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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… Material Data for Advanced Plastic Gear Simulation Julien Cathelin, Application Technology …” „… plastic materials for their gear applications. However, the task is not easy. There is no international …” „… Japan and VDI 2736 for Germany, are known. Moreover, designers are facing a lack of material data …”

J.-A. Meis Flank fracture assessment under consideration of material quality S. 395-398

„… be regarded as an exact result and in the simulation the material quality was assumed to be the same …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… Optimization of NVH-Behavior of Gears by Alternative Gear Materials Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Brecher …” „… Aachen Abstract The process chain of alternative gear materials offers advantages in material and …” „… gears [1]. Due to a lower density, alternative gear materials also lead to a decrease in weight …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach Dr …” „… gear designs. Subsurface crack initiation due to material defects (inclusions, grain size, etc.) has …” „… Fundamental works by Murakami allowed the correlation of defect size using the√ܽ݁ݎܽ- Parameter and materials …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial …” „… is to conduct Finite Element (FE) simulations with an elasto-plastic material model adapted for …” „… material model can improve the simulation results. The experimental results are coming from a surface …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… Crack Propagation Analysis of Pitting Damages of High-Strength Material Systems in Gear …” „… , there is great potential in new materials and specifically optimized heat treatments. In this paper …” „… , contact fatigue strength of three test variants of different material or heat treatment is investigated …”

H. B. Endeshaw, S. Ekwaro-Osire, F. M. Alemayehu, J. P. Dias Estimation of remaining useful life of gears with uncertainties in loading and material parameters S. 1063-1072

„… Estimation of Remaining Useful Life of Gears with Uncertainties in Loading and Material …” „… . Moreover, the fluctuation of the torque as well as the inherent uncertainties of the material properties …” „… loading. Uncertainties in Paris’ and material constants were also quantified. A framework was developed …”

B. Schlecht, K. Neikes, E. Leidich, S. Hauschild Is the mean stress effect for shafts dependent on the geometry, material or load? S. 1145-1152

„… Is the mean stress effect for shafts dependent on the geometry, material or load? Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… approaches. Therefore, fatigue tests with different materials, notch geometries and loads were carried out …” „… the question whether the mean stress effect is dependent on geometry, material or load. 1 …”

M. Ebner, T. Lohner, K. Michaelis, B.-R. Höhn, K. Stahl Self-lubricating gears with oil-impregnated sintered materials S. 17-28

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… to use innovative energy-saving and material-saving technologies to develop resourceefficient …” „… Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their …” „… properties in detail. The theoretical principles of material anisotropy following cold forming processes are …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… material pairings Dipl.-Ing. Markus Baar, Dr.-Ing. Peter Oster, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie, Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… sized crown gear set. By vary the input torque, the size, the material pairing and the lubrication …” „… , the material pairing POM/steel shows better wear behavior than the material pairing steel/steel. This …”

B. Sievers, M. Berger, J. Hermes Technical guideline for the quality determination of bronze S. 479-490

„… the safety factor for wear, the material-lubricant factor WML is used to determine the wear intensity …” „… JW. Nass [7] investigated the wear behavior of the bronze materials, and the material-lubricant …” „… factors based on the results of his experiments were included in [3]. The material-lubricant factor as a …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… shown and gear material problem is introduced. It is difficult to check the real quality of gear …” „… gears, I feel that the probability of material problem causing gear failure looks increasing since the …” „… department of gear material is “Why we pay much money for the same steel. There is much cheaper steel of the …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… materials in terms of strength and allowable temperature range, plastic gears are finding their way also …” „… . Unfortunately for gear designers, “gear data” (SN curves) are rarely measured for new materials. If decision …” „… production are required [1,2]. With a rapid development of plastic materials in terms of strength and …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… densities require a gear design that enters the border area of material capacity. To embrace the potential …” „… offered by modern construction materials, calculation methods for component strength must rely on a …” „… deeper understanding of fracture and material mechanics in contrast to empirical-analytical approaches …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… Engineering, Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund, Sweden Abstract This paper aims …” „… material properties. Recently reports on using Powder Metallurgy (PM) technology to manufacture gear wheels …” „… optimal machining setting, proper tool materials and coatings. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1253 2.2 …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… damping effects as well as acoustic impedances of the materials are main influencing topics. Regarding …” „… different materials in a gear train it can be said that there are many investigations regarding the …” „… material combination of steel-steel. However, plastic sometimes behaves really different when it comes to …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… can largely be attributed to the progress in tribology, which introduced dissimilar materials for the …” „… selected. Material pairs for worm drives can be metallic, metallic-plastic, and plastic depending on the …” „… operating requirements and conditions. In metallic pairs, the selection of materials for the worm and …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… planetary carriers with shaft diameters ranging from 120 mm to 460 mm. The material was characterized by …” „… % compared with castings of the same size of nominally the same material grade. A scaling behavior was …” „… the largest carrier. The challenge is to develop a material, which is cast and heat-treated with …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… several decades. The fatigue and wear mechanisms which appear either on or inside the tooth flank material …” „… tooth material and the oil’s additives within the atmosphere. Several experimental examinations have …” „… positive or a negative way. Due to a reaction between some additives and the tooth material, a thin …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… margins, and longer component life drives many of these efforts. Programs such as the Materials Genome …” „… steels has historically resulted in challenges to the manufacturability of the material. Additionally …” „… performance increases include: surface durability, material toughness, temper resistance, and corrosion …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… . General comments DSM is a global material and life science company with a history dating back to the …” „… , paints, electrical & electronics, life protection, alternative energy, and bio-based materials. DSM …” „… material behavior is required, both to be able to support customers when using our materials and to be …”

T. Frech, C. Löpenhaus, F. Klocke Influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling on the density profile of powder metallurgical (PM) gears S. 1265-1276

„… , PM gears require less raw material per part. Thus, less energy is used per produced part. PM gears …” „… the density pro- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1265 file and, therefore, the material properties of the …” „… influence the normal material flow and, hence, the densification of PM gears [3]. Therefore, the contact …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… investigation of polymer gears made of five polymer materials (polycarbonate, acetal, highdensity polyethylene …” „… running paired gears of different materials. It is interesting to note that the gears’ performance varies …” „… significantly depending on the driving and driven gear materials. Keywords: polymer composite gears, tooth …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… gears, regardless of size, material or any other parameters. However, it is of particular importance in …” „… flow into the gear material. Thermal properties of the employed gear material(s) are of the utmost …” „… contact ratio [3]. The most important features of the S-gears, particularly those for plastic materials …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… the mesh quality and add the material data. The mesh quality could be adjusted through parameters …” „… geometry and the boundaries, the material properties were needed too (Figure 9, right). They were figured …” „… out in material tests, mentioned below. Worm: steel Wormwheel rim: bronze CuSn12Ni …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… Material D. Talbot, Simulation of gear wear using a dynamic load 5 A. Kahraman distribution model M. Ebner …” „… , Self-lubricating gears with oil-impregnated sintered 17 T. Lohner, materials K. Michaelis, B.-R. Höhn, K. Stahl …” „… pitting damages of 281 C. Löpenhaus, high-strength material systems in gear applications F. Goergen, D …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… available for such a material, a testing campaign has been performed in order to obtain strength data for …” „… avoided. Unfortunately, a limited experience and availability of strength data for such a material …” „… performances of a new material in terms of tooth root bending and contact fatigue resistance, gear tests must …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… ]. Apart from these small areas, the material’s capabilities stay unused. Multi-component (differential …” „… ) design (figure 1) allows to reduce the gearwheel’s weight while enhancing material use. A gear ring made …” „… 0.05 mm 30° x 0.15 mm none -10 µm Parameter Counter punchforce V-ring force Material Material thickness …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… plastic deformation and wear. Coating materials are selected from face centred cubic lattice and body …” „… centered cubic materials. Those materials typically have good plastic deformation ability. The approach is …” „… the copper material. Fig. 2-2: Covering of edges from the used graded layer coating system 3 …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… (FZG), Garching b. München; Abstract Thermoplastic materials generally show low specific weight …” „… for an increase in resource efficiency. However, moderate thermo-mechanical material properties and …” „… of steel-thermoplastic material pairings (hybrids) is analyzed by tribosimulation and at the FZG …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, R. Greschert Influence of the grinding process on the formation of boundary layers on gears S. 1427-1438

„… . Due to the energy input, the material layer is changed in its structure and in its chemical and …” „… mathematically based on the calculation of the specific material removal rate Q’w that can be calculated as the …” „… other variants convey grinding burn damages after nital etching. The damaged material shows …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… efficient solution for high strength and high precision powertrain applications. Material and processes …” „… the powder metallurgical material compacts. The hydrostatic stress component is caused primarily by …” „… stock of material. By adapting the stock for densification a uniform densified layer in profile …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… using modern gearing technologies that allow combining individual materials, heat treatment and …” „… plastics material, from hobbed to sintered gears and more. One focus of the conference is the NVH-behavior …” „… or good damping at minimal costs. High-performance plastic materials offer the opportunity of …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… value). We considered here two polymer materials, i.e. POM and PA66, where in correlation to the tests …” „… done by [9], we used the data available for the two commercial materials presented in Table 2. A …” „… element mesh Table 2: Considered materials with main physical parameters considered in the analysis …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… operations incurred differences in the value stream, the total costs from raw material to finished gear …” „… indirect material, labor costs, and overhead costs such as manufacturing overhead, sales and administrative …” „… finished product is the standard costs of the following input VanDerbeck [5]; direct material, direct …”

J. Langhart, I. Zotos, G. Franzoso Casing stiffness variations and influence on the gear meshing properties S. 1161-1168

„… . the casing material is varied between several materials as iron casting and aluminum alloys. Possible …” „… : stiffness matrices used for the comparisons VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171162 2. Casing material The …” „… casing material change from cast iron to aluminum is investigated. Due to the properties of the of the …”

K. Tsujii, R. Ishikura, K. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, T. Morita Effect of alloying elements on edge part over-carburizing in vacuum carburizing S. 1415-1426

„… Co., Ltd. for vacuum carburizing. The material development is based on knowledge acquired through …” „… in Si and Cr content in this study. Table 1 shows the steel content for each type. The materials …” „… materials by machining, and was carburized in vacuum carburizing. After that it was tempered at 453 K for …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… molded test gears made of a homopolymer POM (Delrin® 100NC010 by DuPont™) material. The challenge in …” „… bending strength calculation of plastic gears is the lack of material specific fatigue strength data. VDI …” „… 2736 [1] contains fatigue strength data for two common thermoplastic materials – PA66 and POM. While …”

R. Weidig Adoption of polymer gears – Challenges and solutions S. 1565-1574

„… gasoline and diesel fuel. The injection mouldable polymer material needs to meet several key engineering …” „… moulding equipment While there are many polymer materials that can meet one or two of the material …” „… requirements the only material that met all of them was a high-performance polymer PEEK (polyetheretherketone …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… project, the influence on the load carrying capacity of gears made out of the material 20MnCr5 was …” „… flank) were carried out on spur gears with the gear size module 5 mm made out of the materials 20MnCr5 …” „… material 20MnCr5, it can be seen, that the endurance limit of the tooth root bending strength of the …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… method and deduce possible improvements. 1. Introduction During the lapping process, material …” „… simulation approaches. The most important group of these attribute local material removal to normal force or …” „… equation. ∆ is the material volume abraded by a single hard particle, which can also be expressed as …”

Y. Wang, B. Peng, G. Liu, L. Liu Design of transmission accuracy of the involute cylindrical gear-worm gear system under large temperature difference based on FE method S. 491-502

„… of the box material (K-1); 1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the gear material (K- 1); t0 is …” „… ℃. The material of the model is shown in Table 2. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017496 Table 2: Material and …” „… coefficient of thermal expansion Worm gear Gear Transmission shaft Worm Gearbox Cabin Material ZCuAlFe3 …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… conjunction with recent advances in the areas of material science, tribology and big data analysis allow …” „… damage under tribological stress. Gear material, machining and finishing methods, lubricant, and enduse …” „… of material and process parameters that are used [1]. Nitriding imparts a high surface hardness …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… the lens, and the long focal distance between the laser module and materials is suitable for printing …” „… Helix angle (deg) 0 Prof. shift coef. 0 Face width (mm) 5.0 Material PA66 Fig. 4: Crack …” „… lens to the surface of material affects on the width and electrical property of sintered lines. In …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… materials. However, the temperatures – even for the same load and velocity – vary greatly with testing …” „… plastic materials. But gear testing revealed that large discrepancies may exist between predicted and …” „… , 13-15], gear processing [16], gear geometry [6], counterface material [6, 13], as well the material on …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… metal particle shearing through material flow. 3. Design approach & testing When driving a customer …” „… application, PM material and process routings are defined. While for gear load calculations conventional …” „… . rolling/forging) are available. To clearly focus on the performance of the different materials and PM …”

