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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

PIAE EUROPE

2020

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325 Group Renault Plastic Material Vision for New Mobility Trends S. 311-332

„… Group Renault Plastic Material Vision for New Mobility Trends Expectation and Opportunities with …” „… answered. Background and Issues 5 principal axes of Group Renault Plastic material strategy long term …” „… . Materials technologies must evolve with these strong requests. Group Renault consider the request by two …”

M. Hoyer Process-integrated material compounding for the sustainable manufacture of high-strength components S. 15-28

„… Process-integrated material compounding for the sustainable manufacture of high-strength …” „… savings through the substitution of metallic materials, but also typical engineering plastics such as PA …” „… processing methods Adapting materials as precisely as possible to component requirements is a basic …”

T. Stier, N. Lammert, C. Heinz, N. Unger Additive manufacturing based on screw extrusion: machines, material and applications in the automotive industry S. 181-196

„… .) are known to be either part size, material properties, costs for material/machine, or production …” „… this area. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2369, 2020 191 Furthermore, a material/processing database has to be …” „… Additive manufacturing based on screw extrusion: machines, material and applications in the …”

F. Vetter Emissions and odor under control – Thermoplastic elastomers for the vehicle interior S. 149-164

„… aimed at obtaining a deep understanding of the influencing factors relating to interior materials …” „… . Emission measurement and odor assessment of materials is a very complex challenge for all parties involved …” „… interiors tested under standardized test conditions. Interior materials from KRAI- BURG TPE's production …”

M. Kardos, O. Täger, E. Körner New class-A sheet molding compounds for automotive exterior components using a single-step surface hybridization S. 249-264

„… der Automobilindustrie. Herstellungsbedingt beinhaltet dieses stark heterogene Material eine nicht …” „… Nr. 2369, 2020 249 industry. The material contains a non-negligible level of porosity intrinsic to …” „… to a solution; in other words, the single-step manufacturing of a hybrid material component with …”

S. Schmitz, D. Fischer Radiation cross-linking of plastics as a finishing process in series production S. 197-206

„… materials. Plastics are often persuasive on account of their good processability and their lightweight …” „… materials with low reactivity require a special cross-linking additive. High-energy beta or gamma rays …” „… – comparable to the vulcanization of rubbers. The durability or load-bearing capacity of the materials …”

J. De Boever, G. Spingler Crash simulation of the new TNGA intake manifold in glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide S. 43-60

„… improve its accuracy by optimizing the material model parameters: Young’s modulus and the breakage strain …” „… be seen. Through subsequent CAE development, material was added to increase stiffness in the …” „… critical areas and a high degree of weight reduction was achieved by removing material in …”

C. Schulz HiPIMS technology opens up new possibilities for decorative plastic coating S. 265-272

„… density significantly so that a significant portion of the coating material is ionized during the PVD …” „… (significant ionization of the coating material). In HiPIMS processes, process temperatures are usually higher …” „… parameters such as process pressure, process gas, cathode current, target material, substrate temperature …”

M. Walcher New solutions for e-mobility: thermally conductive thermoset plastics S. 133-140

„… developments and materials are constantly gaining in importance. Epoxy resins (EP) play a major role in this …” „… , good chemical resistance and hybridization possibilities on different materials and substrates. Due …” „… . This paper shows ways of using these materials for the automotive sector and also the electrified …”

R. Chaaya, J. Puta, P. Hasl, J. Goetzelmann Composite space frame: structural reinforcement for automotive liftgates/tailgates S. 9-14

„… liftgates. The Magna Exteriors engineering team, with the help of several machine, material and tool …” „… suppliers, combined its unique knowledge of design, materials and processing to address the challenge of …” „… reducing weight using composite materials and manufacturing processes. The composite space frame achieves …”

G. Greene, B. Kilian, R. Reithmeier Increasing the safety of battery modules in electric vehicles with polyurethane pultrusion S. 105-114

„… significantly in the coming years. Of the many opportunities that eMobility creates for innovative materials …” „… pultrusion die while liquid polyurethane is injected. The material is shaped and hardened before being cut …” „… materials. The results showed that the Covestro Baydur® PUL material can significantly outperform the …”

A. Tiwari, D. Brands, D. Pelletier, C. Pereira Thermoplastics in electric-vehicle battery applications – A lightweight and efficient EV battery concept S. 349-364

„… vehicle batteries require flame-retardant materials that enable an increase in the energy density of the …” „… protection. Low-density thermoplastic materials with the right composition have the potential to satisfy …” „… management of the heat generated by charging and discharging during vehicle operation. Finally, the material …”

A. Wüst, T. Metzner Development of an energy-absorbing structural element made of polyamide integrated in the plastic front-end carrier of the new Mercedes S-Class S. 1-4

„… complex non-linear material models. Ultrasim is able to take into account the properties characteristic of …” „… thermoplastic materials all in a single numerical approach. These include variables such as VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… . 2369, 20202 Anisotropy - induced by the use of fiber-filled materials Strain rate - important …”

J. Horn, B. Schulze, R. Kolmorgen Highly integrative smart plastic shift fork S. 223-234

„… , in the search for new, innovative material applications, the traditional is questioned and …” „… alternative to conventionally used materials such as steel and aluminum. KOKI has been using plastics for …” „… was and is a completely new challenge. A straightforward material substitution is not a suitable …”

S. Bürger, T. Voigt, A. Kaplangiray Haptic structures of interior decorative bezels in the new Ford Puma utilizing the three-dimensional overlay method (TOM) S. 281-294

„… and thus the adhesion of the adhesive. The Ford Motor Company divides these into material-specific and …” „… consistent, natural-looking materials and surfaces. Here the customer is intended to be surprised by a …” „… customer's expectations when he touches a natural material in order to thus arouse an authentic feeling in …”

F. Vetter Emissionen und Geruch unter Kontrolle – Thermoplastische Elastomere für den Fahrzeuginnenraum S. 165-180

„… imat-uve „high precision standard material“ entwickelt worden. Diese ist auch für TPE-Materialien …” „… Geruchsnoten. Das Material-Paket ist über den Webshop von imat-uve zu beziehen. Dort werden die erreichten …” „… zur Erprobung von Material, Bauteilen und Systemen. Die Zusammenarbeit von imat-uve und KRAIBURG TPE …”

N. Schlutig, J. Oliver THERMOFIL HP® – pushing the boundaries of highperformance glass-coupled polypropylene using the latest development in CAE to accelerate part development S. 93-104

„… polypropylene short-glass-fiber compounds combine with a full innovative material card in order to support CAE …” „… thermoplastics. HP GFPP as a real cost-saving lightweighting solution. How the THERMOFIL HP® material card will …” „… , the latest development in a non-linear anisotropic approach combined with the THERMOFIL HP® material …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… ; J.-J. Härtel, Open Hybrid Lab Factory e.V., Wolfsburg f Materials/Werkstoffe Thermoplastics in …” „… #EngineeringTomorrowsMaterials Magenta Yellow Black March 25-26, 2020, Mannheim, Germany Black PI …” „… Simulation and process technology l Material innovations and lightweight design Top topics New concept …”

W. Franz Improving efficiency and quality in color matching in the car interior through digital color matching S. 365-370

„… well-coordinated vehicle interior across all materials promotes sales and is an outstanding advertisement for the …” „… master samples for all relevant materials by the design department, the required number of these are …” „… 's production facilities and all suppliers of the relevant materials. This process is costly, time-consuming …”

S. Fiebig, T. Kersten, B. Mennenga, K. Dröder, J.-J. Härtel GFK-X-Feder – Entwicklung, Erprobung und Fertigungstechniken S. 333-348

„… Eigenschaften sowie in den Material- und Fertigungskosten deutlich weiterentwickelt [4, 5]. Für Achsen ist vor …” „… allem GFK als Material für Federn interessant [6, 7, 8]. Auf der einen Seite weist GFK sehr gute …” „… Federeigenschaften auf, auf der anderen Seite erreicht es gute technische Eigenschaften mit akzeptablen Material …”

