. As a final result the increase of …”

System Properties of the Air Path with HP- and LP-EGR S. 34-60

„… handle these gas propagation effects for air path control and dynamical emission simulation is derived …” „… pressure p3 rapidly drops. This rapid pressure drop in p3 drastically lowers the pressure ratio over the …” „… , these overshoots have consequences for the emission formation, see Mrosek (2017). Hence, a VGT control …”

Appendix S. 172-189

„… conditioning and the emission measurement devices are controlled via the appropriate manufacturers’ software on …” „… turbocharger and fulfils the emission standard Euro 4. Tab. A.1 summarises the technical engine data. In order …” „… engine was extended with a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation by the author. Consequently, a Diesel …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186803122

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UmweltMagazin

Browse Volumes: UmweltMagazin

UmweltMagazin Volume 49 (2019) Issue 07-08 ISSN Online: 0173-363X

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Christopher Rosebrock Gaskraftwerke: lasche NOx-Grenzwerte S. 42-44

„… Ultra-Low-NOx-Erdgasbrenner (6 MW). Die NOx-Emissionen liegen seitdem unter 30 mg/m 3. Die eingesparten NOx-Emissionen …” „… : erhöhter Bedarf versus verminderte Emissionen. Dieser vermeintliche Gegensatz offenbart schnell Fragen …” „… quo von 30 GW gilt es, diese Diskrepanz durch fortschrittliche Technologie zu minimieren. Emissionen …”

doi.org/10.37544/0173-363X-2019-07-08

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2339 2019

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P. Heuser The future of large and commercial engines – The next milestones in engine development for cpt. S. 5-22

„… . peter Heuser, FEV Group GmbH, Aachen Prove best fuel economy Meet worldwide emission legislation Show …” „… lowest costs and TCO Ensure maximum Transport-/Work-Performance Commercial engines have to cover a huge …” „… range of specific market and customer requirements at the lowest possible costs VDI-Berichte Nr. 2339 …”

M. R. Jolly, K. Salonitis, E. Pagone, M. Papanikolaou Substitution of cast iron engine components with aluminium alloys: A life cycle perspective S. 153-168

„… global challenges. It is common that the amount of CO2 emissions is being used as a measure of the …” „… manufacturer designers have started to favour low density materials. However, it is usually the case that the …” „… consumption and CO2 emissions during the manufacturing and usage stages of diesel and petrol engine blocks …”

M. Souren, T. Uhlmann, J. Slotman Grey cast iron as cylinder-block material for range extender engines – A serious alternative? S. 99-118

„… such an internal combustion engine, it is clear that it has to fulfil the same emission legislation as …” „… vibration properties with low resulting mass forces making a balancer shaft arrangement abundant. 2.2 …” „… consumption might have a lower priority to the consumer. Vehicle weight is always a topic and also here the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023396

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