A. K. Shojaei, P. Volgers An improved lifetime prediction technique for plastic gears through finite element analysis and continuum damage mechanics S. 1109-1112

„… Continuum Damage Mechanics Dr. Amir K. Shojaei, DuPont Performance Materials, Chestnut Run Plaza …” „… , Wilmington, USA; Dr. Pieter Volgers, DuPont Performance Materials, European Technical Centre, Meyrin …” „… , creep and fatigue predictive tool for unfilled polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Volume 106, March 2017 …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… friction and wear on the system elements and thus leads to changes in the surface, loss of material and …” „… energy dissipation within the system. [10, 11, 12] Surface Changes (Types of Wear) Material Losses …” „… on the specific material removal rate, the changing operating conditions were calculated. The model …”

D. Ghribi, C. Peyrac, M. Octrue Shot peening of gear tooth flanks: Search for an optimal surface topography against the micropitting S. 153-162

„… The improvements released the past few decades in terms of standard calculations, gear materials and …” „… optimization, in order to eliminate, or at least postpone, micropitting. 2. Material and treatments The …” „… material considered in this study was a case carburized 18CrNiMo7-6 steel, with or without, different shot …”

B. Winter Production cells in transition S. 1247-1250

„… . 2294, 2017 1249 a high degree, the material-flow in the factory between the cells is done more or less …” „… work-pieces, quality of the work-pieces, losses due to machine problems or bad raw material, etc. were …” „… manually in most cases. For example operators are needed to load and unload belts or move material boxes …”

P. Wang, M. Yang, Y. Guan, Z. Yang, Q. Li Global synthesis of speed increasing spiral bevel and hypoid gears S. 433-434

„… Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China, The State Key …” „… , Zhenfeng Yang, Qiang Li, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of …”

M. Takahashi, T. Itagaki, N. Maeda, H. Takahashi Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics of micro-spur-gears S. 243-252

„… in the tooth surface. The material of test gear was heat-treated alloy tool steel. The applied torque …” „… using the ISO equation was approximately 115 MPa. This value is very small for the material of test …” „… material of test gear was phosphor bronze. Table 4 lists the operating conditions. The applied torque has …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… , modifications), material specifications (heat treatment, residual stresses, residual austenite), surface …” „… lubrication regimes in EHL-contacts. Commonly micropitting is observed on materials with a high surface …” „… grow deeper into the material. They may terminate or grow back to the surface, which will lead to …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… effective stress. The permissible stress is determined based on a failure probability of the material …” „… failure probability based on a Weibull distribution, taking material properties into account. After this …” „… which is the more critical component. A material strength value with a failure probability of 90% is …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… cause changes in the structure and properties of sliding materials, can cause surface oxidation or even …” „… the friction and wear of the material. In order to simulate with numerical method, the behaviour of …” „… structural-thermal coupling. The thermal material properties of bearing steel 100Cr6 are given in Table 1. Properties …”

A. K. Shojaei, P. Volgers, M. Cassata Advanced modeling and experimental techniques for fatigue life prediction of plastic gears S. 1575-1582

„… . Amir K. Shojaei, DuPont Performance Materials, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, DE, USA; Dr. Pieter …” „… Volgers, DuPont Performance Materials, European Technical Centre, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171578 Acknowledgment This study was supported by DuPont Performance Materials and …”

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… design of bevel gears is based on material models that describe the load carrying capacity of the basic …” „… material. The strength of the material was determined by standard tests on standard reference gear …” „… geometry. Thus the strength of the material must be adapted to the geometry of the individual gear …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… - VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1531 gets furthermore. The material plastic offers the chance and possibility to …” „… (solid line) and corresponds to the theoretical approach. Taking into account the real material …” „… application of plastics. Looking at the noise an additional strength of plastic materials is its higher …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… furthermore by applying appropriate software products. The objective of the presented material is to …” „… simulation with great deformations and nonlinear behavior of material including inertia effects as results …” „… favorable conditions; F – Facilitating enforceability because of familiar know-how, materials and favorable …”

D. Krüger, E. Leidich, I. Römhild, R. Heß, H. Linke Geometry, pitting and tooth root capacity of asymmetric gears S. 751-768

„… component. However, due to the limited material extent in tooth tip direction, the material is softer and …” „… stress sensitivity of the material, which is equal to the slope of the lines for the stress limit in …” „… depends from the mean stress sensitivity of the material significantly. Furthermore, in general the …”

T. Aoyama, H. Inokura, Y. Shibata Prediction of plastic deformation in hypoid gears S. 669-682

„… layers with different material characteristics, approximated measured hardness distributions as shown in …” „… deformation decreased by modification of both the gear dimensions and material characteristics. Using gear …” „… . Material σmij Internal stress σyldij Yield stress Afij VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 679 Fig. 15 …”

M. F. Stangl, U. Kissling, A. Pogacnik A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design S. 1307-1318

„… pre-machining processes, which need a certain amount of stock material for the final machining steps after the …” „… usually several contact points between the gearwheel and the worm, where the material is removed. Fig …” „… 1309 The cylindrical grinding worm is typically made from CBN (cubic boron nitride) and loses material …”

R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… gear material was S45C according to JIS and these test gears were tempered (HV280). The center …” „… Material S45C(JIS) Heat treatment tempered 3. Experimental Results Figures 2, 3, and 4 show the …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… effect on the bearable equivalent pressure. The choice of material and the contact width seem to be less …” „… . parameters results surface angle track width material slippage nitride surface max. axial force equivalent …” „… 230,8 material: 34CrMo4 232,5 30CrNiMo8 233,0 slippage: 5 % 243,1 10 % 222,4 nitride: no 214,0 yes …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… continuous increase of power density. New and better materials, enhanced manufacturing technologies and …” „… one is the heat transfer from the oil to the housing material, subdivided in areas with and without …” „… housing material and then passes an individual distance to reach an outside surface location. For any …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… purposes. For all experiments the same kind of materials (worm: 16MnCr5, worm wheel: CuSn12Ni) is used …” „… using a combination of materials (steel 16MnCr5 and bronze CuSn12Ni), which are typical for power …” „… and is mainly dependent on the materials of the gears and the type of lubricant. The method for …”

I. Atanasovska, H. Abderazek Comparative analysis of few new procedures for spur gears tooth profile optimization with different methods and aspects S. 1169-1176

„… ., Momcilovic D.: Explicit Parametric Method for Optimal Spur Gear Tooth Profile Definition. Advanced Materials …” „… Research 633 (2013): Advances in Engineering Materials, Product and Systems Design (Special topic volume …”

R. Saito, Y. Suzuki, K. Matsuo The effect on tooth root breakage strength of tooth root shapes resulting from differing hobbing conditions S. 733-740

„… material components and their hardness, and parameters relating to the materials like residual compressive …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… carburized gears are characterized by a shell-shaped material fracture in the area of the active flank …” „… material 18CrNiMo7-6 and were case-hardened and conventionally ground (only flank area) after heat …” „… as all test gears were made of the same material in the same production batch. Therefore all tested …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… quantify material changes during the running time. Gears have been dismounted from the test rig during the …” „… example) The results of the examinations prove a change of different (local) material properties with …” „… measurements are subject to common scattering because of the inhomogeneous structure of the material and the …”

X. Gou, L. Zhu, C. Qi Modelling of a gear-rotor system considered tooth contact temperature and its dynamic characteristics S. 1177-1184

„… internal hysteresis and the material properties. The flash temperature of the tooth surface of driving …” „… material. ( 1,2)ki i is the addendum pressure angle of two gears, respectively (deg). ( 1,2)biu i in …”

D. Liang, B. Chen, R. Tan, C. Li Tooth profiles design and stress analysis of double helical gear transmissions with geometric elements constructed tooth pairs S. 411-420

„… point and constraint surface. The entire material is 20CrMnTi and the properties of material are: μ …”

L. Geng, N. Mimi, L. Lan, Z. Ying, W. Liyan Mesh stiffness of cylindrical gear including tooth surface – Friction based on FEA method S. 807-814

„… mechanics of material regarding the gear tooth as a cantilever beam VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 807 which …” „… material parameter, respectively, R is the equivalent contact radius at the contact point, 1/E*=0.5[(1-v12 …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… martensite, a lower hardness than the unaffected material and by tensile residual stress. Re-hardened zones …” „… Zahnflankenprofilschleifen; Dissertation WZL Aachen 2011 [11] Mook, G.; Simonin, J.: Surface and subsurface material …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… bevel gears. Material Science Forum, 2005, 505: 949-954. [9] Y. J. Cai, L. G. Yao, et al. Kinematics …” „… meshing double circular-arc spiral bevel gears. Advanced materials research, 2014, 945: 822-825. [12] J …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… medical devices. Various materials such as steel, cast iron, bronze or plastic are used for crossed …” „… this gear type are actuators for example in automobiles or medical devices. Various materials such as …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… the recycling of copper will be necessary [1]. Thus, copper should not be used as a wear material …” „… and therefore further savings in material. Furthermore, the reduced abrasion contaminates the gear …”

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sánchez Load sharing model for spur gears with tip relief – An investigation on the influence of profile modifications on the mesh stiffness S. 795-806

„… the amount of material eliminated at tip relieves is very small, the gear meshing stiffness may be …” „… pressure line reducing the noise, vibration and dynamic load levels. Usually the amount of material …”

A. Şorea, F. Buus Bendixen Reluctance magnetic gear – Magnetic gears, no longer toothless S. 615-622

„… with central wall Overmould flux guides with ceramic materials Multiple gear ratios which means it is …”

A. Mihailidis, G. Korbetis, N. Drivakos, I. Nerantzis Finite element method based analysis of planetary gear systems considering backlash and manufacturing deviations S. 75-82

„… strongly on design, material and operation conditions. Modern analysis methods, such as the Finite Element …”

E. Tanaka, H.-C. Lin Gear diagnostic system using zonal laser beam for practical use S. 845-856

„… the previously measured same material, heat treatment, roughness data. In this method, it can be …”

K. Kanto, T. Yamada, S. Komatsu, J. Morishita, I. Yamaji, A. Kubo Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center S. 1039-1050

„… measurement of unknown shape raw material easily. High-speed scanning of non-contact measurement is suitable …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Vonderschmidt, R. Vonderschmidt A novel magnetic angular transmission S. 591-602

„… material can no longer absorb magnetic field lines, so the field lines must follow another path. This …”

E. Böyükbaş, H. J. Stadtfeld Surface structure shift for ground bevel gears S. 1391-1402

„… removed material particles at the beginning of the grinding contact were dragged along the entire face …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… development in terms of material as well as manufacturing technology, epicyclical gearings function as torque …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… using the Monte-Carlo method. Material fatigue resistance, external loads, gear quality or effects of …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… . 2294, 20171086 teeth. The component sizes and weight lead to advantages for logistics, material …”

B. Schlecht, F. Müller, S. Schumann Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro pitting S. 293-304

„… material and lubrication were taken into account. Regarding his research on hypoid gears, he added the …”

E. Erkilic, Z. Burcay Optimizing tooth proportions to improve topland Saribay balance in aerospace bevel gears S. 447-456

„… Bevel Gear Tooth Surfaces,» University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Department of Material Engineering …”

P. Tenberge, D. Kupka, T. Panéro Influential criteria on the optimization of a gearbox, with application to an automatic transmission S. 253-266

„… deflections and misalignments. It is also important to mention that the materials of the different elements …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… space by the Bézier root fillet. This phenomenon indicates that the material utilization is almost …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… Transmission Error and Mesh Stiffness. Mechanics and Materials,2013, Vols 365-366 pp 327-330. [4] Y A …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… obtained by mechanics of materials. 21 1 0 cos sin1 L b x x h dx K EI , 2 1 0 1.2 cos1 L s x …”

M. Nakagawa, D. Nishida, D. Sah, T. Hirogaki Development of novel test stand for three-axis driving planetary gear train control and analysis of novel PGT for noise reduction S. 331-340

„… diameter [mm] 30 15 60 --- Base diameter [mm] 28.2 14.1 56.4 --- Mass [kg] 0.09 0.027 0.28 0.72 Material …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… material choice is set, a maximum specific glide gs is set (default value = 2.5), the dedendum coefficient …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… [°] - 10 b/d1 [-] 0.35 stage helix angle [°] 10 Σxges [-] 0.8 material [-] 16MnCr5 18CrNiMo7-8 main gearing …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… the ferromagnetic material. The thickness of the stator is oversized. The line resistance is 0.15 …”

Y. Zhao Curvature interference characteristic of conical surface Enveloping Spiroid S. 835-844

„… Materials, Vol. 86 (2011), pp. 352-356. [10] Yaping Zhao, Yimin Zhang, Determination of the Most Dangerous …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… , or local material inhomogeneities cause different deviations on each tooth flank. Therefore, each …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… distortions. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 43 (2012) 1‐2, pp. 120-124. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294 …”