S. Schmitz, D. Fischer Strahlenvernetzung von Kunststoffen als Veredelungsprozess in der Serienproduktion S. 207-218

„… Material die Strahlungsenergie. Chemische Bindungen werden gespalten, es entstehen freie Radikale. Diese …” „… Material wie ein Elastomer. Die verbesserte Temperaturbeständigkeit und die bei erhöhten Temperaturen …” „… Substitution durch ein strahlenvernetztes Material zu erheblichen direkten Einsparungen führen. Noch …”

J. Rosenberger Innovative large-scale production application of thermoformed parts for electric vehicles S. 115-122

„… that use materials that are perfectly matched to the product concept, thereby guaranteeing optimum …” „… quickly and inexpensively I Use of co-extruded ABS PMMA material I UV-resistant I Class-A surface I No …” „… emissions of different material concepts were also examined. If the entire process of creating a …”

J. Rosenberger Innovative Großserienanwendung von Thermoformteilen für Elektrofahrzeuge S. 123-132

„… -Emission unterschiedlicher Material-Konzepte untersucht. Betrachtet man den gesamten Entstehungsprozess …” „… Einsatz von coextrudiertem ABS-PMMA Material I UV-beständig I CLASS-A-Oberfläche I Lackieren entfällt …” „… Technologiespektrum einen auf das Produktkonzept perfekt abgestimmten Materialeinsatz, sodass optimale …”

A. Schmitz The all-new MAN high-roof cab: epoxy-sandwich RTM – simulated using FEM and crashed under real conditions S. 61-76

„… material and the collection of the data needed for design using simulation. Finally, the comparison of the …” „… materials used is required. For this purpose, the mediumheight XLX high-roof, which is already in series …” „… basis, material cards could be drawn up which formed the basis for the first simulations. The individual …”

M. Hoyer Prozessintegrierte Werkstoffaufbereitung für eine nachhaltige Fertigung hochfester Bauteile S. 29-42

„… deshalb der Wunsch nach einer flexiblen Anpassung von Material- und Verarbeitungsparametern und …” „… Polypropylen in Kombination mit dem FDC-Verfahren große Vorteile in Bezug auf Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie Material …” „… einer Materialsubstitution und somit leichteren Bauteilen führt. Das bedeutet auch, dass bisher für die …”

S. Bürger, T. Voigt, A. Kaplangiray Haptische Strukturen auf Innenraum Zierblenden des neuen Ford Puma im Three-Dimensional-Overlay-Method- (TOM)-Herstellungsverfahren S. 295-310

„… des Bauteils entspricht. 4. Colour & Material Farbgestaltung Das Colour & Material Team des Ford …” „… Einklang stehende, natürliche anmutende Materialien und Oberflächen im Vordergrund standen. Dabei soll der …” „… Seite des Projektes dar. Den zusätzlichen Materialkosten, die aufgrund des Einsatzes der Folie …”

J. Horn, B. Schulze, R. Kolmorgen Hochintegrative smarte Kunststoff-Schaltgabel S. 235-248

„… . Dies ist nicht auf einen Kostenvorteil beim eingesetzten Material zurückzuführen, sondern ergab sich …” „… ausgewählte Bemessungsgrundlagen. Materials Testing: Vol. 50, No. 1-2, pp. 77-90. [2] B. Schulze, J. Leopold …” „… / Materialauswahl Ausgangspunkt der Entwicklung einer serienfähigen Kunststoff-Schaltgabel waren die Ergebnisse …”

C. Schulz Neue Möglichkeiten für die dekorative Kunststoffbeschichtung durch die HiPIMS-Technologie S. 273-280

„… : Kunststoff-Institut Lüdenscheid GmbH Bei einer geeigneten Primerlackierung und geeignetem PVD-Material kann auf den …”

W. Franz Effizienz- und Qualitätsverbesserung bei der Farbabstimmung im PKW Innenraum durch Digitales Color Matching S. 371-X

„… graphite with 15%-35 % minerals or additives will be examined. 2 Materials and method All blends are …” „… VDI-Berichte 2369 Materials Engineering …” „… Abstimmung des Innenraumes über alle Materialien ist verkaufsfördernd und ein Aushängeschild speziell der …”

A. Schmitz Epoxid-Sandwich-RTM – FEM gerechnet und real gecrasht S. 77-92

„… Materials und die Erhebung der Daten, die zur simulierten Auslegung benötigt werden, dargestellt …” „… der verwendeten Materialien. Hierzu wurde das bereits in Serie befindliche mittelhohe Hochdach XLX …” „… 2 Auf dieser Basis konnten dann Materialkarten erstellt werden, die die Basis für die ersten …”

A. Wüst, T. Metzner Entwicklung eines energieabsorbierenden Strukturelements aus Polyamid integriert im Kunststoff-Frontendträger der neuen Mercedes S-Klasse S. 5-8

„… Materialmodelle. Ultrasim® ist in der Lage, die für thermoplastische Werkstoffe charakteristischen Eigenschaften …” „… Materialmodelle haben sich in zahlreichen Bauteilentwicklungen bewährt und gestatten auch beim vorliegenden …” „… Entwicklung beteiligten Parteien: OEM, Tier 1 und Materiallieferant. Neben der numerischen Abbildung ist …”

M. Walcher Neue Lösungen für E- Mobilität – Thermisch leitfähige duroplastische Kunststoffe S. 141-148

„… Verwendung dieser Materialien für den Automobilsektor sowie den elektrifizierten Antriebsstrang. Der Fokus …” „… von 40–60 KV/mm. Die Verarbeitung der Materialien erfolgt entweder im klassischen Spritzgießprozess …” „… Verarbeitungsperformance wird mit Materialien von 2,5–4,0 W/m*K erreicht. Für viele Anwendungen reichen jedoch …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023693

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4343 2016

Results in this title

T. Rösch, U. Remmele New development of SCR-tank systems: materials, functions, processes S. 159-164

„… New development of SCR-tank systems: materials, functions, processes Dipl.-Ing. T. Rösch …” „… legislation, the requirements profile of the tank and material selection, as well as presenting the general …” „… Efficient use of material by selectively stiffening measures Max. volume due to optimum use of the …”

A. Spiegel, S. Schmidhuber, U. Fehrenbacher Lightweight design through multi-material systems – Structural cabin parts made of continuousfiber- reinforced thermoplastic material with a polyurethane outer skin in Class A quality S. 327-328

„… Lightweight design through multi-material systems Structural cabin parts made of …” „… continuous-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material with a polyurethane outer skin in Class A quality A. Spiegel, M.Eng …” „… research project funded by BMBF was to develop new weight and cost-optimized multi-material systems for …”

O. Täger, F. Häusler, J. Lohmann, N. Modler, T. Weber New manufacturing technology for material-hybrid lightweight solutions: an FRP-metal hybrid floor structure S. 247-258

„… New manufacturing technology for material-hybrid lightweight solutions: an FRP-metal hybrid floor …” „… This paper looks at how a material-appropriate production technology was developed for hybrid material …” „… spiral (Figure 1) [1]. Here the material class of fiberreinforced plastics (FRP) has a great …”

M. Beiner Emission-optimized rubber composites for the treads of retreaded truck tires containing recycled material: EKORUND S. 349-352

„… material: EKORUND Prof. Dr. M. Beiner, Fraunhofer IMWS, Halle (Saale) Improving the energy and …” „… materials was mixed in and used selectively to optimize rolling resistance without significantly impairing …”

R. Krischke, R. Poltrock, S. Stein Development of a lightweight instrument-panel support structure Material and production concept of the instrument-panel support tube made of long-glass-fiberreinforced partly aromatic polyamide for th... S. 259-278