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Results in this title

G. Gardère, A. Kezmane Composite Material for Automotive Mass Production Applications S. 343-354

„… Composite Material for Automotive Mass Production Applications Guillaume Gardère, Ph.D. Ali …” „… teams started seriously investigating composite materials that were easy to process for mass production …” „… and compatible with plastic injection. They selected a composite material named “organosheet” and …”

E. Spini, R. Galeazzi Reinforced polyamides with low environmental impact: post-consumer materials S. 627-644

„… Reinforced polyamides with low environmental impact: post-consumer materials Sophisticated …” „… Polymers, a vertically integrated manufacturer specializing in polyamide materials, has offered low …” „… Textile Solutions business area. These so-called Post-industrial Recycled (PIR) materials are already used …”

W. Schijve, R. Bhairi, F. Becker, K. Fischer, M. Emonts Multi-material options for future fire and impact resistant battery casings S. 395-412

„… Multi-material options for future fire and impact resistant battery casings W. Schijve, R. Bhairi …” „… participating (as by April 2023), AZL has designed and analysed many multi-material battery casing solutions …” „… reference casing. Detailed cost analysis showed that many multi-material solutions, containing composites …”

T. Köppl, Florian Dresel Reducing the carbon footprint of materials and processes for soft-touch applications S. 149-158

„… Reducing the carbon footprint of materials and processes for soft-touch applications Dr.-Ing …” „… . Thomas Köppl, Florian Dresel, HEXPOL TPE GmbH, Lichtenfels Abstract The use of recycled materials …” „… , the switch to recyclable designs and the carbon footprint reduction of materials and processes are …”

A. Bunjes Systematic investigations into the molecular and material properties of impact-modified PP recyclates for automotive applications S. 601-612

„… Systematic investigations into the molecular and material properties of impact-modified PP …” „… the material properties of the recyclates. These property changes depend on the history of the …” „… strength the recyclates investigated are comparable to virgin materials. The notched impact strength of …”

S. Weidmann, T. Hoffmann, M. Duhovic, J. Weber, P. Mitschang Cutting-edge joining processes for TP-FRPC and multi-material structures made of TP-FRPC and metals S. 673-688

„… Cutting-edge joining processes for TP-FRPC and multi-material structures made of TP-FRPC and …” „… known for their excellent material performance, efficient production technologies and good recyclability …” „… . They are considered to be a key material technology for the future, where fully automated and efficient …”

T. Neumeyer, R. Fachtan, B. Trinkwalter Production of functionally integrated soft-touch components based on new TPE materials in a single-stage injection-molding process S. 495-506

„… Production of functionally integrated soft-touch components based on new TPE materials in a …” „… control panels. So far, however, neither the materials nor the process technology are available to enable …” „… – development of new materials for the realization of functionally integrated soft-touch components in a …”

A. Munch Elmér, H. Palokangas Materialsmart – Materialchoice – The key to de-carbonizing your products S. 229-238

„… Materialsmart®-concept, a tool to simplify plastic material choice for sustainable design. Materialsmart® is based on …” „… polymer material choice is the Materialsmart® -concept. This tool is created by a process based LCA and …” „… be done. Materialsmart® gives direct figures to compare plastic raw material options. Materialsmart …”

T. Neumeyer, R. Fachtan, B. Trinkwalter Herstellung funktionsintegrierter Softtouch-Komponenten auf Basis neuer TPE-Materialien in einem einstufigen Spritzgießprozess S. 507-518

„… Material-klasse wurde PC (Polycarbonat) verwendet. Alle Schichten des Aufbaus erfordern für die spätere …” „… Anwendungen neuartige Materialen und angepasste Verarbei-tungstechnologien bereitzustellen. Das Konsortium …” „… Haut ähnelnden Haptik sorgen. Dabei wurde die „Zielhaptik“ zu Beginn der Materialent-wicklung im Rahmen …”

B. Pesche, R. Vollet-Binet Renault MEGANE e-Tech plastic tailgate – Lightweight and sustainability as DNA S. 73-82

„… integration. Visible areas for the customer are directly imaged with the PP long glass fiber materials without …” „… additional treatment step. Celanese provides more than material selection. We understand the importance of …” „… molding material - and technology leader. The next innovation leap in the field of long fiber …”

W. Hübsch, H. Dannbauer, C. Gaier, S. Fischmeister Development process of short-fiber-reinforced plastic components with regard to structural durability S. 301-320

„… suitability formass production. On the other hand, this type of material reacts sensitively to environmental …” „… metallic materials – can be used. Even other influences such asgeometric notches, mean stress influences …” „… , orthotropic material behavior VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023 3011. Introduction Lightweight construction plays an …”

S. Lang, C. Niermann Sustainably high-quality! Are recyclates the only way to reduce CO2? S. 159-182

„… for CO2 reduction in the plastics industry. In addition to the selection of the materials themselves …” „… life') can also influence the sustainability of plastic components. As regards the choice of materials …” „… biobased and recycled materials in the chemical industry. They ensure the traceability of sustainable …”

M. Doedt Qualification of recyclates – News from standardization and testing S. 457-466

„… material-specific standard for ABS recyclates VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023 461is in progress. Further standards will …” „… , supply stability is a common barrier to use, as materials from different suppliers are often difficult to …” „… compare. For the comparability of material qualities, DIN SPEC 91446 introduces data quality levels (DQL …”

M. Barbolini, F. Naudin Cooling pipes for high performance application based on PPS S. 123-128

„… Automotive, Laives, Italy; Ing. François Naudin, Celanese Engineering Materials, Sulzbach Abstract THERMAL …” „… situation, PIT technology was applied by using a high-performance thermoplastic material like PPS. This …” „… material solution in fact offers good hydrolysis resistance even at high temperatures since the actual …”

D. Braun, E. Kougioumtzi, O. Geiger, M. Prinz From Scrap Tires to Door Handles S. 427-436

„… directive [1]. With the planned revision, a stricter definition of material-related recyclate quotas and the …” „… series production was awarded the Materialica Award in the category Material with the "Best of Award" in …” „… Umweltschutz - Material, RD/RSE, Mercedes-Benz AG, Sindelfingen; Oliver Geiger, Michael Prinz, BASF SE …”

C. Scarazzo Building a closed-loop: Molecular recycling of automotive plastic waste S. 585-600

„… should be recovered using high-yield, material-to-material recycling  Environmental and social impact …” „… create a better way  Closed-loop technology will create new sustainable, engineered materials from …” „… , up to 20% of the material is considered automotive shedder light fraction (SLF), also called …”

J. Haspel, C. Höfs Engineering plastics as enablers for HV battery systems of the next generation S. 103-112

„… materials in a complex and costly manner, despite engineering plastics offering great potential here through …” „… requirements for materials. Engineering plastics can beprecisely adapted to the needs of the automotive …” „… or a thermal runaway of the electrical cells [2]. At first sight, the material of choice is metals …”

E. Metzsch-Zilligen Waste4Future – Innovative recycling approach for the automotive industry? S. 451-456

„… material-oriented and highly digitized recycling process with improved energy and resource efficiency. Plastics are …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023 453Holistic strategy to shift from process- to material-oriented recycling. Life …” „… recycling route is determined. Fig. 1 illustrates the material-oriented recycling approach using advanced …”

C. Bouvatier, S. Oener Lower stiffener of the Porsche 992 GT3 in PAIM technology S. 1-16

„… and/or materials. The exceptional aerodynamic requirements present the GT vehicles with the challenge of …” „… consideration as the optimal material. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023 7After numerous tests with different types …” „… of materials (PP-CF20, PA66-GF30, etc.), the polyamide 6.6 GF30 Weromid was defined as a material …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… Jobwall & Guided Tours+ New Mobility Area and Future Zone EngineeringTomorrows Materials#Preflight Lx3 am …” „… Materials/WerkstoffeDevelopment process of short-fiber-reinforced plastic components with regard to structural durability 301 …” „… Performance Polymers, Chignolo d’Isola, Italy Materials/WerkstoffeCombined methods for polymer …”

F. Meißen, H. Gleich The next level of polymer parts in CAE – From the process to the process chain, from the individual part to the assembly S. 355-362

„… have under control technological risks such as the processing of new materials and the introduction of …” „… . In particular, ignorance of the details of the material used often leads to the simulation giving a …” „… virtual validation which precise material from which supplier is ultimately preferred by the purchasing …”

M. Doedt Qualifizierung von Rezyklaten – Neuigkeiten aus der Standardisierung und Prüfung S. 467-478

„… sehen, wie gut die Datenqualität des Materials sind, was einen schnellen Vergleich von Materialien und …” „… dem Material liegen vor. Die DIN SPEC 91446 enthält zudem Vorlagen für Produktdatenblätter, Labels …” „… Post-Consumer-Recycling. Je nach Quelle können die Materialqualitäten zwischen oder sogar innerhalb von Materialchargen …”

M. Schlummer, D. Arends Recycling of Plastics from Automotive Shredder Residues S. 275-288

„… CreaSolv® Process1 follows the approach of selectively dissolving thermoplastic materials and purifying the …” „… contaminants like fibers and fillers can be removed from the targeted thermoplastic material to recover pure …” „… , try to develop products that are designed for recycling and ways of including secondary material into …”

C. Salles Addressing the sustainability challenges of Automotive: Everminds – a Holistic approach from a PO industry leading producer S. 289-300

„… materials. The successive IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports have well documented …” „… footprint compared with other materials and versatile properties making them suitable for an always growing …” „… reduction of the GWP of our polyolefins materials - Circularisation, and reusing plastic at the end of …”

S. Sampson, L. Fredriksson, M. Bromberger Design for Sustainability Targeting the Strategic Application of Topology Optimization – Lightweighting of structural parts and subsystems S. 437-450

„… designs and provides new opportunities to allow for example a material substitution or to consider …” „… streamlining of the development decision making process: ● Material data availability: Consistent and …” „… comprehensive material data and database infrastructure know-how for better decision-making ● Virtual material …”

F. Groh, R. Apfelbeck, W. v. Gilst, A. Karl Innovative shear panel in plastic for vehicles with shortened battery modules S. 519-532

„… (DP780) with a cathodic dip coating (x633) is currently used as the material for the shear panel. Fig …” „… (wall thickness: 1 mm, material: DP780) must also be given a cathodic dip coating in order to meet the …” „… component is used in the MEB platform (wall thickness: 2 mm, material: PP-GF20). This so-called cW underbody …”

T. Lindemann Lightweight Thermoplastic Swing Doors for EVs S. 129-134

„… .  Thermoplastic resin materials offer more styling freedom, enabling brand differentiation.  Innovative use of …” „… advanced high strength materials and manufacturing processes Replacement for Steel Swing Door Variant As …” „… requirements demand that OEMs find new materials and innovative applications to aid in the dramatic reduction …”

A. Bunjes Systematische Untersuchungen molekularer und werkstofflicher Eigenschaften von schlagzähmodifizierten PP-Rezyklaten für die Automobilanwendung S. 613-626

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023616Tabelle 1: Rezyklatanteile der untersuchten Materialien Material Rezyklatanteil R …” „… Gebrauch (Pre Consumer): Material, das beim Herstellungsverfahren aus dem Abfallstrom abgetrennt wird …” „… wiederverwendet werden können.  Abfall nach Gebrauch (Post Consumer): Material aus Haushalten …”

J. Haspel, C. Höfs Technische Kunststoffe als Wegbereiter für HV-Batteriesysteme der nächsten Generation S. 113-122

„… Materialien nicht berücksichtigt. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023120Carbon footprint* kg CO2 / kg material …” „… Durchgehens der elektrischen Zellen flammwidrig verhalten. [2] Das Material der Wahl sind auf den ersten …” „… , gemeinsam einen seriennahen Technologie-Demonstrator entwickelt, wobei Envalior die Material- und Kautex …”

F. Meißen, H. Gleich The next level of polymer part CAE – Vom Prozess zur Prozesskette, vom Einzelteil zur Baugruppe S. 363-370

„… . Überdies wäre es wünschenswert, zu jedem realen Material eine virtuelle Materialkarte mitgeliefert zu …” „… Unkenntnis über Details des eingesetzten Materials führen häufig dazu, dass die Simulation ein anderes …” „… entschieden, welches genaue Material von welchem Lieferanten durch den Einkauf letztendlich präferiert wird …”

T. Weyer Decorative and Functional Front Panels for BEVs – MEZZOTM Plus Panel S. 547-552

„… using in-mold film.  Combining innovative materials and process technologies achieves a high-quality …” „… functional lighting technologies utilizing Magna’s next-generation materials and processes. This Mezzo Plus …” „… forward-facing surfaces using advanced plastics and thoughtful design. This includes materials that allow …”

N. Dingenouts, M. Wilhelm Combined methods for polymer characterization in rheology and SEC S. 645-658

„… Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Abstract Polymeric materials get their flexible application …” „… flow of materials [1]. For the processing properties of polymeric melts, oscillating melt rheology is …” „… relation to technical processing, e.g. in the extrusion of polymeric materials. Since rheology is an …”

N. Schlutig Pushing the boundaries of eco-solutions based on recycled polypropylene compounds for contributing to sustainable cars of the future S. 213-228

„… advantages, weight reduction and manufacturing processes. Integration of post-industrial materials into our …” „… recycled glass-fiber polypropylene. Recently renamed THERMOFIL CIRCLE™, this material delivers quality and …” „… technical characteristics similar to those of a virgin material. SPCEU will further develop the mechanisms …”

R. Hofer, M. Jacobi 26% weight savings in an automotive headlight housing due t o MuCell® foaming technology S. 383-388

„… material (Inopol CS 1-2140, which is a PP T40) with the aid of a foaming test tool, which had been …” „… , with whose aid the material card was optimized for injection-molding simulation Warpage improvement …” „… the influence of temperature distribution in the mold on the shrinkage behavior of the material. Fig …”

C. Bouvatier, S. Oener Lower Stiffener Porsche 992 GT3 in PI-Technik S. 17-32

„… Projektil-Nachdruck Ein kontrolliertes Ventil steuert diesen Vorgang und leitet das überflüssige Material zur …” „… Entsorgung um. (s. Bilder 14) Das vom Projektil in den Überlaufkanal geschobene Material kann man über die …” „… zur Wiederverwendung: 1. Material aus dem Überlaufkanal schreddern und für andere Artikel einsetzen 2 …”

W. Hübsch, H. Dannbauer, C. Gaier, S. Fischmeister Entwicklungsprozess kurzfaserverstärkter Kunststoffkomponenten bezüglich Betriebsfestigkeit S. 321-342

„… (isotropen) Materialen stehen Datenbasen oder sogar Materialdatenschätzer bzw. Materialge-neratoren zur …” „… Materials auszuschöpfen. Für die Entwicklung solch eines Materialgenerators sind sehr viele Daten und daher …” „… , können zusätzlich einfließen und das zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Material-generierung. Der Prozess ist so …”

M. Lindemann Hybridisierung im Leichtbau – aber recycelbar! S. 413-426

„… because a rethink is taking place worldwide on how to deal with energy and material resources. The …” „… material "plastic" with the help of renewable, biodegradable and petrochemical raw materials. Increasingly …” „… the material cycle by type. That is why every product is being assessed more and more closely in terms …”

G. J. Anderson Dynamic Fatigue Testing of Polyamide 6 – The Determination of S-N Curves for an Anisotropic Glass Filled PA6 S. 371-382

„… strength of the material. S-N Curves are a plot of Stress Level verses the Number of Cycles to failure …” „… of the underlying constituents of the multi-phase material. Multiaxial failure criteria that account …” „… materials. [4] Modelling was performed by the OEM and not part of this testing. Fatigue Testing Apparatus …”

S. Lang, C. Niermann Nachhaltig hochwertig! Sind Rezyklate der einzige Weg zur CO2-Reduzierung? S. 183-212

„… zutreffend ist, sofern das Material biogenen Kohlenstoff enthält, eine Mindestanforderung an den Gehalt …” „… 2 und Methan [16]. Zerfällt das biologisch abbaubare Material, ohne dass die entstehenden …” „… beiden Fällen der im Material enthaltene Kohlenstoff in CO2 umgewandelt und emittiert wird. Betrachtet …”

H. Häberle Use of plastic in the new MAN truck – sustainable solutions, also through the use of recyclates S. 83-92

„… materials and definition of the process steps to produce the corresponding components. The next logical step …” „… effort is then also reflected – in addition to the material costs – in the part price. In contrast, with …” „… behavior was somewhat worse than that of the original material. A change-over to recyclate was not possible …”

H.P.C. van Heerbeek LNP™ SLX Resins for Exterior (Lighted) Auto Grill Designs S. 135-148

„… . Some of the key properties for materials used in these applications are high impact strength, heat …” „… ) material data files. An automotive grill was designed in KeyShot and the AxF material data files of …” „… diffusive SLX1271D material files to highlight the area of diffusive light guide. The AxF material files of …”

N. Dingenouts, M. Wilhelm Kombinierte Methoden zur Polymercharakterisierung in Rheologie und SEC S. 659-672

„… auch Orientierung der Polymerketten oder Spannungen im Material beeinflussen die lokale Dynamik …” „… Methode zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung eines Ma-terials in …” „… : Veranschaulichung der Verteilung der drei wichtigsten molekularen Kenngrößen ei-nes polymeren Materials im 3D-Raum …”

Polycarbonatbasierte Karosseriebauteile mit Funktionsintegration Polycarbonate-based body components with functional integration S. 553-584

„… great deal of movement in pre-development, so that new opportunities are arising for materials and …” „… , material purity and component precision are required for this as well as installation conditions that …” „… the basis of Makrolon® AG; © Car Men Material selection In summary, it can be said that the following …”

F. Groh, R. Apfelbeck, W. v. Gilst, A. Karl Innovatives Schubfeld in Kunststoffbauweise für Fahrzeuge mit verkürzten Batteriemodulen S. 533-546

„… Prototypenherstellung ist der Übersicht halber in die drei Schritte Material-aufbereitung (1), Pressprozess (2) und …” „… metallischer Bauweise ausgeführt. Das eingesetzte Stahlblech (Wandstärke: 1 mm, Material: DP780) muss …” „… Verkleidungsbauteil aus Kunststoff zum Einsatz (Wandstärke: 2 mm, Material: PP-GF20). Diese sog. cW-Boden-verkleidung …”

R. Hofer, M. Jacobi 26% Gewichtsersparnis bei einem automobilen Frontscheinwerfergehäuse durch die MuCell®-Schäumtechnologie S. 389-394

„… Arburg GmbH + Co KG eine Validierung des Fließverhaltens des Materials (Inopol CS 1-2140, ein PP T40 …” „… , um den Einfluss der Temperaturverteilung im Werkzeug auf das Schwindungsverhalten des Materials …” „… Versuchswerkzeug dargestellt, mit deren Hilfe die Materialkarte für die Spritzgusssimulation optimiert wurde …”

Entwicklung Leichtbau-Unterfahrschutz für BEVs in FVK-Bauweise Development of a lightweight underride guard for BEVs in FRP S. 61-72

„… construction using DLFT or GMT as the core material. In this case, instead of organic sheets with a woven …” „… mechanical properties and the lightweighting properties. Here, the advantages of the thermoplastic materials …” „… materials with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm are glued to the component side facing the cells. This measure …”

K. C. Keller What society and values could look like tomorrow – And what that could mean for the automotive future S. 689-XIV

„… Materials#Preflight Lx3 am März 8, 2019 | 07:39:11 | 210.3 mm x 75.92 mmYour benefits• International industry meeting …” „… there-fore did not prepare well for the impacts of any of the following: supply-chain problems, mate-rials …” „… Blockchain could be utilised to track the emissions, materials, working-conditions and history of every part …”

F. Wazula, H. Tattko, A. Sumfleth Star panel of the Mercedes Benz EQS – New design meets new challenges S. 33-46

„… demanding challenges in the 'direct visual field' of the vehicle, new innovations in both material and …” „… prevailing process temperatures are close to the softening point of the materials used but are necessary for …” „… finished component after its production, which can be summarized as follows: ‐ Material tests …”

M. Fischer Smart front and rear panels by purposefully combined plastic processing S. 479-494

„… semi-transparent will enable new material concepts in the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023 479automotive exterior …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 20234804. addressing the needs of impact performance by the correct material setup 5 …”

H. Häberle Kunststoffeinsatz beim neuen MAN-Lkw – nachhaltige Lösungen, auch durch den Einsatz von Rezyklaten! S. 93-102

„… dieser Baugruppe wieder aus dem gleichen Material herstellen zu können, wurden weitere Untersuchungen …” „… Werkzeuge, etc. pp.. Dieser Aufwand spiegelt sich dann natürlich auch – neben den Materialkosten – im …”

M. Däbritz, K. Scherer Halving the CO2 footprint through process integration in the production of coated plastic parts S. 239-256

„… different components and materials, can in most cases only be achieved in this way. And of course, the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024188

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Kunststoffe im Automobilbau 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Kunststoffe im Automobilbau 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4347 2017

Results in this title

M. Thurmeier, C. Horbas, F. Wagner Entwicklung eines Tankdeckel-Scharnierarms mit Recycling-Material S. 93-94

„… Entwicklung eines Tankdeckel-Scharnierarms mit Recycling-Material M. Thurmeier, M.Eng., C …” „… großflächiger werden. Dadurch wachsen die Anforderungen an das Material, das im Folgenden am Beispiel des …” „… die angewachsene Oberfläche kompensieren zu können, wird ein neues, verstärktes Material benötigt …”

R. Schlimper, M. Zscheyge, P. Michel Use Case FVK im Materials Data Space, Digitalisierung der Materialkompetenz als Komplementär zur Industrie 4.0 S. 227-228

„… Use Case FVK im Materials Data Space, Digitalisierung der Materialkompetenz als Komplementär zur …” „… Materials Data Space stellt unternehmensübergreifend digitale Daten zu Materialien und Werkstoffen entlang …” „… Qualität und bei kurzen Innovationszyklen. Der Materials Data Space wurde als Grundlage für die …”

T. van den Einden, K. Menke The use of an alternative material for engine encapsulation for Trucks S. 287-294

M. Franzen, G. Oberhofer, R. Schwarzer Improved crash simulation of endless-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics – organic sheets S. 113-124

„… weight reduction in the automotive area. However these materials feature a very complex mechanical …” „… behavior due to the use of relatively soft and ductile thermoplastic matrix material in combination with …” „… stiff and brittle endless fibers. Within the current crash simulation codes no suitable material …”

W. Schijve, G. Francato, R. Yaldiz True confidence in thermoplastic composite simulations for any automotive component S. 315-328

„… solution is to reduce the weight of a vehicle significantly. Composite materials can offer these weight …” „… UD or multi-axial laminates in combination with an overmolding process with LFT material. Besides …” „… for the more cost-efficient hybrid combinations of UD-tape-based laminates with overmolding material …”

E. Spini, A. Bernasconi A demonstrator for the experimental assessment of the through-process modeling of injection-molded parts made of short-fiber-reinforced polymers S. 181-192

„… characterization of the materials E. Spini, RadiciGroup Performance Plastics, Chignolo d'Isola (Bergamo …” „… weight requires materials which are capable of performing the same functions that only metals have been …” „… supports. In this context of change, producers of plastic materials for engineering uses have been …”

L. Jerpdal, J. Hain, O. Täger Lightweight design for increased payload: new ways using polymer composites and physical foaming S. 273-274

„… group of composite organo-sheets are self-reinforced polymer composites (SrPC), which are materials …” „… is, both poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). SrPC materials are ductile, have low density and good …” „… parts from organo-sheets overmolded with glass-reinforced composite material have been shown in the …”

M. Bakkal, O. Otuz, S. Doğru A new analytical calculation method for the injectionmolding process of a composite luggage rack holder S. 295-314

„… thermoplastic composite materials. This method considers the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical …” „… properties of composites and concludes with variouslastic modulus values of material in complicated part …” „… does isotropic analysis. 1. Introduction Polymer composite is the material which is spreading …”

R. Apfelbeck, S. Müller Einsatz von Organoblechen im Fahrzeugunterflur – Kosten- und gewichtsoptimiertes Geländerobustheitspaket S. 259-270

„… das Material Polypropylen (PP) im Bereich des Unterflurs durchgesetzt. Es gilt zu unterscheiden wie …” „… dieses Material verarbeitet und entsprechend eingesetzt wird. In den Fahrzeugen der Kompaktklasse wird …” „… Markt verfügbar. Bild 2: Einsatz von Materialen nach Anforderung und Fahrzeugklasse Bei der …”

P. Gamonal-Repiso, J.M. del-Mazo, M. Sánchez-Soto Surface quality: improving the quality perception of molded parts S. 193-204

„… technology a three-dimensional map of the surface can be built up. 2. Experimental Materials: The …” „… material used was a polypropylene with 5% talc (PP-TD5). This is a commercial injection-molding grade for …” „… material had a density of 0.93 g/cm3 (ISO 1183- 1/A) and a melt flow rate (230 ºC, 2.16 kg) of 16 g/10 min …”

A. Roch, A. Menrath, B. Schmid Two-component air-guide panel manufactured by co-molding and foaming using core-back technology S. 229-230

„… , hard-soft combination consisting of two different materials: a polypropylene as the hard and a …” „… are opened by core-back technology. Due to this a pressure drop occurs making the material expand in …” „… second cavity and co-molded with the rubber material along the edge in a single process using only one …”