„… Development of a lightweight instrument-panel support structure Material and production concept …” „… series. The use of a long-glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material meant that a weight saving of …” „… not only the component requirements and material selection based on this, supported by mechanical and …”

T. Müller Efficient approach to developing fiber composites S. 205-212

„… Abstract Fast and efficient processes in material development contribute to finding the best solution for …” „… the customer. This means that the latest material technologies and findings are used in in vehicle …” „… industry-oriented approaches in the development of fiber composite materials. Characteristic here is lower material …”

E. Glas, L. Greve, O. Steiln, J. Čopík, R. Flögel Simulation of plastics in crash conditions at Volkswagen – Requirements relating to safety-relevant plastic components S. 119-130

„… required to validate the simulation models. There are three main reasons for this. Firstly, the material …” „… models used to date are inadequate. Secondly, the variation in material properties during the production …” „… tolerances for mechanical parameters of the plastic parts and the raw materials. Volkswagen is therefore …”

M. Derks Carbon core: the use of CFRP in the body structure of the BMW 7 Series S. 83-92

„… , materials and technology fields and also in the supplier network it was possible to integrate the material …” „… have always been particularly partial to elegance of line with exclusive materials, a high level of …” „… materials required. The innovative insulating concept simultaneously ensures another improvement in acoustic …”

G. Liraut, A. Tebib Mono-polymer lift-gate solution cuts CO2 emissions S. 45-58

„… materials company and manufacturer of plastic, latex and rubber, has developed a full thermoplastic …” „… . Renault is using the same material and design process for the front-end carrier of the Espace, which …” „… allows the car manufacturer to better rationalize material sourcing and leverage injection-molding …”

E. Meurer, M. Hanigk Thermoplastic crash-absorbing elements made from PC/PBT (Makroblend®) as part of the sideprotection concept of the BMW i3 S. 225-238

„… and Covestro (formerly Bayer Material Science AG) supported by Eckerle, the prototype maker and molder …” „… ductile energy absorption related to material performance is shown in Figure 4.The search therefore …” „… focused on a combined material and structural solution offering defined stiffness (initiation level …”

I. Kleba, J. Emig Innovative PUR surfaces – self-healing and more S. 29-44

„… , Friedrichsdorf Abstract With puroclear® a new generation of PUR coating materials has been developed for …” „… the materials side could contribute. In this context, we came to the conclusion that as consumers we …” „… here. This is because polymeric materials have a finite hardness far below many other materials and in …”

J. J. Laux, L. Vanin, S. Grgac, G. Schalte Injection-Molded Carbon-Fiber Grille Opening Reinforcement – Development and production of the 2016 Ford Mustang Shelby GT350 GOR S. 93-104

„… cutting-edge materials and technologies. “When we started working on this car, we wanted to build the best …” „… requirements Minimize tooling investment. This is reflected in the use of clearly defined materials and …” „… quality, performance and safety targets. The use of innovative technologies and lightweight materials had …”

H. Gawinski, E. Neitzel, D. Bauch Potential for weight reduction in commercial vehicles – Air springs with pistons made of glass-fiber- reinforced plastic S. 337-344

„… into the theoretical strength analysis by means of FEM analysis. The result is a much reduced material …” „… consumption. Material costs and cycle times in production are minimized. The result is air suspension systems …” „… driven distance of 400,000 km. The corrosion protection inherent in the material also makes a …”

T. Hilgers Thermally conductive plastics: a mineral solution – Thermal management in thermoplastics and thermosets S. 193-204

„… while simultaneously maintaining the electrical insulationing function of the plastic materials used …” „… incorporation of additives with a high inherent thermal conductivity. The various materials which can be used …” „… these materials out. All metals also have good electrical conductivity. However, there are applications …”

H. Schmidhuber Perspectives in automotive polymer glazing – Polycarbonate makes use in side and rear windows possible S. 67-82

„… g/cm3). Webasto uses Makrolon® AG2677 from Covestro (formerly Bayer MaterialScience) which was …” „… g/km. Polycarbonate (PC) is a lightweight material which has been used in cars for some time …” „… transparent like glass, but can be given any hue. Over the years the potential of this high-tech material has …”

A. van den Einden, P. van der Velden Study of lightweight applications in truck development – Metal replacement of a headlamp frame by a thermoplastic S. 315-322

„… Abstract New material, process and equipment developments in the field of thermoplastics create …” „… partners SABIC, EDAG and VDL Parree. After a first quick scan of material technologies and applications …” „… made of thermoplastics Fig. 2: Thermoplastic valve cover and oil sump Due to material, process …”

J. J. Laux, H. Moore, J. Ingram, J. Kowalski Class A Compression-Molded Carbon-Fiber Hood – Development and production of the Cadillac ATS-V and CTS-V Hood S. 59-66

„… carbon-fiber hood using heavy tow unidirectional carbon-fiber epoxy prepreg material An air-extracting …” „… clearly defined materials and processes to yield a product that is significantly lighter than the previous …” „… and lightweight materials had a significant influence on the performance of the vehicle. Fig. 1 …”

S. Rübsamen, N. Elbs, H. Häberle CFRP air spring carrier for buses Feasibility study S. 329-336

„… weight. Weight reduction can, for example, be achieved by using lightweight materials. This paper deals …” „… , firstly, that the air spring carrier can be made from fiber composite material under industrial conditions …” „… , loads are to be absorbed via the material. 331 3. CFRP production technology Basically two demands are …”

F. Schumann, R. Ankele, F. Jürgens, H-J. Endres The innovative hybrid fleece molding (HFM) concept as a sustainable alternative in direct comparison with the door panel for the Volvo XC90 S. 213-224

„… Abstract This paper will examine the door panel of the XC90 in two manufacturing and material variants in …” „… development and the use of modern materials and processing technologies is it possible for current designs and …” „… additional comfort functions to be implemented with weight-neutrality. Not only standard materials with …”

H. Gräser Greenhouse gas footprint of trucks S. 323-324

„… things, raw material extraction or production, the production of materials, manufacturing processes and …” „… energy inputs for the parts and components used. Lightweight design and the selection of materials can …”

M. Franzen, O. Ghouati Consideration of local thicknesses within finite element simulation of injection molded thermoplastics S. 279-288

„… necessary to fully utilize the deployed materials as efficiently as possible. In order to be able to meet …” „… address these issues. Within these projects the material model MF-GenYld+CrachFEM was developed for …” „… various material applications. This material model is capable of accounting for the high degree to which …”

B. Pfeiffer, S. Tönnies Local reinforcement in series production – Local reinforcement in series production S. 239-246

„… . 1. CELANESE long-fiber- and continuous-fiber-reinforced materials For more than a decade, CELANESE …” „… , legal constraints are imposing ever greater pressure with regard to the recyclability of materials both …” „… Celstran® LFT virgin material. Here the impregnation quality of materials plays a decisive key rôle. With …”

L. Gervat, M. Lacuve, J.M. Fiard, G. Gauge, F. Bekaert Determination of thermal damages undergone by plastic parts in stochastic environments: application to air ducts S. 105-118

„… period. But what precisely does it mean for chemists? We have questioned our major raw material …” „… the maximum continuous temperature according to seven major raw material suppliers to the automotive …” „… , 50%, 20 000h E « it depends on the part the material is used for » F Tensile strength, 50%, 2000h G …”

J. Soares, A. Misala First plastic oil-pan module in the 911 Carrera: lightweight design and system integration S. 165-180

„… material. The use of manufacturing processes with a greater degree of freedom in shaping (hot-gas …” „… different materials If the volume of the bushings and threaded inserts is deducted from the aluminum …” „… the media lines carrier not only was the material of the turbocharger return lines changed but the …”

R. Kaiser Cost Efficient Lightweight Design Commercial vehicles in CFRP: from prototype to series S. 325-326

„… in material consumption, but also especially in the reduction of manufacturing costs achieved by …” „… using simple structures (preforming) and smaller geometries, as well as lower material consumption and …”