G. Huber Tinuvin® 880 – novel light stabilizer for automotive interiorapplications S. 163-166

„… grades To meet the ever-increasing standards for automotive PP/TPOs (the materials of choice in …” „… : Plaques made of a typical automotive PP/TPO for use in interior applications. The left-hand material is …” „… ® 880. It is can be clearly seen that after about half a year of aging the left-hand material exhibits …”

C. Bauernfeind, E. Blees Leichte Masse mit Klasse – Heckschürze aus Polyurethan mit äußerst geringer Dichte S. 95-104

„… Entwicklung der Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen, ehemals Bayer MaterialScience, die in enger …” „… bildet das Material im Kontakt mit dem Werkzeug eine dünne Haut. Die Oberfläche ist daher frei von …” „… Porsche. Bild 3, 4: REM Polytec 98 Der hohe Füllstoffgehalt des neuen Materials führte zu …”

J. Gómez-Monterde, J. Hain, M. Ll. Maspoch Characterization of microcellular plastics for weight reduction in automotive interior parts S. 167-180

„… Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Abstract The present work deals with foaming plastic materials in …” „… conventional materials with lighter ones. Nowadays, plastic materials represent around 18% of the overall …” „… only partially in defined areas of interest. 3. Materials and methods - Material. A 20 …”

M. Steinbach, J. Maier Methodische Weiterentwicklung der Gewichtsreduzierung von Verkleidungsteilen im Fahrzeuginnenraum – Gegenwärtige und zukünftige Möglichkeiten aus Sicht eines Fahrzeugherstellers S. 21-34

„… möglichst ausgewogene Balance zwischen Gewicht, Material, Prozess und Kosten herzustellen. Anforderungen …” „… berücksichtigen: - Gewicht, - Material, - Oberflächenqualität, - zur Verfügung stehende Fertigungsverfahren …” „… . Bei solchen Bauteilen ist allerdings zu beachten, dass eine sorgfältige Material- und …”

J. Götzelmann, P. Diehl Stoßfänger in Dünnwandtechnologie – ein Update zu Werkstoffen, Verfahren und Technologie-Innovationen S. 77-92

„… . Alle Materialhersteller, der in Frage kommenden PP-Typen, wurden auf deren Materialvorschläge …” „… Materialfreigaben existieren oder entsprechende Materialentwicklungen zur Erfüllung der Forderungen eines …” „… andere Materialien für Stoßfänger zum Einsatz kommen, wurden in der Materialauswahl auch amerikanische …”

D. Häffelin Innovativer Verarbeitungsprozess thermoplastischer Composites für Porsche Panamera Bremspedal – Endlosfasertechnologie für Sicherheitsbauteile im Fahrzeug S. 125-138

„… Material eine höhere spezifische Steifigkeit/Festigkeit auf, deformiert ein daraus hergestelltes Bauteil …” „… überwiegend von der Faserarchitektur gesteuert. Soll das Material (quasi-) isotrope mechanische …” „… ) verarbeitet, so weist das dabei entstehende Material eine starke Richtungsabhängigkeit auf, das Material ist …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XI

„… VDI-Gesellschaft Materials Engineering Kunststoffe im Automobilbau © VDI Verlag GmbH · Düsseldorf 2017 Alle …” „… Tankdeckel-Scharnierarms mit Recycling-Material M. Thurmeier, M.Eng., C. Horbas, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) F. Wagner, AUDI AG …” „… , M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. N. Andricevic, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach 215 Use Case FVK im Materials Data …”

J. Guenther, D. Malecha, J. Reinicke Neue Oberflächen und Anforderungen an die Anwendung von bestehenden Testmethoden S. 45-58

„… Material Es besteht die Möglichkeit unterschiedliche Schichtdicken im Polyurethan- Beschichtungsprozess …” „… niederviskoses Material. Hierdurch muss bei der Werkzeugauslegung besonders auf eine ausreichende, 48 jedoch …” „… als bestanden gilt, ist abhängig von Material, dem Bauteil selbst, der Position im Fahrzeug und der …”

Ansgar Hoffmann Grüner wird´s nicht! Nachhaltig, ökonomisch, sicher: Technische Rezyklate für die Automobilindustrie S. 159-162

„… Material (Mahlgut) Basis zu stellen. So kann man zum Beispiel für Teile im nichtsichtbaren Bereich die …” „… Material zum Einsatz kommen kann! 4. Über die Hoffmann + Voss GmbH Die HOFFMANN + VOSS GmbH ist ein …”

H. Hauke, J. Horstmann Leichtbauträgersystem für den Luftfilter des Mercedes-Benz Actros S. 345-364

„… Leistungsversprechen vereint high-end Materialien und high-end Engineering Fachwissen in bester Form Material …” „… direkt am Bauteil angespritzt. Dies dient ebenfalls der Reduzierung von Material- und Montagekosten …” „… • Materialwahl • Simulation • Konstruktion • Kunststoffdirektverschraubung • Bestätigung / Versuch …”

G. Kalkoffen Carbon-Leichtbau: Leichter und günstiger als Stahl – Gesamtheitliche Betrachtung von Leichtbaupotential & Prozesskosten von CFK S. 275-276

„… Konzeptphase, so dass Material- und Verfahrenskosten ebenso optimiert werden, wie Gewicht und Festigkeit. Die …”

O. Mende Der Unterboden – Ein unterschätzter Beitrag zur CO2-Reduzierung S. 59-76

„… Material funktioniert an jeder Stelle für jeden Einsatzzweck optimal. In Abhängigkeit der …” „… niederhalterlosen Tiefziehen in der Blechteilfertigung sehr ähnlich. Beim Touran wird dieses Material für die …” „… Fahrzeugunterbodens und wie man diese mittels eines Materialbaukastens anforderungsgerecht realisieren kann. Dabei …”

J. Stimpfl, J. Asbeck Innovativer Leichtbau für leichte Nutzfahrzeuge am Beispiel der GFK-Blattzugfeder S. 375-382

„… herstellen - Kontinuierliche Herstellung - Hohe Q-Standards Herstellprozess von OEM auditiert Material …” „… der Oberfläche, durch Materialschrumpf oder Dehnungsunterschiede, beim Aushärten vermieden. Insgesamt …”

R. Kurz, S. Hobelsberger, H. Auer Instrumententafel Nähkleid-Kaschierung – Vom diskontinuierlichen zum kontinuierlichen Prozess S. 13-20

„… Laufe der Jahre ist es zunehmend gelungen, mit der Anmutung von unterschiedlichen Materialen Emotionen …” „… . Ebenso standen neue Materialien, neue Optik und exklusivere Haptik im Vordergrund der letzten Jahre …”

G. Prautzsch, T. Stier, T. Coeln Elektrochemische Korrosion und Ihre Vermeidung mit Polyamiden S. 241-258

„… und 85%rel.F. für 1000 Stunden). Neben den Ausfällen infolge von weg-korrodiertem Material kommt es …”

R. Korn, T. Reußmann 3-D Direktablage von Verstärkungsfasern im Faserblasverfahren – Stand der Technik bei der Naturfaserverarbeitung S. 149-158

„… optimale Verdichtung des Materials ist hierbei eine genaue Abstimmung zwischen der Flächenmasse des …” „… Bauteilgewichtes, Integration von Verstärkungselementen und Anbauteilen sowie Einsparung von Materialkosten bei …” „… Materialzusammensetzung Werkzeug- und Formenbau konturgenaue 3D-Ablage in der Einblasstation schneller Transfer …”

P. Hörmann, K. Bornemann, F. Flueggen, H. Herten, V. Hohm, T. Ströhlein Leichtbau bei Volkswagen – Über die duroplastische Pultrusion zur großserienfähigen Herstellung faserverstärkter Kunststoffe für einen Lastpfad in der Türstruktur S. 205-214

„… Herstelltechnologien. 213 6. Bibliographie [1] VDI-Gesellschaft Material Engineering, Werkstoffinnovationen für …” „… unterschiedlicher Materialien und deren Eigenschaften ermöglicht [1]. Die Vorteile und Nachteile der …” „… niedrige Dichte besitzen faserverstärkte Kunststoffe in Faserrichtung überlegene Materialeigenschaften …”

A. Liebsch, R. Kupfer, M. Gude, P. Müller, N. Andricevic Hohlprofile, Organobleche und LFT-Knoten – Hybridbauteile aus Faserkunststoffverbunden für die automobile Serienproduktion S. 215-226

„… einheitlichen Durchmesser von 3 mm. Als Material wurde in Anlehnung an eine grobkörnige Kiesschüttung …” „… Materialkennwerte wurden [11] entnommen. Bild 9 zeigt die Ergebnisse dieser Berechnungen, wobei deutlich wird, dass …”

J. Reddemann, H. Seifert Energieeffiziente Herstellung von Thermoplast-CFK Bauteilen im einstufigen Direktverfahren S. 139-148

„… Herstellungskosten durch lange Zykluszeiten und energieintensive Prozessrouten sowie ein hoher Materialpreis für …” „… Neue Materialien Fürth GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Lehrstuhl für Kunststofftechnik an der …” „… . Die Herstellung erfolgte auf einem Probekörperwerkzeug bei der Neue Materialien Fürth GmbH (siehe …”

H. Häberle High-Performance Polypropylene – hat PA 6 noch eine Zukunft? S. 231-240

„… Materialkostenreduktion aufgrund der geringeren Dichte wird durch einen in der Regel geringeren Kilopreis noch etwas …” „… . Entsprechend reduzieren sich auch die Materialeinsatzkosten. Die HP-PPs rennen also offene Türen ein. Die …” „… der Vergleich isolierter Materialkennwerte in die Irre führen kann und nicht aussagekräftig ist. Nach …”

J. Friedrich Innenraumkonzepte – Zukunftsrelevante Designentwicklungen von Fahrzeug-Interiors S. 271-272

„… authentische Materialien - variable/flexible Komponenten wie Lenkrad, Sitze, Mittelkonsole etc …” „… Veränderungen und Materialeinsparungen beobachtet werden. Das Design greift die Idee des “Light Weight Looks …”

C. Bauer, H. Häberle Kosteneffizienz durch Einsatz von UV-stabilen Kunststoffen in dynamisch und statisch höchstbelasteten Bauteilen S. 329-344

„… erreicht. Zum einen durch die Materialkosteneinsparung aufgrund geringerer relativer Materialkosten von ASA …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783182443476

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

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B.-R. Hohn Roller pairings with lubricants impregnated sintered materials S. 9-14

„… Roller pairings with lubricants impregnated sintered materialsResults of …”

N. Blech, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, C. Guntner, S. Schurer Material influence on mechanical properties of gears with alternative microstructures S. 265-280

„… Material influence on mechanical properties of gears with alternative microstructures N. Blech, T …” „… with low proportion of retained austenite, there were investigated material structures with differing …” „… material 20MnCr5, which is typically used for gears, were presented. The reference heat treatment was a …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… Investigation of the Failure Mechanisms of Plastic Materials with and without Fiber Reinforcement …” „… lightweight, cheap in production and often made of recyclable materials. However, the load carrying capacity …” „… limited to certain environmental conditions, since the material properties are highly dependent on factors …”

T. Ohno, R. Greschert, J. Brimmers The influence of material roughness, hardness and lubricant additives on micropitting behaviour of gears S. 621-636

„… The Influence of Material Roughness, Hardness and Lubricant Additives on Micropitting Behaviour of …” „… machining, and finally the target roughness was achieved by grinding. Table 1: Test gears Material 20MnCr5 …” „… obtained showing the influence of material roughness, hardness, and lubricants on the micropitting of gears …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin, A. Pogačnik Dimensional stability of moulded polymer gears under various environmental conditions S. 1061-1070

„… , materials experience a decrease of the mechanical properties (lower elasticity modulus, tensile strength …” „… , etc.). Additionally, the material also undergoes dimensional changes – the volume of the material …” „… different environmental conditions was conducted for gears moulded from various polymer materials (POM, PA66 …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… available only for a small number of materials (POM, PA66, …). In 1996, the VDI 2545 was withdrawn. In …” „… improvements were made in the wear calculation and in the material properties measurement methodology, but some …” „… . 2389, 2022 1149for more materials should be documented, more wear factors should be available, effect …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… successful implementation of plastic gears does not only mean to replace metal materials with a plastic ones …” „… , but it involves a deep study of the interactions between materials, specific gear body design and …” „… regarding to the right material, the right gear body design and the right tooth design are widely presented …”

D. Sackmann, T. Husemann, B. Karpuschewski The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the barkhausen noise signal S. 695-706

„… Karpuschewski, Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Bremen Abstract Disturbances occurring during …” „… , a wide variation of the specific material removal rate Q’W was done during rough grinding. It is …” „… negatively influenced material region cannot be completely compensated. As a result, the influencing factors …”

K. Yanagisawa, A. Weinmann Weight and cost reduction potentials with high performance polymers for gears S. 1019-1032

„… air conditioning systems enables a 40 percent weight reduc-tion compared to conventional materials The …” „… dimensional stability of PA9T over a wide temperature range enables to substitute underperforming materials PA …” „… guide us to the main subject of this presentation the backlash. Finally, we will show a new material …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… materialsMaterial Vestakeep 5000G Vestakeep 4000CF30Young´s modulus at 23°C in N/mm2 3515 23000Poisson´s ratio 0.41 …” „… conventional steel materials, however, the material properties of thermoplastics differ fun-damentally. In …” „… particular, the high temperature dependence of the material properties and the lower strength pose challenges …”

S. A. Bohme, J. Keski-Rahkonen, T. Komssi A standardizable approach to tooth flank fracture S. 371-388

„… surface-parallel ma-terial planes, yielding a standardizable approach for the study of tooth flank fracture in …” „… combines the previously published findings on the material properties ofcarburized CrNiMo steels [1], the …” „… non-proportional, multiaxial stress state in a material depth that is characterizedby locally changing constitutive …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… fatigue testing for three 18CrNiMo7-6 steels with different performance levels. The material investigation …” „… to standard, high-performance (ISO 6336-5 ME quality) to High performance ingot casted material will …” „… variability in material performance, putting higher demands on steel performance. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… , Garching; Stefanie Hoja, Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering (IWT), Bremen; Stefan Schurer, Gear …” „… hardening depth of NHD ≈ 0.8 to 1.0 mm (deep nitriding heat treatment) made out of the materials 31CrMoV9 …” „… diffusion layer which reaches more deeply into the material. Nitrided gears are especially resistant to …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… . Adnan Hasanovic, DSM Engineering Materials Research and Technology B.V., Geleen, Netherlands Abstract …” „… analysis, including the local fiber orientation in combination with the intrinsic material behavior, is …” „… originally started back in the early 20th century as a coal mining company. Nowadays DSM is a global material …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… tests were conducted with case-hardened gears of materials 16MnCr5 and 18CrNiMo7-6 to investigate the …” „… influence of the material on the results of the micropitting test. Additionally, the influence of test gears …” „… according to FVA 54/7 with standard test gears made of 16MnCr5 can be applied to gears with the material …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… variants, different grindings zones are applied resulting in light and strong material removal by grinding …” „… to a heat treatment process in order to meet the high requirements in terms of material strength. To …” „… depending on the gear design, the material, and the process parameters. For case-hardened gears, these …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… lubricant chemistries are applied, for which compatibility of the worm gear material must be ensured. Two …” „… increased mechanical and abrasion strength are far more important. The state-of-the-art material used for …” „… having different oil conditions in the gear set (b) [16] 3. Requirements for copper materials for worm …”

S. Reitschuster, C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains S. 1181-1196

„… polymer and steel materials. Therefore, modifications were applied to a series transmission to ensure …” „… climate change, the low material density of polymers offers great lightweight con-struction potential …” „… temperature dependence of the material properties leads to limited operating temperatures in applications …”

M. Matzke, A. Elter Ensuring reliable grease service life in high temperature plastic gears S. 1249-1256

„… materialsVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1249ScopeGrease Service Life in High-Temperature Plastic GearsPart 1: New method …” „… materialsPart 1: New method for quantitative estimation of thermo-oxidative grease service lifeVDI-Berichte Nr …” „… , 145 °C, 160 °C Double measurement for each temperature and contact materialGrease sample at DIN …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… . The scuffing temperature is a characteristic parameter of a material-lubricant-system of a gear pair …” „… Abstract Worm gears with wheels of harder materials, such as cast iron or steel, are often prone to the …” „… relatively soft material, such as bronze. To allow the use of smaller and lighter drives with simultaneously …”

M. Steinbacher, T. Boyraz, R. Fechte-Heinen, G. Hellenbrand Heat treatment development for the new steel grade X20NiCrAlMoV6-5-2-1 for high performance gear wheel application S. 891-902

„… expectations new approaches are to be developed for future gear wheel materials.ApproachVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389 …” „… addressed for this specific material.Although the resulting hardness of about 55 to 56 HRC is already very …” „… nitriding treatment which in combination has fostered an over aged state of the material.Fig. 2: Results of …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… to assess the local material strength. This paper gives an overview of the methodology and provides …” „… compare the local stress history experienced by a material point with its local strength properties …” „… obtained by measurement. Given the full local stress state at each material point, a multiaxial fatigue …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… development is still creating new materials and fillers. The applications that use these gears have increased …” „… , especially with a new plastic material. To define the characteristics of the behavior of plastic gears, it is …” „… (hobbing or shaping) and material characteristics (case or through hardening steels). For plastic gears …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… in a gear application. However, the integration of this material into the automotive high-speed …” „… gear parameters. PEEK is a difficult material to print due to its high melting temperature. An …” „… the material onyx, which is structurally weaker but easier to print, was able to confirm the influence …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… describes the material-specific resistance to abrasive wear and is higher the more energy must be …” „… multiphysical modeling approach for the gears was developed. In the presented study, the nonlinear material …” „… investigated in [7] and [8]. Furthermore, the material description for thermoplastics with or without fibre …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… requirements and to fully exploit the potential of thermoplastic materials, solid knowledge of material …” „… replacement. The considerable differences between the material properties of metallic gears and those of gears …” „… plastic gears. Since material properties such as elasticity and strength are highly temperature dependent …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae High-speed measurement of hardness distribution with X-ray diffraction S. 1553-1568

„… find local defect of the steel material, and also for checking Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction and Debye …” „… case of troublesome steel material, and the analysis of the diffracted X-ray is usually carried out …” „… therefore necessary to make the transforming relation for each kind of material to be measured. If a man …”

M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Sustainable gear manufacturing – Potential and challenges S. 1395-1396

„… GrindingPortion material removal / %Portion CO2e-emissions / %0255075100(turned from bar material)Geared shaft for …” „… e-emissions / %02550751 0(turned from bar material)Geared shaft for e-mobility Potentialmaterial …” „… should take place in all phases of the product life cycle, from gear design, material extraction, gear …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… descrip-tion of the contact conditions between tool and workpiece. Material properties, cutting speed, cutting …” „… were usually limited to the interaction of only one tooth with the workpiece material. To evaluate the …” „… and rake face temperatures are obtained from the simulation based on the work-piece material behavior …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… . However, due to the lower mechanical performance of polymer materials compared to traditional gear …” „… materials, i.e., metals, the lifetime of polymer gears is one of their key disadvantages. Moreover, there …” „… variety of fibres, typically glass or carbon, which yields to an even greater variety of materials …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1345includes the development of a suitable cooling strategy, material development …” „… dependent on determining the safety factor against scuffing of the proposed material according to the …” „… manufacture such a gear, interdisciplinary knowledge is needed (Fig. 1). When selecting a new material to be …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… composites have so far received little attention as a potential material for gear drive applications. In the …” „… . 1. Introduction The use of composite materials extends to dynamically loaded applications, such as …” „… wear. These materials have high strength, an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and good corrosion …”

P. Barreiro, S. Pfrimmer, G. Armutcu, J. Hermes Quality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing S. 1429-1446

„… . Improved material properties lead to higher strength and better gear performance. Despite die casting being …” „… material chosen was the tool steel 1.2709 (X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5). The die was printed and machined to its final …” „… dimensions using this material. Finally, the die casting mold was assembled and 15,000 casting rounds were …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… addition, cBN grain offers potential for high material removal rates while maintaining high gear quality …” „… specific material removal V'w. The total profile deviations Fα are almost consistently within quality grade …” „… IT 3 over the entire specific material removal V’w. The total lead deviation Fβ shows an increased …”

B. Winter Design of manufacturing cells in the light of improvements in manufacturing technology and automation S. 1411-1414

„… automation performance. As a result the material-handling within the cell needs a new process and the loading …” „… manually between material-bins and production machines, the approach in new factories is the full …” „… production-cells is the manipulation of material. While in usual manufacturing systems the parts are often handled …”

P. Abele, J. Hermes, J. Lechner Development of a digital ecosystem for a servo planetary gear unit system to provide design automation opportunities S. 1503-1516

„… assembly creation of submodule 1 ITEM ID Designation Material-No. Amount 0100 Planet carrier 12345678 1 …” „… Designation Material-No. Amount 0900 Adapter shaft 23456790 1 0922 Adapter housing 23456791 1 … … … … 0981 Cap …” „… template for three-dimensional CAD model of turned parts Part number Designation Material Dimension 1 …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… machine: CemeCon CC800/9 Custom) at the Leibnitz Institute for Materials-Oriented Technologies (IWT) in …” „… contact [5] Another approach to reducing thermal stress in rolling contact is to select a base material …” „… applications in rolling bearings, ceramic materials exhibit high thermal resistance and a VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389 …”

D. Linsler, J. Hamann, M. Scherge Online high resolution wear measurement – a powerful tool for the analysis of initial stages of pitting S. 957-958

„… Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM), Karlsruhe, Germany Micropitting can significantly reduce the …” „… the relevant volume for wear and micropitting initiation [2]. The loss of this material during gear …” „… of lubricants, surface finishes, materials and coatings on the performance of gears. [1] Liu et al …”

P. Tenberge, R. Uelpenich, P. Dong, R. He Very fast tooth root optimization – general tool geometry for much smaller tooth root stresses S. 457-468

„… material. For this purpose, a mesh generator creates an FE mesh. For some mesh nodes, displacements are …” „… the profile shift.Fig. 4: Simulation of the hobbing processVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022460The material …” „… hobbing simulation starts in the relative position 2 (Fig. 4) between tool and material volume. Here, all …”

A. Gebhard, W. Kassem, M. Oehler Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear of plastic gears S. 1133-1148

„… on material properties, the high level of viscoelasticity and creep as well as the limited …” „… numerical simulation and material selection. Therefore, as a part of the FVA project 856 I (“Design of …” „… temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer that was adjusted to the ring material’s emission …”

I. Hong, Z. Teaford, A. Kahraman A comparison of gear tooth bending fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests S. 45-74

„… this behavior may be somewhat material/processing related as well. Both initiation types have been …” „… of experimental material fatigue data. Due to the uncertainty of these models, gear designers still …” „… originate from non-metallic inclusions such as sulfides, oxides and silicates or from voids in the material …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Improved method for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 31-44

„… possible use of the available material. Normally, the fatigue strength is only applied in the case of …” „… lies depends, among other things, on the material, heat treatment and surface treatment. The load …” „… the fatigue strength behaviour of the material. Within this method, tests are carried out at only two …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Consideration of micro-interaction in the modeling of generating gear grinding processes S. 1517-1528

„… In grinding, the interaction between workpiece material and abrasive tool rotating at high speed …” „… , workpiece material properties deteriorate. To prevent the material deterioration, several models for …” „… wheel, the gear material and the chip. Such an approach has the advantage of enabling the use of heat …”

C. Li, B. Peng, Y. Luo Research on indexing error of gear with few teeth in rolling process S. 445-456

„… studied the influence of the size, shape and material of the rolling tool on the forming quality of the …” „… the tooth top fillet of rolling tool and the axial flow of the material are not taken into considered …” „… materials. There is very small deformation between plates, rolling tools and mandrel, which are set as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… lubricants impregnated sintered materials 9B.-R. Höhn, Gear …” „… , Sensitec GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany;R. Slatter, ITK Dr. Kassen GmbH, Lahnau, Germany f Gear strengthMaterial …” „… , Università di Torino, Torino, ItalyThe influence of material roughness, hardness and lubricant additives on …”

L. Becker, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Optimized crossed helical gearboxes using non-involute transverse sections S. 1197-1208

„… materials enables more gear applications with steel wheels to be replaced with plastic wheels. The …” „… to research on new materials, the effectiveness of a gear can also be improved by optimizing the …” „… consideration have the same size, material and load. Only the flank contour is adapted with as few adjustments …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… even more when machining quenched and tempered high-strength materials. In this work, the influence of …” „… experiments the workpiece tensile strength, workpiece material (AISI 4340 and AISI 4140) as well as cooling …” „… decreases the material resistance against deformation in the shear zone. Ren et. al. showed in their …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… of materials, heat treatments and surface designs as well as lubricants and the entire tribological …” „… to basic research in the technology fields of materials, design, lubricants and tribology. The parts …” „… the material structure and lead to premature failure of the machine elements [9]. Some further …”

K. Daubach, M. Oehler, B. Sauer Wear simulation of worm gears based on an energetic approach S. 329-342

„… material combination is a bronze wheel and a hardened steel worm. The difference in hardness leads mainly …” „… dissipated as heat energy. A part of the friction energy is stored in the material as lattice defects caused …” „… of material, material fractures and wear particles form. The critical energy level is given by the …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… . In the Table 1. are listed geometry and material data of worm gear pair. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389 …” „… , 2022804 Fig. 2: CAD model of worm gear pair Table 1: Tooth geometry and material data of used worm gear …” „… operating diameter 36 mm 164 mm Wheel width 30 mm Material 16MnCr5 case-hardening CuSn12-G-GZ Young …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed machining with magnetically geared driven tools on rotatory milling machines S. 1415-1428