M. Kurz 3D simulation for lightweight construction in the plastics processing industry S. 17-28

„… in recent years. Injection stands at the center of the RTM process. Since the most varied materials …” „… completion of development. Local material properties, such as fiber orientation, porosity (during expansion …” „… optimum injection point by which the right thickness of the skin material is guaranteed at all parts …”

R. Mielke, P. Dierks Challenging surfaces and lightweight construction in the instrument panel of the new Volkswagen Tiguan S. 5-16

„… is designed as a two-component (2K) part. For the first material component the selection fell on …” „… and wear resistance. For this reason, as the second material component polybutylene terephthalate …” „… ) was selected as the second material component for the cover. 3 Innovative lightweight construction …”

G. Henn The lightness of design – Potential of lightweight design for structure and surfaces in architecture S. 1-4

„… the design of high buildings since they integrate structure, material and form. These factors mean …”

U. A. Karsch Plastic fuel tank systems, energy carriers for future vehicle concepts S. 297-314

„… for volume-optimized and corrosion-free tanks. Fig. 1: Plastic fuel tank materials broken down by …” „… also the preferred material for the SCR tank in diesel vehicles, both for economic and mechanical …” „… attached to the tank wall either by mechanical interlocking or by welding (if the materials are of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… Wissensforum GmbH VDI-Gesellschaft Materials Engineering Plastics in Automotive Engineering L_160040_4343 …”

J. M. Fiard, J. M. Cardona, P. Gauquie Mécaplast Plastic oil pan design for an optimized gasoline engine – Project management of novelty by failure mode analysis S. 181-192

„… polyamide oil pan has been developed. We focus in this paper on the challenges of using polymer material …” „… thermoplastic parts have material properties which are nonuniform and anisotropic due to the variation in fiber …”

R. Vaculik Sensor technology for interconnected injection-molding production: a prerequisite for Industry 4.0 S. 289-296

„… pressure curve. Not only variations in the material but also other disturbing influences bring about a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783182443438

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Spritzgießen 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Spritzgießen 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4344 2016

Results in this title

E. Foltin Material follows function – Zukunftsperspektiven für die Kunststoffe von morgen S. 223-224

„… Material follows function Zukunftsperspektiven für die Kunststoffe von morgen Dipl.-Ing. (FH) E …” „… function zu Material follows function – Individualisierung: gezielte Eigenschaftsprofile durch generative …” „… , gekoppelt mit der Marktbeobachtung, werden die Anforderungen für die Materialauswahl hergeleitet. An …”

E. Moritzer, Y. Martin, E. Müller Spritzgießdirektcompoundierung (SGDC) – Produktspezifische Materialentwicklung im Spritzgießprozess S. 27-40

„… Material zu erlangen, ist marginal [SMB07]. Üblicherweise wird in der Kunststofftechnik zwischen …” „… Materialauswahl – und zum anderen zu einem Einsparpotenzial an Materialkosten. Zusätzlich zur Kostenersparnis pro …” „… des Materials führt. Aus der Zusammenlegung des Aufbereitungs- und Formteilbildungsprozesses …”

A. Handschke Schaumspritzgießen: Aktuelle Trends und neue Herausforderungen S. 183-194

„… Spritzgießer dem Material einen Hauch von Backpulver zu, wenn sich am Bauteil Einfallstellen zeigten. Diese …” „… brachten zwei verschiedene Verfahren hervor, je nachdem ob man das Treibmittel dem Material in Form von …” „… wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen mit sich bringt. So wird weniger Material benötigt, um die Kavität zu füllen und die …”

I. Erler Trends und Strategien zur Individualisierung des Automobilinterieurs S. 155-164

„… kann entsprechend des Kundenwunsches lokal Material unterschiedlicher Farbe und evtl. Weichheitsgrades …” „… sich das Material beim Strangablegen immer auf der Isobaren für Umgebungsdruck. Das höhere …” „… , indem in Bereichen höherer Schwindung zusätzliche Schichten Material aufgetragen werden. Bauteilverzug …”

V. Altstädt Spritzgegossene Sandwichstrukturen – Leichtbau und effiziente Produktion vereint S. 41-54

„… Materialien als Deckschicht des Lagenaufbaus und leichten Kernkomponenten, lassen sich Materialverbunde …” „… options. Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials; 2013; 15(5): 487– 508. [2] Altstädt, V., Diedrichs …” „… , F., Lenz, T., Bardenhagen, H., Jarnot, D.: Polymer foams as core materials in Sandwich Laminates …”

J. Ackermann Trends in Displaytechnik und Optoelektronik S. 141-154

„… Materials GmbH, Darmstadt Kurzfassung Die Displayfertigung befindet sich einschließlich der …” „… Tabelle 1). Aus diesem Grund hat die Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Darmstadt als weltweit führender …” „… , welche die Totalreflexionseigenschaften nutzen, um Licht im optisch dichteren Material Ta be lle 1 : E …”

J. Henzler Werkzeugkonzepte für die Kleinserie S. 217-222

„… kürzere Zykluszeiten mit dem Material zu erzielen. Sicherlich ist der Werkstoff Aluminium nicht für jede …” „… Materialdichten (Aluminium) und hohe Kernfestigkeit ohne nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung (Stahl) gegenüber. Zwar …” „… eine schnellere Materialbearbeitung wieder ausgeglichen. 2. Forschungsprojekt mit SKZ Würzburg Im …”

G. Jüttner, C. Löser Füllsimulation beim Mikrospritzgießen – Praktische Aspekte S. 99-118

„… von Mikrostrukturen an dem Mikroprüfstab. Material: PA6 Akulon F223D. 4 Schlussfolgerungen • Die …” „… filling process in micro channels for polymeric materials. J. Micromech. Microeng. 12 (2002), S. 604–610 …” „… Genauigkeit oder die nicht praxisgerechte Ermittlung der Materialdaten genannt. Konkret wird beispielsweise …”

M. Schuck Spritzgießen & Thermoformen: Neue Ansätze für hochwertige Oberflächen S. 63-70

„… gebracht wo es in einem zweiten Schuss, evtl. auch mit einem anderen Material, angespritzt und dieses Mal …” „… dreidimensionaler Bauteile, der Möglichkeit der Kombination von versch. Materialien (auch Echtmetall oder Echtholz …”

C. Hopmann, M. Theunissen, M. Röbig Präzise optische Komponenten durch innovative Werkzeugkonzepte S. 195-206

„… Material war ein Plexiglas 7N der Firma Evonik Industries AG, Essen. Zunächst wurden Linsen mit minimalem …” „… Materialkosten und ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht (geringe Dichte) begründen das Substitutionspotenzial [Bec …” „… Materialverdichtung und die homogene Druckverteilung. Eigenschaften, die für die Herstellung optischer Komponenten …”

T. Frank Industrie 4.0 – Ein pragmatischer Ansatz zur Einordnung S. 1-14

„… der Steuerung des Materiales in den jeweiligen Prozessen, wobei mit Hilfe des Pull-, Zieh- oder …” „… Herstellungs- aber auch Materialversorgungsprozesse. Das dezentrale Wissen des Flusses steckt also in den …”

J. Kasemann Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der 3D-Drucker für Kleinserien – Ist das Unmögliche bereits möglich? S. 79-80

„… . 2. Bauteile in Spritzgießqualität aus dem 3D Drucker Technologien, die flüssige Materialien …” „… Thermoplaste verarbeitet werden. Zahlreiche Anwender haben bereits in folgenden Materialien erfolgreich …”

W. Czizegg 3D Barrier Coating – Markt für kostengünstige Long-Shelf-Life-Verpackung öffnet sich für Spritzgießer S. 165-168

„… umweltfreundlich, energie- und materialsparend. 2. Welche Barriere-Eigenschaften sind zu erzielen ? In diesem …”

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 B. Sc. Wim Smet, ZF Wind Power …” „… in alignment with ISO 6336 requirements concerning material quality, allowable stress numbers, heat …” „… materials, methods of heat treatment and the influence of gear quality qualification are driving commonly …”

B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears S. 779-784

„… Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears Bernd …” „… . Surface and material technologies like superfinishing and coatings have shown to have potentials to …” „… improve the loss of lubrication behavior of gears. Therefore, in this study different surface and material …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting …” „… : accelerometers at the gearbox housing, MR sensors, which use a gear wheel as a material measure and MR sensors …” „… gear wheel as a material measure are described for one measurement concept. A feature to compare the …”

J. Woelling, F. Manis Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics – State of the Art and Challenges S. 1287-1296

„… , Germany With a wide range of adjustable properties, plastic materials continue to spread into more and …” „… improvements in production as a snowball effect also had an impact on lowering the overall cost of the material …” „… regulationsEven though lightweight materials are often brought into context with sustainability, composites are …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… MaterialUtilisationA[‐]Normal Material Depth y in mm𝐴BO1with 𝜎 , 𝐴BO2 with 𝜎 , 𝐴HE with 𝜎 ,𝐴BO1 without 𝜎 𝐴BO2 without …” „… . 00,20,40,60,811,20 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3MaterialUtilisationA[‐]Normal Material Depth y in mm𝐴BO1 with 𝜎 , 𝐴BO2 with 𝜎 …” „… . 00,20,40,60,811,20 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3MaterialUtilisationA[‐]Normal Material Depth y in mm𝐴BO1 with 𝜎 , 𝐴BO2 with 𝜎 …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… material-only tooth. The results show that the DLD teeth showed worse mechanical properties than the reference …” „… under actual operation. This work details the strategy applied to restore a base material case-hardened …” „… drawbacks encountered in the repair process, materials characterization, surface evolution of the restored …”

J. Cathelin Plastic Gears: Investigation on Noise and NVH Behavior S. 1449-1460

„… will give an overview of the links between acoustic excitations, gear design and material selection. 1 …” „… producers are reaching the acceptable noise limit and are asking for new material solutions. This need is at …” „… on the gear material NVH influence Various material combinations (Steel-Steel, Steel-Plastic and …”

K. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A. Domon Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber Orientation S. 1351-1360

„… reinforced materials are used for gears that are used under high load conditions (e.g. gear for electric …” „… throttle body), and the fatigue property of glass reinforced materials strongly depends on the GF …” „… predict the fatigue life of gears using fiber reinforced material, a method for predicting fatigue failure …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… the instantaneous material properties and strengths under applied stress in some materials [1]. The …” „… questions then are what materials is it significant for and how much? The purpose of this research is to …” „… explore this question with respect to gear materials, failure modes and operating conditions. For strain …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… materials.Due to the high industrial relevance, gear hobbing of case-hardening steels has been widely …” „… methodsWorkpiece materialsThe gear geometry used for the experiments was derived from an automotive application …” „… different materials by hobbing under dry cutting conditions was analyzed. The tool life and wear behavior of …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… .). However, due to the lower mechanical performance of polymer materials compared to metals, the durability …” „… they can be reinforced with a variety of fibres, resulting in an even greater variety of materials …” „… available. Nevertheless, the gear design with these materials is challenging due to the lack of specific …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… minimum thickness depends on the manufacturing process and selected material.After topology optimization …” „… and flexibility in order to make it adaptable for a large variety of geometries, materials, use cases …” „… , lightweight parts, low material usage and no additional cost or engineering hours for tailor-made parts. These …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… the anisotropic representative volume element (RVE) of the composite reinforcing material using …” „… , surface deformation and plastic flow investigating both their geometrical features and material properties …” „… approach to enhance the strength of plastic gears involves the use of polymer materials reinforced with …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… electromobility requirements for gears in terms of materials and product design. iSLS manufacturing allows for …” „… of materials and product design with geometric freedom [3,4]. Indirect Selective Laser Sintering …” „… processability. Figure 2 shows the complexity of the iSLS process from material to product design. Fig. 1: iSLS …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… maximum of 100 Nm input torque and 20 °C material/oil temperature. The torque is chosen high enough to …” „… , which material properties differ drastically from those made of steel, is therefore only partially …” „… steel and do not consider the drastically different material properties of plastics. Because of this …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… ), they can be suitable substitutes for through-hardened wrought steels combining material-saving effects …” „… , obwohl das Material seit Jahren eingesetzt wird. Darüber hinaus ist ADI immer noch nicht in die …” „… . 2422, 2023 1731Abstract Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a commonly used material for the geared rim …”

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… material…aluminum - Australia…steel - CanadaProduction...location - Germany…energy mix - GermanyUsageenergy …” „… active resources like fossil energy sources and energy-intensive raw materials are focused. Therefore …” „… business sectors to reduce GHG-emissions by avoiding the waste of resources like energy and material …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… density is introduced to characterize the material-specific resistance to abrasive wear. This parameter …” „… testing approachesB. Devaux, Solvay Material Science Application Center, Solvay Sa., Brussels, Belgium; C …” „… anisotropic material law (due to the presence of glass fibers in our material) and the application of a first …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… consideration of a constant fatigue strength level does not meet the material behaviour. A life prediction model …” „… high-purity materials produced in complex remelting processes. On the other hand, the roughness of the …” „… processes and a superfinishing process to optimize the roughness. The combination of high material purity …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… part of the demand for increasingly material-efficient gears, gears must transmit increasingly high …” „… shot peening material poses an unsolved challenge. This considerably limits the tooth root load-bearing …” „… , small-modulus gears limit the maximum diameter of the shot peening material. According to [12], the penetration …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… the complex loading conditions and the lack of knowledge about the influence of the material-lubricant …” „… capacity for a material-lubricant pairing. The wear methodology developed on the twin-disk test rig, in …” „… material-lubricant pairing. For this purpose, wear tests are currently carried out on worm gear test rigs, although …”

W. Kassem, J. Müller, M. Oehler, O. Koch Analytical tooth root stress calculation for short fiberreinforced plastic gears S. 1361-1374

„… gears made of homogeneous and isotropic materials. In this work, an approach was developed for an …” „… fiber orientation in the tooth root and the anisotropic elastic material behavior. In addition, the …” „… orientation in the gear and the anisotropic material properties. 1. IntroductionThe advantages of plastic …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… electromobility impose new demands on the gear Industry in terms of materials, design and manufacturing. In this …” „… excessive stress states during finishing processes. For carburizing materials, such as 20MnCr5, the …” „… processability of the material and investigates the surface integrity of the gears through the manufacturing …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… the mechanical properties of metal materials are much higher than for plastic gears it is necessary to …” „… go into detailed gear mesh and gear body investigation in order to have a successful material …” „… substitution and to use the materials at its best performance points. 2 Methods & Results In order to …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… transformed into a purely metallic state [2]. The material powder used for additive manufacturing must have …” „… conducted with the material 316L (stainless steel X2CrNiMoN17-12-2). This metallic material is certified and …” „… PROFIROLL PR 15HP. The material 316L shows ductile properties and therefore can be cold-formed without …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… : Performance Materials and Specialty Materials including Stanyl®. Envalior was founded as a new company in 2023 …” „… as a merge between two high performance material suppliers: DSM Engineering Materials and Lanxess HPM …” „… Performance Material Solutions, using material science, application know-how and design expertise …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… and sustainable drive systems with a high degree of material utilization, it is necessary to quantify …” „… . Isotropic superfinishing of gears In the process of isotropic superfinishing the outer material layer is …” „… lubricant and is mostly attributed to its additive content and the viscosity. The influence of the material …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… , stainless steel in particular has been used for years as a very resistant material. In the last ten years …” „… other industries. Firstly, stainless steel is used as the housing material due to its better resistance …” „… , gears are made from a sintered porous material. The sintered porous material is machined and a gear is …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… rotational gear speed and obtain a comprehensive picture of the material’s mechanical behaviour at the …” „… complementary tools to get a more comprehensive insight into the material behaviour while in mesh and predict …” „… measurement errors. 2. Materials and methods In line with previous work [11,13,25], this study focused on the …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… materials and coatings to improve gear performance [1,2]. The adoption of tribological coatings presents a …” „… mitigate issues related to friction, wear, and energy losses. Among the various coating materials …” „… the Nb:MoS2coatings. 2. Materials & Method The sample steel alloy selection, SAE 8620, was based on …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… supply of plastic materials and their ever-improving mechanical properties, the use of plastic gears is …” „… . A wide variety of different plastic materials and compounds is available on the market and new …” „… materials are being constantly developed, however, there is very little relevant material data available for …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… goal can be achieved by choosing the gear body material with higher damping properties within the …” „… different schemes. Two variants of the model with different gear material, one with plastic gears and one …” „… investigate the effect of the gear material damping on the level of noise emitted directly from the housing …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… number of gears. Due to decreasing sizes of plastic gears, small modules and materials reinforced with …” „… knowledge about the whole process  different plastic materials may be reinforced with e.g. glass fibre …” „… non-homogeneous materials of e.g. glass fibre reinforced materials. On the other hand, there are not enough …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… Momcilovic, Institute for material testing IMS, Belgrade, Serbia AbstractDuring the last decades, the …” „… gradients obtained by Finite Element Analysis. The analysis of material variation influence on the tooth …” „… disciplines, such as biomimetics design [1-4], and design of new or improved materials [5-8]. The involute …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae Estimation of brittleness of CCH-steel via measurement of micro-VH and simultaneous FWHM distribution S. 1699-1712