„… material is remagnetized, losses occur as a result of this process – called hysteresis losses. - Mechanical …” „… . Table 1 summarizes the results of the different geometries and materials. Two main different geometries …” „… of torque due to reduced magnet material is countered by a gain in torque due to larger diameters on …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… increase in crystallinity and spherulite size the material strength [20], stiffness [21] and wear …” „… gear test rig. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 11013. Materials and methods 3.1. Materials and specimens …” „… 1. The chosen material, Ultramid A3K, a PA 66 by BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany, is often used in …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… mechanical and wear properties. This is true despite improved polymer materials with fillers improving …” „… energy loss, can be attributed to the meshing gear pair flank load, to the friction coefficient (material …” „… gear material. Main failure mechanisms of the polymer gears resemble that of metal gears (bending …”

P. Mahendra Rao, S. Foletti, L. Bonaiti, C. Gorla, S. Beretta, F. Concli Mode III threshold under rolling contact fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet gears S. 499-510

„… gear material is an aerospace-grade high speed bearing steel, while the bearing components in the …” „… an elastic shakedown state at the mesoscopic scale. ? is a material parameter, calibrated with two …” „… depths, starting from the surface, and then moving radially deeper into the material away from the …”

J.-A. Meis, M. Walkowiak Influence of case hardness depth on tooth interior fatigue fracture S. 863-874

„… fatigue strength of metallic materials. Theses equations were used within a Monte-Carlo framework, where …” „… according to Murakami [4]. In these equations the alternating endurance strength of a metallic material is …” „… geometry, material quality and the heat treatment process to ensure the necessary strength at lowest costs …”

T. Matsumura, K. Mioki, M. Kada, R. Okuizumi, A. Pogačnik Improved calculation methodology for the prediction of tooth temperature of plastic gears S. 1237-1248

„… calculation method also to different material combinations. 1. Introduction The VDI 2736-2 guideline [1 …” „… gear specifications Parameter z54 z23 z14 Material DURACON® POM M90-44 Normal module (mm) 1.0 Number of …” „… the material. The actual surface temperature was input directly to the surface of the mesh model as …”

G. Klein New chamfer cutting solutions for cylindrical gears: gaining productivity and flexibility S. 1397-1410

„… , especially with edge load situations, material can break off and hardened particles can reduce transmission …” „… material accumulation or steps in the root when chamfering the root. A specially developed simulation …” „… chamfer quality expectations. Fig. 9: Chamfer hobs for left and right flank Chamfer hob materials and …”

M. Weigand Smart and intelligent chip detectors using machine learning to monitor wear particles and dangerous degradation of critical powertrain components S. 995-998

„… material or not. A chip coming from hard material would indicate the deterioration of a gear of bearing …”

L. Bonaiti, F. Rosa, P. Mahendra Rao, C. Gorla, F. Concli Gear root bending strength: statistical treatment of single tooth bending fatigue tests results S. 15-30

„… . Data of several typical materials are present within the standards (e.g. [2], [3]). Both ISO 6336-3 [1 …” „… describes general gear material properties, and it is reasonable to assume that certain gear will show a …” „… Gears, Part 5: Strength and quality of materials,” Int. Stand. Organ. Geneva, 2006. [4] M. Hein, M …”

A. Mihailidis, A. Psarros, I. Nerantzis FE tooth contact analysis of crossed helical gear drives considering misalignments and deviations S. 597-608

„… efficient and low-cost production. The stiffness difference of the two materials should be considered at the …” „… [-] -0.7004 0.96 Tip diameter da [mm] 18.632 53.865 Face width b [mm] 24.1 15 Material [-] Steel POM Helix …” „… the elastic modulus of the worm and gear materials. Fig. 8: Deformed (scale factor: 5) and …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… velocities, the tooth tip scuffs preferentially, resulting in a heavily roughened surface. Material of the …” „… is no material transfer between the mating gears. In the tooth root region scuffing marks are visible …” „… orientated in negative sliding direction. There is a material removal of about 6 µm from the unworn surface …”

K. Lubke, H. Rohr Quality inspection of common step gearings – Overview of different types and their assessment S. 959-968

„… material in the range of 10 µm to 30 µm. Therefore, the cylindrical roll has a tight fit in the track …” „… material the lower flank leads to a positive deviation, while the upper flank has a negative deviation. Fig …” „… defined paste thickness of 10 µm higher negative material to the nominal surface can be visualized as …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… and finishing are shown, as well as respective material removal rate Q. This process parameters setup …” „… internal generating gear grinding. The target material removable rate Q in the trials was set as 48mm3/sec …” „… = 1,25 mm αn = 20 x = 0,3 z = 85 da = 111,17 mm b = 30 mm β = 20 df = 116,92 mm Material JIS SCR415 …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… properties, such as the material structure, also change in addition to the surface topography. The influence …” „… wire-eroded surfaces although the material and heat treatment of the test parts were the same. This means …” „… material of the test parts and the testing parameters including the lubricant are the same. Thus, the …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… planets in turbo gearbox applications. In order to generate appropriate material data for highly loaded …” „… , 20224862 State of the Art In the following the material behavior and the occurrence of tooth root breakages …” „… load cycles), considering current case-hardened gear materials, is usually caused by imperfections in …”

R. Jaeger, C. Koplin, B. Schluter Lubricated polymer-steel-systems: influence of the surface and interfacial energies of frictional partners on their tribological performance S. 1223-1236

„… . Bernadette Schlüter, Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg Abstract The effect of …” „… polymers are so-called “low-carbon-materials”), and in particular in tribological applications polymers …” „… . 2389, 20221224Materials and Methods Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) (PEEK450sf obtained from Ensinger …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… Abstract One of the main cost drivers in mechanical engineering is material. In order to reduce costs, but …” „… weight has become one of the key quality criteria. However, saving material usually also leads to lower …” „… design complexity. To further increase the power density, material can be reduced in particular in the …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… distributions. For this calculation pressure and speed distribution, lubrication and material properties as well …” „… on how the single parts are connected. Further influencing factors are geometry and material of the …” „… sliding friction losses. Rolling friction losses: Rolling friction covers material deformation hysteresis …”

E. Lamaj, J. Blomeke, F. Rudolph, J. Hermes A comprehensive, fully parametrized calculation model for improved helical-hypoid gearbox efficiency S. 825-836

„… material and quality of all machine elements. For a complete modular system of gearboxes, this task is very …” „… properties, external forces have to be considered. For gear units made of multiple materials, the influence …” „… including housing stiffness, materials, tempera-ture, lubrication, bearing clearance and rolling element …”

M. Weigand, C. Gachot Improved rotorcraft drivetrain safety and related research with special focus on improved lubricants for rotorcraft transmissions S. 561-572

„… accompanying Guidance Material (AMC – Acceptable of Compliance, AC – Advisory Circular etc.). This ensures on …” „… 3D materials as well as advanced surface structures for improved lubrication: Fig. 8 …”

K. Kumagai, H. Liu, S. Kurokawa Improving pitting durability by introducing the non-linear wear propagation property of helical gears S. 317-328

„… gear pair. VI. is compared with the material criterion, , of wear initiation. If exceeds , the …” „… cell, and when contact stress exceeds the criterion of the material to cause wear, the cells toward …” „… removed when tooth surface load exceeds the criterion of the material to cause wear. (2) Based on the …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… material but undefined shape called KXMA16. The high frictional energy input generated by the interaction …” „… validated by several previous investigations regarding root strength improvements based on the same material …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… of the measurement results. For the scanning process the choice of the probe ball material is …” „… decisive, since with some materials, including ruby, erosion occurs after a number of calibrations that …” „… will affect the roundness of the balls. The extent of this wear depends on the material pairing, the …”

C. Gosselin, B. Leitz Tooth deburring and chamfering: a general approach for 5axis CnC manufacturing S. 1383-1394

„… process of removing remaining material burrs caused by the cutting process, for example Face Milling of …” „… spiral-bevel or Coniflex straight-bevel gears, chamfering is the process of removing material along a tooth …”

I. Moriwaki, K. Tatsuoka, K. Kobayashi, W. Nakamoto, D. Iba, A. Ueda Load-capacity evaluation of polyacetal (POM) internal gears according to JIS B 1759:2016 S. 1161-1172

„… internal-gear material from steel to plastics could cause considerable weight reduction. In steel internal-gear …” „… Flimσ is a permissible bending stress of plastics as gear material, and NTY , θY , ΔθY , LY, and MY …”

F. Mieth, C. Ulrich, B. Schlecht Stress calculation on bevel gears with FEM influence vectors S. 585-596

„… . Several examples will show the impact that material connections at the pinion heel and the influence of …” „… from the hardness ( ). This approach is related to Bauer [10] but neglects the proposed material …”

L. Ryali, D. Talbot Dynamic load distribution of planetary gear sets subject to both internal and external excitations S. 389-408

„… effects, magnetic circuits topology and material nonlinearity in the motor, and time-varying mesh …” „… , A., “Finite Elements Contact Modelling of Planetary Gear Trains,” IOP Conference Series: Materials …” „… Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 576, p. 12013, 2019. [23] Bai, W., Qin, D., Wang, Y …”

L. Maccioni, F. Concli, C. Paschold A Novel Concept of Nested Cycloidal Speed Reducer S. 969-984

„… Addendum modification coefficient Pinion x1 - 0.182 0.1500 0.1523 Wheel x2 - 0.172 0.1035 0.009 Material …” „… Trains. Applied Mechanics and Materials 86, S. 415–418 (2011). [3] Durand de Gevigney, J.; Changenet, C …”

S. Ebrahimi, J. Langhart, D. Marano NVH calculations for drivetrains, a methodology for selection of the best suitable calculation approach for a specific purpose S. 75-90

„… transmission. The material damping of the flexible shafts in the torsional, axial and bending directions is …” „… loss factor, C is the sound velocity, ρ is the density of a target material which transfers the noise …”

A. Hilligardt, J. Klose, V. Schulze A new method for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving S. 1305-1318

„… . Validation and examples As part of the investigation of gear skiving of tempered materials, an off-centered …” „… , Vol. 97, pp. 1-11, 2016 [7] Linke, H.; Börner, J.; Heß R.: CYLINDRICAL GEARS. Calculation – Materials …”

S. Bill Efficiency improvement and surface protection by using particle-based phyllosilicate-additive S. 935-942

„… lower local pressure. Additionally, due to the special layered material structure the particles can be …”

F. Eigner, S. Heinrich, M. Berger An approach on contact analysis for micro geometry optimization of the gear unit HypoGear S. 943-950

„… example, and most commonly, this removes material so that there is clearance for tolerance compensation …”

M. Furst, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Automation of gearbox design S. 787-802

„… fatigue of shaft ?D,min 1.5 against yield of shaft ?F,min 1.5 against crack of shaft ?A,min 1.5 Materials …” „… cut into the shaft in this variant. In the design, the specified gear material with lower yield …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, F. Mieth Design, strength calculation by ISO10300 and loaded TCA of forged differential bevel gears S. 157-170

„… gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials. Second edition 2011-11-22 [6] FVA Project No. 777 III …”

B. James Developing a digital thread linking gear design to manufacturing simulation and metrology S. 185-196

„… material. The next stage was to manufacture the gear, measure the resulting geometry and compare to the …”

Y. Koch, G. Martin, E. Kirchner, D. Quirnheim Pais, R. Slatter Feasibility study of measuring instantaneous angular speed of helical gears with magnetoresistive sensors S. 253-264

„… describes the change in resistance of a material when a magnetic field is applied [14]. To evaluate the …”

J. J. Zhang, Prof. Y. M. Hu, X. X Luan, Z. S. Zhang Research on the effectiveness of roelands formula with constant VPC in EHL of higher pair contact S. 119-132

„… , viscosity and other property parameters in the local fluid model were set in the ADFUSR material model …”

X. Tian, L. Zhou, J. Han, L. Xia Research on tooth flank twist compensation of continuous generating grinding gear based on flexible electronic gearbox S. 1005-1018

„… on Optimal Transmission Performance[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, 2018. [3 …”

J. Hochrein, M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Direct flank geometry calculation for face gears S. 1447-1460

„… material from the already finished flank. Li approximates the face gear flank as several sequentially …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… , raw material consumption and environmental friendliness. The industry is constantly forced to develop …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… tooth profile. In: International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 11:11 (2016), pp. 1–9 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2017

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4348 2017

Results in this title

R. Schlimper, M. Zscheyge, P. Michel FRP in the Materials Data Space, digitization of material competence as a supplement to Industry 4.0 S. 227-228

„… FRP in the Materials Data Space, digitization of material competence as a supplement to Industry …” „… for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale) Abstract The Materials …” „… Data Space provides digital data about materials across all companies along the entire value chain …”