„… ered serious tooth ank damage. The gear is manufactured with K lingelnberg machine. The gear material …” „… . esides F and partial scuffing of ank partial tooth break-age was also found. The material investigation …” „… ank. The detailed observation of scu ed part of the tooth ank reveals that the tooth ank material of …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… According to the state of the art, worm gears are designed due to the softer bronze-material of the worm …” „… material stress in worm shafts. This paper presents an analytical method based on the nominal stress …” „… material. The worm shaft on the other hand is designed according to the state of the art in DIN 3996 [1 …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… don’t mimic real gear applications they were useful to characterize materials, validate models and …” „… , a numerical model was created according to the conditions of the experiments. Materials and Methods …” „… properties of the materials can be found in Table 2. Three different specimens were studied: STD – standard …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… application of an energy and material-efficient cold-forming process, compared to forging or machining …” „… helical gears generally possess specific disadvantages, e.g., high material waste, extremely high tool …” „… , sustainability, accuracy, and productivity. By utilizing material and applying a lightweight structural design …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… . Mainly for metallic materials, the manufacturing processes are very advanced and highly specialised for a …” „… irrelevant from which material the gears are made. For the feasibility of a certain toothing, the shape of …” „… a constant transmission ratio combined with optimised material utilisation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… GJL-250 cast iron. The objective is to calibrate the material model parameters, including density …” „… specific material model parameters. The simulated (undamped) FRFs obtained from the FEM model are then …” „… correspondence indicates the accurate assumption of Young's modulus and density in the material model …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… the process cool and the workpiece clean. Notably, in this context, the granulate material …” „… MPa, on the surface of the shaft's gears. This can be explained by the difference in materials used …” „… from 27MnCr5. Both materials are case-hardened to a minimum of 58 HRC using low-pressure carburizing …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… basic equations consider a steel-steel material pairing and are specified for involute flanks. For gears …” „… a calculation for the load-carrying capacity with consideration of the plastic material [8], also …” „… material and the alternating number of teeth contact along the path of contact. Due to unknown specific …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… University, Faculty of Engineering and natural sciences, Materials Science and environmental engineering …” „… . This raises concerns regarding the assumptions on effects of size and fatigue limit of material in the …” „… between the locating faces of the shaft and pinion. The combination of dissimilar materials reduced the …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… molding [1], dry run capability [2], lightweight construction [3], possibility of material modification [2 …” „… concerned [2].However, there are also some disadvantages due to the characteristic material behavior of …” „… bending load of the gear tooth being Ws, the safe working stress of the material s, the circular pitch of …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… wedge-shaped material outbreaks. Scuffing is a sudden local welding due to temperature and contact pressure. It …” „… . Micro pitting is fatigue damage on the surface caused by mixed friction. It results in material removal …” „… material properties are considered via the elasticity factor ZE, the profile contact ratio determines the …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… (including material data) are in a lower state of maturity compared to those for steel. 2. Unique …” „… the calculated root stress with known fatigue limits in common polymer materials. Neither VDI …” „… materials” [4, Section 3]. The only remaining question is: Are the definitions for each of the (matching …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… for gears made of plastic material (external-external and/or external/internal) with the involute …” „… external gear made of plastic material in a 3D printer. The quality classification of cylindrical, worm …” „… A.V. et al. [4] determined the optimal thickness of the deposited material layer, which would ensure …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test 81Y. Koch, E …” „… and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears 779B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K …” „… Engineering and natural sciences, Materials Science and environmental engineering Tampere, Finland;G. Szanti …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… surface, due to shear load on the surface. Furthermore, the subsequent material analysis shows a …” „… reduced material strength and close to the flank surface. However, a possible TFF-risk can promote a …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023258consequential TFF, if the WEC-cracking arrives the depth of critical material …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… . [25] ISO Standard. ISO/DIS 12107 Metallic materials-Fatigue testing-Statistical planning and analysis …” „… adopted to investigate the strength of a gear (or a gear material) with respect to tooth root fatigue …” „… terms of torque, and also provided information about the gear pair geometry and its material. As the …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… data are analyzed, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches. 3.1. Materials and Experimental …” „… circle diameter da /mm 54-0.1 76-0.1Pitch circle diameter d /mm 50 72 Material Steel: 16MnCr5, case …” „… identical in construction, have minimally different material properties, manufacturing tolerances and …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… taking into account the local material and stress condition as well as the tooth flank micro geometry …” „… material values. 𝜎 𝜎 Equation 1 4.2. Testing of the load caring capacity of cylindrical gears Stress …” „… remaining part of the flank also reaches pressure values of H 2200 MPa. The material limits for the 16MnCrS …”

K. Moser, S. Körber Advanced biopolymer compounds for technical applications S. 1297-1300

„… environmental awareness and independence from fossil raw materials are driving the popularity of biopolymers …” „… , 2023 1297Materials PLA Luminy L130, L175 (PLLA) and D070, D120 (PDLA) were purchased from Total Corbion …”

P. Michel New generation in plastic gear technologies S. 1461-1468

„… full truck loads of valueable resin material are saved. In monetary value it is a saving of about 1.1 …” „… Mio € of material cost over lifetime. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1467 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… DLC coatings have a uniform thickness of 3 µm. The material data of the steel and the DLC coatings are …” „… listed in Table 3. Table 3: Material parameters of the gear material and DLC coatings Parameter 16MnCr5 …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… allowable bending stress of gear blank material. 3.2 Dynamic performance The time-varying mesh stiffness …” „… . Based on the material mechanics, the stiffness expression corresponding to the deformation of each part …” „… S (11)Where E is the elastic modulus of gear body material; B is the tooth width of gear teeth; F is …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… . Alternative materials or coatings and different surface machining procedures for new gear designs have been …” „… changes and rank potential material or surface solutions for more robust gears. A twin-disc configuration …” „… Materials and investigated topographies A case hardened AISI 9310 carburizing steel, well known for its high …”

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… such as material, energy, tools and thus unnecessary costs. Therefore, the main challenges in …” „… materials. Functionality and structure of a real-time vibration analysis system This chapter describes a …” „… tailored to the material and work step in question. Existing reference spectra can be refined so that the …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… shown [12]. KROPP investigates the dry tooth contact for different combinations of material and coating …” „… the number of load cycles per load level. Analysis of the test results shows that the base ma-terial …” „… coated with a two-layer coating system in a PVD process by the Leibniz Institute for Materials Oriented …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… gears Material : SAE8620 Heat treatment : Case carburized Quality Class : A6 (according to …” „… AGMA2015) Gear finishing : Grinding with Zero Bias Internal gears Material : AISI4140 Heat …” „… has been updated beforehand to match measurement results (Stator material properties, spline stiffness …”

H. Jia, D. Qin, G. Hu, X. Xu, W. Bai Electromechanical Coupling Modeling and Torsional Vibration Analysis of Helicopter Electric Propulsion System S. 675-688

„… speed of the helicopter tail drive shafts by using composite materials to replace traditional aluminum …” „… ]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013: 401–403, 45–48.[6] Chen, Y., Zhu, R., Jin, G., Xiong, Y. Influence …” „… ): 335-341.[10] Li, K. F., Xia, T. H. The Application of Advanced Composite Material in Tail Driver Shaft of the …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… material change due to the deposited decomposition products. However, these degradation products could not …” „… sustainable lubricants for electromechanical drive systems. Materials Science and Engineering Technology (2023 …” „… . IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 624 (2019) 1, pp. 12011, doi …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… and consequently causes the noise which is to be optimized. The non-linear material properties of the …” „… . For this reason, vibration is induced in the gearbox. Because of the nonlinear material behavior of …” „… defined and the materials were assigned to a job file. Figure 11 shows this FE-model. Instead of a load …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… (according to ISO 53 [7] or similar). Material is case carburized steel, gears are grinded in quality 5-6 …” „… shown in the chapter on industrial gearboxes. 3.5 Small drives using with gears in plastic materials …” „… . Therefore, the impact of profile form deviations ffα on the PPTE is high. Still, as plastic materials have …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… material, energy and oil, and be inexpensive and quick to perform. These requirements are better fulfilled …” „… wheel made of the same material, the partner undergoing positive sliding gains material, and the partner …” „… undergoing negative sliding loses material. [2, 3] Fig. 1 shows an example of scuffing failure at a hypoid …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… Linear 15 Symmetric & parabolic Gear material and heat treatment Test gears were made of representative …” „… and quality of the gear materials were compatible with ME grade steels defined in Standard BS ISO …” „… : Strength and quality of materials,” BSI Standards Publication, 2016. [6] R. D. Britton, C. D. Elcoate, M …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… into account e.g. the load carrying capacity reserves for different material pairings. It is to be …” „… into account e.g. the load carrying capacity reserves for different material pairings, this allows an …” „… flank load carrying capacity reserves of materials in the areas of positive specific sliding are not …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… statistically distributed material inhomogeneities and inclusions as well as variations in the material …” „… distribution function varies according to the alloy and treatment of the material. An overview of the basics of …” „… von Treppenstufenversuchen,, Materialwissenschaft undWerkstofftechnik, Volume 14, Nr. 12, S. 406-417 …”

T. Inoue, D. Iba, N. Fujita, A. Nishikawa, M. Ishii, J. Hu, H. Shimasaki, N. Miura, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki, J. Hongu Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on Plastic Gears S. 659-674

„… of module 1 mm, tooth width 10 mm, and 48 teeth. The material is MC901, an engineering plastic PA6 …” „… running test rig.Table 1: Gear specifications Test gear Master gear Material MC901 Steel Teeth …” „… operation. Since the viscoelastic properties and dielectric constant of the resin material may change …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… simulation tool. The maximum contact pressures are limited by the material properties, thus proper nonlinear …” „… basic flank surface and the target surface; defines the 𝑖-th component (positive for material removal …” „… the material limitations in terms of pitting load carrying capacity, its maximum value is restrained …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… represented by a set of fluid particles that have material properties, such as density and viscosity, and …” „… considered is a FVA3 oil. The material data of the used oils is shown in Table 2. The three speeds considered …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… as dents, scratches, corrosion, surface and sub-surface material defects, considering residual stress …” „… and Guidance Material for Large Rotorcraft” Amendment 10, 17 December 2021 [5] EP1739012A1 …”

S. Landler, M. Trübswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Parameter Based Definition of Eccentric Cycloid Gearings S. 1207-1228

„… .: Laser-based powder bed fusion of 16MnCr5 and resulting material properties. Additive Manufacturing 35 (2020 …” „… : Springer 2003 [5] Linke, H., Börner, J. and Heß, R.: Cylindrical Gears. Calculation – Materials …” „… .: Mathematical simulation of a profile cutter as a surface of revolution. IOP Conference Series: Materials …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… loads with the areas of thinner material near the holes producing lower pin loads.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …” „… , “Mechanical Calculation on the Flexible Bearing of Harmonic Driver,” IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… (pressure angle, working center distance and gear ratio), operating conditions, gears’ material and …” „… rotational speed of the pinion 1200 /Nm pinion torque 477.78 Material/- - 16MnCr5 (Class Eh) 𝒂/µm arithmetic …” „… the overlap ratio with 100 slices per unit of overlap ratio. The gears’ material properties are a …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… ; (ii) The ground plate by using a polymer material; (iii) the input shaft by using a polymer connection …” „… lubricant factor (-) σ Stephan Boltzman constant W.m−2k−4ϵ emissitivity material (-) Λ Dimensionless loss …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… possible improvement areas.4. Materials and MethodsIn this chapter, wheel specifications, part …” „… modification factor0.3 - Gear width b 30 mm Hardness HRC 60 Material SCR415 JIS (Equivalent to16MnCr5 DIN) To …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… material properties of the simulated spiral bevel gear pair. The spiral bevel gear tooth flank geometry is …” „… FE-analytical gear contact model. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 693Table 1: Gear blank geometry and material …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… model It is well known that elastic deflections of existing mating tooth pairs due to excess material on …” „… ; Calculation of Load Capacity of Cylindrical Gears; Endurance Limits And Material Qualities; 1987 [24] ISO …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… , coatings, surface finishing and material choice) show great potential to reduce friction and wear, as well …” „… und Materialauswahl von Zahnrädern, um so den temporären Einsatz unter Schmierungsverlust zu …”

M. Hausmann, E. Kirchner Investigation of the electrical impedance of the gear mesh of helical gears in an industrial gearbox S. 1173-1180

„… data are subject to ongoing research. 2. Materials and Methods In order to measure the impedance of a …”

H. Mahe Model based NVH design: e-bike application S. 1229-1238

„… housing material on skin vibration E‐motor speed(rpm)1682‐2532rpm2532‐3364rpm3364‐4205rpm4205‐5046 …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Influence of misalignment of large cylindrical gears on contact pattern in operation S. 1257-1266

„… materials used in the analysis are listed in Table 1 and Ansys setup with gear mesh can be seen on Figure 5 …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… Introduction Global energy and climate targets and the shortage of raw materials require advances in energy …” „… efficiency and material utilization. At the same time, the limited space available for mobile applications …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… simulations gives great opportunities to save resources like material, test capacities and workforce. In a …” „… of new gear unit systems. The focus is the improvement of efficiency, saving materials and increasing …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… conditions similar to damage in the existing duty cycle. 2. Methods and materials 2.1 Test gear geometry …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… GT-C/8,3/90 [16] DIN 51563:2011. Testing of Mineral Oils and Related Materials – Determination of …” „… Viscosity Temperature Relation – Slope m [17] DIN 51757:2011. Testing of mineral oils and related materials …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… lossLight Weight High strength Tooth Surface modificationHigh Strength MaterialsTooth contact …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… treatment Carburizing Gear accuracy JIS grade N2 Material SCr420H VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20237564. Friction …”