C. Bauernfeind, E. Blees Lightweight material with class – Rear apron made of extremely low density polyurethane S. 93-100

„… Bayflex® Lightweight is a development of Covestro Germany AG, Leverkusen (formerly Bayer MaterialScience …” „… Lightweight material with class Rear apron made of extremely low density polyurethane …” „… the development partners involved. This new materials technology can successfully demonstrate its full …”

M. Thurmeier, C. Horbas, F. Wagner P. Diehl Development of a filler-cap hinge made of recycling material S. 91-92

„… Development of a filler-cap hinge made of recycling material M. Thurmeier, M.Eng., C. Horbas …” „… being added. This means more and more requirements applicable to the material. This is described below …” „… material is required which will be able to compensate for the higher forces arising from the larger …”

J. Götzelmann Bumper in thin-wall technology: an update regarding materials, processes, and technology innovations S. 75-90

„… Bumper in thin-wall technology: an update regarding materials, processes, and technology …” „… . The focus here is on injection-molding technology with straightforward processing of materials and on …” „… reason why the material had to be further developed in order to improve flowability while still …”

T. van den Einden, Klaus Menke The use of an alternative material for engine encapsulation for Trucks S. 271-278

M. Franzen, G. Oberhofer, R. Schwarzer Improved crash simulation of endless-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics – organic sheets S. 109-120

„… weight reduction in the automotive area. However these materials feature a very complex mechanical …” „… behavior due to the use of relatively soft and ductile thermoplastic matrix material in combination with …” „… stiff and brittle endless fibers. Within the current crash simulation codes no suitable material …”

W. Schijve, G. Francato, R. Yaldiz True confidence in thermoplastic composite simulations for any automotive component S. 299-312

„… solution is to reduce the weight of a vehicle significantly. Composite materials can offer these weight …” „… UD or multi-axial laminates in combination with an overmolding process with LFT material. Besides …” „… for the more cost-efficient hybrid combinations of UD-tape-based laminates with overmolding material …”

M. Steinbach, J. Maier Methodological further development of weight reduction in vehicle interior trim parts – Current and future opportunities from an automaker's perspective S. 21-34

„… carriers in the case of 'enhanced' (laminated) components, the selection of materials, and the …” „… new construction and simulation methods but also by the use of new technologies and materials. In …” „… reduction depending on the material families In areas of the vehicle which primarily function with metal …”

A. Hoffmann It doesn't get greener than this! – Sustainable, economical, safe: engineering recyclates for the automotive industry S. 157-160

„… is rigorously pursued virgin material can in many cases be replaced by recompounds. This brings all …” „… kinds of benefits: recompounds are usually cheaper than virgin material, valuable resources are saved …” „… Ordinance requires that more recycled material is used in order to prevent waste. As far as quality is …”

R. Apfelbeck, S. Müller Application of organo-sheets in underbody components: cost- and weight-optimized off-road package S. 245-256

„… packages. This component relies on an intelligent mix of materials. Fig. 1: The new Audi Q7 – comfort …” „… and function of an underfloor panel In vehicle development the material polypropylene (PP) has become …” „… established in the underbody area. How this material is processed and how it is used should be distinguished …”

E. Spini, A. Bernasconi A demonstrator for the experimental assessment of the through-process modeling of injection-molded parts made of short-fiber-reinforced polymers S. 179-190

„… characterization of the materials E. Spini, RadiciGroup Performance Plastics, Chignolo d'Isola (Bergamo …” „… weight requires materials which are capable of performing the same functions that only metals have been …” „… supports. In this context of change, producers of plastic materials for engineering uses have been …”

P. Hörmann, K. Bornemann, F. Flueggen, H. Herten, V. Hohm, T. Ströhlein Lightweight design at Volkswagen S. 203-214

„… pultrusion combines material-specific advantages with the unique differentiator of a robust, continuous and …” „… single-digit costs. It combines material-specific advantages with the unique feature of a robust, continuous …” „… the intelligent combination of different materials and their properties [1]. The advantages and …”

G. Prautzsch, T. Stier, T. Coeln Electrochemical corrosion and its prevention with polyamides S. 241-244

„… plastics. Virtually all engineering and even some renewable and compostable materials are processed …” „… are today basically made of polyamide materials. Other examples include terminal blocks in switchgear …” „… , firstly, the devices, then individual components, and finally the materials. In the home appliance …”

D. Häffelin Innovative processing of thermoplastic composites for the Porsche Panamera brake pedal – Continuous-fiber technology for safety components in the vehicle S. 121-134

„… material-specific characteristic values are available, draping in interaction with the influence of the mold can be …” „… material-appropriate geometry of the continuous-fiber portion does not end with successful conclusion of a draping …” „… fully automated manufacturing process for continuous-fiber materials for the production of …”

L. Jerpdal, J. Hain, O. Täger Lightweight design for increased payload: new ways using polymer composites and physical foaming S. 259-260

„… group of composite organo-sheets are self-reinforced polymer composites (SrPC), which are materials …” „… is, both poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). SrPC materials are ductile, have low density and good …” „… parts from organo-sheets overmolded with glass-reinforced composite material have been shown in the …”

M. Bakkal, O. Otuz, S. Doğru A new analytical calculation method for the injectionmolding process of a composite luggage rack holder S. 279-298

„… thermoplastic composite materials. This method considers the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical …” „… properties of composites and concludes with variouslastic modulus values of material in complicated part …” „… does isotropic analysis. 1. Introduction Polymer composite is the material which is spreading …”

S. Schmeer, D. Scheliga Industry-driven initiative to standardize continuous-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics for use in the automotive industry S. 321-322

„… , Kaiserslautern As is the case with other materials, the properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced …” „… composite materials. In some areas of relevance, there may not be any standards or industry-specific …” „… developed in the working group and then standardized. Here the focus in on material characterization …”

P. Gamonal-Repiso, J.M. del-Mazo, M. Sánchez-Soto Surface quality: improving the quality perception of molded parts S. 191-202

„… technology a three-dimensional map of the surface can be built up. 2. Experimental Materials: The …” „… material used was a polypropylene with 5% talc (PP-TD5). This is a commercial injection-molding grade for …” „… material had a density of 0.93 g/cm3 (ISO 1183- 1/A) and a melt flow rate (230 ºC, 2.16 kg) of 16 g/10 min …”

R. Korn, T. Reußmann 3-D direct deposition of reinforcement fibers in the fiber blowing process – State of the art in natural fiber processing S. 145-156

„… materials and are used primarily in the automotive industry in the manufacture of interior trim parts …” „… non-woven material or by carding. These natural fiber mats can be cut to size by the non-woven manufacturer …” „… , which is normally done by compression molding. Here, depending on the matrix material used, a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XI

„… KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK Herausgeber: VDI Wissensforum GmbH VDI-Gesellschaft Materials Engineering …” „… regarding materials, processes, and technology innovations Dipl.-Ing. J. Götzelmann, Magna Exteriors …” „… recycling material M. Thurmeier, M.Eng., C. Horbas, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) F. Wagner, AUDI AG, Ingolstadt 91 …”

A. Roch, A. Menrath, B. Schmid Two-component air-guide panel manufactured by co-molding and foaming using core-back technology S. 229-230

„… , hard-soft combination consisting of two different materials: a polypropylene as the hard and a …” „… are opened by core-back technology. Due to this a pressure drop occurs making the material expand in …” „… second cavity and co-molded with the rubber material along the edge in a single process using only one …”

M. Kreutzmann, T. Schneider, R. Rademacher Development of a carbon-composite electro-transmission housing S. 263-270

„… by substituting materials of a lower specific weight for the existing housing materials. A very …” „… interesting possible material here with regard to its mechanical properties is a carbonfiber-reinforced …” „… demand made of this combination of materials in a transmission housing is compliance with the rigidity …”

O. Mende The underbody: an underestimated contribution to CO2 reduction S. 57-74

„… and how requirements can be implemented by means of a material module. How the best design can be …” „… individualized material selection. MQB components are used in their millions across all brands and classes. For …” „… or reduce battery capacity. 64 3. Development of a material matrix for the selective optimization …”

J. Guenther, D. Malecha, J. Reinicke New surfaces and difficulties in applying existing test methods S. 45-56

„… effects such as is seldom possible with traditional painting methods. 1.2 PUR: a versatile material …” „… materials, such as plastic – even backfoamed films – or wood. In particular the exact reproduction of the …” „… cube mold can be used for this. To enable thorough mixing of the materials (which have low viscosity …”

A. Liebsch, R. Kupfer, M. Gude, P. Müller, N. Andricevic Hollow profiles, organo-sheets and LFRT node structures: hybrid components made of fiber-reinforced plastics for automotive serial production S. 215-226

„… textile-thermoplastic composite materials with organo-sheets and their joint functionalization by injection molding …” „… composites (FPC) for metal materials also means that the individual construction elements can be selectively …” „… only the anisotropic material behavior of the FPC hollow profile but also its structural interaction …”

G. Kalkoffen Lightweighting with carbon: lighter and cheaper than steel – Holistic consideration of the lightweighting potential and process costs of CFRP S. 261-262

„… high-priced applications. If there are however certain degrees of freedom such that material properties and …” „… spread of the resulting component manufacturing costs - for both materials. If it is possible to …” „… design phase so that material and process costs can be optimized just like weight and strength. The …”

G. Huber Tinuvin® 880 – novel light stabilizer for automotive interior applications S. 161-164

„… grades To meet the ever-increasing standards for automotive PP/TPOs (the materials of choice in …” „… material is stabilized with a typical ester HALS as light stabilizer, whereas the right-hand plaque uses …” „… material exhibits a surface layer which is very sticky to the touch whereas the surface of the material on …”

H. Hauke, J. Horstmann Lightweight carrier system for the air filter of the Mercedes-Benz Actros S. 315-316

„… available. This construction material satisfies not only the high demands relating to dynamic durability …” „… under the influence of heat but also the corresponding raw-material properties for cost-effective …” „… injection-molded into the component directly. This also served to reduce material and installation costs. For …”

U. Eberl Future 2050: technological trends in an era of sustainability and smart machines S. 1-12

„… is threatened, raw materials are in short supply. The century of oil is coming to an end and the …” „… all kinds as well as raw materials and energy. The need for transportation – not least also due …” „… thus also for raw materials. This will encourage energy- and resource-efficient products and …”

J. Gómez-Monterde, J. Hain, M. Ll. Maspoch Characterization of microcellular plastics for weight reduction in automotive interior parts S. 165-178

„… Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Abstract The present work deals with foaming plastic materials in …” „… conventional materials with lighter ones. Nowadays, plastic materials represent around 18% of the overall …” „… only partially in defined areas of interest. 3. Materials and methods - Material. A 20 …”

J. Stimpfl, J. Asbeck Innovative lightweight design for light-duty commercial vehicles: the GRP leaf spring S. 319-320

„… lightweight construction in combination with a high degree of vertical integration from the raw material to …” „… in which not only is the steel replaced by the lightweight material GRP but also a new patented …” „… prevents the formation of pores, micro-cracks or unevenness in the surface, due to material shrinkage or …”

H. Häberle High-performance polypropylene: does PA 6 still have a future? S. 231-240

„… %. The reduction in material cost associated with this resulting from the lower density is rounded up …” „… transport sector requires. Material lightweighting is often taken today to mean the replacement of metals …” „… of approx. 231 15% mass. Material utilization costs also fall correspondingly. The HP-PPs are thus …”

R. Kurz, S. Hobelsberger, H. Auer Sewn-covering lamination for the instrument panel: from the discontinuous to the continuous process S. 13-20

„… materials, new looks and a more exclusive feel. Buzzwords such as pressure and touch haptics, or tactile …” „… emotions via the appeal of different materials. Fig. 2: Requirements for a modern cockpit An …” „… is heated through the decorative material by the hard mold. This leaves almost 15 the full 140 …”

C. Bauer, H. Häberle Cost efficiency through the use of UV-resistant plastics in dynamically and statically highly-stressed components S. 313-314

„… of a reduction in system cost was achieved, firstly, by the material cost savings due to the lower …” „… relative material costs of ASA as compared with PET/PC, and secondly by the omission of painting. With the …”

J. Reddemann, H. Seifert Energy-efficient production of thermoplastic CFRP parts by one-step direct processing S. 135-144

„… fiber-reinforced plastics can score over conventional lightweight materials, especially in offering great freedom …” „… cycle times and energy-intensive process routes as well as the high price of the raw material carbon …” „… materials used. Combining all of these steps in a single mold has resulted not only in a reduction in …”

J. Friedrich Interior concepts: vehicle interior design developments relevant to the future S. 257-258

„… : - Enhancement of the interior: digital surfaces plus authentic materials - Variable/flexible components such as …” „… . Thanks to the increased use of automatic transmissions, significant changes and material savings can be …”

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