A. Donmez, A. Kahraman Experimental Investigation of Influence of Indexing Errors on Gear Rattling S. 703-714

„… baseline with no tangible indexing errors. A +30 m(negative material) indexing error is intentionally …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… Power; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, pp. 229–238 …” „… simulations of complex system’s architectures, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… compared to Flender design limits based on field experience and material testing to make sure that no …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… 15 mm Tooth quality according to DIN 3967 8d25 Pressure Angle 20 ° Material C45 Table 2: Properties …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… RecurDyn, all damping effects are neglected. This includes the hysteresis material damping of the flexible …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… ., the slow deformation of the material and the part connections subject to mechanical stresses …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… material resources are wasted on unnecessary potentials, which will never be used. A way to unleash this …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… equipped with temperature sensors which record the temperature in the material of the measurement standard …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… Materials, 47, (2015), pp. 19–28 [11] Beinstingel, A., Keller, M., Heider, M., Pinnekamp, B. and Marburg, S …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… curves. Applied Mechanics and Materials 471–472, 269–272 (2004) [7] Velex, P., Bruyère, J., Houser, D.R …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… the slide bearings is covered automatically by the FSI. The material damping of the rotating beam …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

B. Pennings Recent material developments for further optimization of pushbelt CVT power density S. 897-904

„… Recent material developments for further optimization of pushbelt CVT power density Ir. PDEng …” „… Alloy-1 material. Durability was enhanced by a factor of more than 2, representing the potential for a …” „… currently employed loop materials. The new Alloy-1 has a significantly reduced content of the cost …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… and all the components have been documented. In hands-on-workshops, material, forging and conceptual …” „… potentials of particular components. During Phase II, greater focus has been placed on materials compared to …” „… lightweight potential were generated in total for parts made from rolled long material (forgings, bolts, nuts …”

P. Gwinner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Torque-Vectoring Transmission with Reinforced Plastic Housing for an Electric Subcompact Vehicle – Measures to Integrate a Plastic Housing into an E-Drive Transmission S. 503-514

„… materials in addition to the downsizing of the gearbox components. Furthermore, a special arrangement …” „… powertrain layout features a compact design and component materials in alignment with the state of the art …” „… material Aluminum Aluminum Reinforced plastic Visio.M Powertrain Layout The Visio.M powertrain consists …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… . It has an advantage in durability of LU piston and friction material. 2- Production history of CVT …” „… development and use of friction materials to achieve better judder performance. CVT was mainly without SLU …” „… , high heat resistant friction material 6- Characteristics of CVT/ Required technology of TC for CVT (1 …”

A. Albers, K. Bause, S. Ott, S. Reichert, M. Behrendt, U. Reichert applications Tribosystemic view of CVT in drive systems – Getting tribological mechanisms in CVT under control S. 905-918

„… constraints such as surface pressure and sliding speed as well as the in uence of material-based parameters …” „… addition, new friction combinations by using new material combinations are gained. In previous works …”

R. Nasdal, U. Bernhardt Cascaded gears: Possible Applications and Experiences S. 101-108

„… create a ratio. The advantage is a reduced material content with respective benefits on package and …” „… complex architectures, leading to more ratios or reduced material content. On the other hand, as …” „… . Fig. 3: 6 speed architecture with two cascaded ratios and reduced material content due to geometric …”

R. Moehlmann Modular design for driveline mechatronic systems – Global development strategy driven by automotive market demands in the context of global competition S. 309-320

„… functional release) Bill of Material (BOM) for each module is established incl. sw-components The …” „… Bill of Material (BOM), where all needed parts (virtual & physical parts) are listed. Fig. 6 …” „… structure and software architecture to install integrated BOM´s (Bill of Material) of software- and hardware …”

W. Geis-Drescher Challenging flexibility in transmission production S. 297-308

„… / Shaving ....... Advantages: Clear material flow Team concept better applicable Disadvantages: Higher …” „… Material flow: Traceability is a must M ac hi ni ng se qu en ce 3. GEAR MACHINING Design flexibility of …”

G. Stempfer System optimization through electrification in agricultural – (and construction-) Machinery – How to find goal oriented way of electrification? S. 627-636

„… der Umwelt interagieren z.B. Boden oder Material wie Schotter was eine Beurteilung des …” „… VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 627 that these systems interact with the environment e.g. soil or material , which …”

M. Spreckels, U. Christoffer Efficient synchronizer for comfort and performance – increase of manual and dual clutch transmissions S. 207-220

„… optimized gradually by improvements of materials, manufacturing methods or the design (Fig. 1). State of …” „… smaller friction area. Therefore higher wear of the friction material is expected for the segmented …” „… linings. However a high performance friction material like the twolayer friction material EF®8000 is …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… gearboxes are widely used in materials handling and off-highway applications. Many of these applications …” „… similar torque density to an equivalent permanent magnet motor, but with up to 70% less magnet material …” „… competitive off highway and materials handling markets with them. This approach has given a motor that is …”

Preface S. 1-2

„… , • concepts for dual clutch, automatic and manual transmissions, • driveline-components and materials …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… expensive, time consuming and causes of wastage of raw materials. In this research we develop an effective …” „… disks and clutch plates, the facing of clutch disks are made of paper based materials. During the …” „… , conduct test a lot of times, needs long time and causes of wastage of raw materials. Moreover, to obtain …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, R. Fietzek Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction – Cost- Efficient and Resource-Optimized Lightweight Design based on the eLIFE and ecoLIFE3 Concepts S. 515-530

„… superfluous weight, which in turn implies higher material costs and fuel consumption. An additional aspect …” „… friendliness and customer acceptance. Cost reductions would also occur with regard to material savings. Use …” „… symmetrical approach as mentioned above. In addition to material savings, significant advantages with respect …”

O. Eriguchi SUBARU CVT toward 2020 S. 3-16

„… Better Engine Operation Light Weight Lighter at Vehicle Front Lighter Large Parts Material Composite / Replacement …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… factors such VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 141 as the viscosity, pressure difference, sliding speed, material …” „… reach from less than 0.1 to about 0.9 l/min. These are also dependent from rotating speed, material of …” „… and (bearings, force sensor, pressure bell) and additional clutch facing material. Following Fig. 10 …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… operation conditions. The layout of the shifting elements is based on data for friction materials …” „… designed so that the layout criteria of the friction materials maximum slipping speed, maximum pressure on …”

C. Fouret Fatigue Strength of pendulum components in dual mass flywheel VDI 2016 S. 271-280

„… Materials, ASTM, Vol. 5, No. 4, Dec. 1970, pp. 767- 778 [3] Miner, M. A., Cumulative damage in fatigue …”

J. Utz, V. Lichtenwald, G. Hirt Short Synchro (STSS) – reduced shift travel for MT’s and DCT’s – Development of a synchronizer system for future demands in transmissions S. 231-242

„… . This measure is especially applicable if the friction material is carefully selected and reduces the …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… of the material by maximum speed. To increase the torque of a high speed electric machine the power …” „… has to be increased by consistent material with the same flux density, which is in turn dependant of …”

O. Neuf A chain is as strong as the weakest part S. 701-718

„… mit ihren Marken einer der führenden Anbieter für Industrie Fahrzeuge im Material Handling Segment …” „… . Blick in die Zukunft Trotz laufender Optimierung und Anwendung von Verlust minimierenden Materialien …” „… Verbesserungen des Gesamtenergieverbrauches im Materialhandling Prozess zur Folge. Besonders interessant sind …”

K. Fronius, A. Harsch, P. Neuwirth, J. Gindele The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT from the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT Family – Performance for the Road and Race Track in the Compact Segment S. 53-68

„… through using high-strength materials and optimizing the gearing's microgeometry see figure 4. As such …”

R. Welter, M. Kneißler, M. Hausner, D. Schulteis The Fascination of Clutch-by-Wire S. 121-136

„… might now help to materialize this technically and commercially. Fuel consumption reduction and CO2 …” „… studies. Implementation of the idea has in most cases failed to materialize due to the high costs which …”

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… a German OEM is an excellent example for the potential of CO2 emission reduction materialized by an …”

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