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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2313 2017

Results in this title

M. lshihara Camparisen of P2 hybrid DCT actuation control system - An evaluation of Integration complexity, energy consumption and cost S. 121-122

„… Comparison of P2 Hybrid DCT Actuation Control System An Evaluation of Integration Complexity …” „… have been developed as one of the solutions to achieve the CO2 emission target and P2 hybrid system is …” „… . This paper will be focusing on value analysis of various P2 hybrid DCT actuation control system from P …”

D. Raitz, A. Englisch, T. Eckenfels The 48 V P2 hybrid-More than a bridging technology S. 27-28

„… 48 V system. The following provides details of the customized design of a 48 V P2 hybrid module for …” „… conventional powertrain. Based on these consumption figures, Schaeffler estimates that the complete P2 system …” „… The 48 V P2 hybrid – More than a bridging technology Dierk Reitz, Andreas Englisch, Thomas …”

R. Tull de Salis, J. Farssell, T. Stalfors A48-400V Ofi-Axis P2 hybrid module with minimal Impact on powertrain length -Joint development between Volvo cars and BorgWamer S. 25-26

„… system is packaged in the engine compartment, close to the e-machine. The P2 module fits Volvo Cars …” „… A 48-400V Off-Axis P2 Hybrid module with minimal impact on powertrain length Joint development …” „… Stalfors, Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden Abstract Among P0-P4 hybrid configurations the P2 …”

K. Muehlbauer, D. Schoeneberger, R. Pohlmann, W. Hackmann, H.-P. Feustel, E. Achleitner, M. Schweizer-Berberich, C. Schmidt, S. Rinderknecht Lew cost plug-in powertrain- Plug-in for the mass market S. 75-76

„… 2-Flottenzielwerte der Fahrzeughersteller zu erreichen. Aktuell befinden sich parallele (P2 und P4 …” „… , parallel (P2 and P4) and power-split PHEV are in series production, but most of them are offered for a much …” „… hybrids are currently in series production. These parallel hybrids on the market can be divided into P2 …”

O. Coppin 12+12V and 12+48V hybridization: A modular approach and transmission Impacts- Enhancing low voltage hybridization road map S. 23-24

„… way contribute to a greater vehicle fleet CO2 reduction. We will examine how 48V system can address …” „… more efficient hybridization architectures (from P1 to P4) allowing more CO2 emission reduction and …” „… of the systems integration in vehicle which can be a significant part of the total system …”

K. Kato, Y. Suzuki, A. Nishimine, S. Suenaga, K. Shimayabu, M. Tsuchida, S. Baba, T. Miyazaki Development of new plug-in hybrid transaxle for compact-class vehicles-Dual motor drive system S. 45-46

„… Development of New Plug-in Hybrid Transaxle for Compact-Class Vehicles Dual motor drive system …” „… system which can keep EV driving mode and does not consume fuel due to engine running as possible even …” „… Corporation has targeted the development of new transaxle to achieve it. For the reason above, a new system …”

R. Jäger, P. Ramminger, R. Matthé, M. Herrmann The electric propulsion system in the new OpelAmpera-e S. 51-52

„… The Electric Propulsion System in the new Opel Ampera-e Das elektrische Antriebssystem im neuen …” „… Opel Ampera-e Dr.-Ing. R. Jäger, Dr.-Ing. P. Ramminger, Dipl.-Ing. R. Matthé, Dipl.-Ing. M …” „… new Ampera-e Electric Vehicle early 2017. The propulsion system for this car as well as for the …”

G. Goch, Y. Peng, K. Ni, A. Günther Optical and areal measurements and evaluations of cylindrical gears S. 31-32

„… the widely-used gear deviation parameters (e.g. Hαf , βF , pF ) and their effective determination by …” „… (e.g. Hαf , βF , pF ) to areal parameters and their meaning in terms of both, a control of the …” „… well established in current gear tolerancing standards [2]. Based on this standardized procedure an …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023136

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

M. Shuai, M. Shuai, J. Guoguang, Z. Yidu, L. Chao, H. Haruo Research on multiple-split load sharing characteristics of 2-stage external meshing star gearing system S. 769-782

„… coefficient of system was 1.0619. Change rules of Ts1p1i, Tp2is2 shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. Fig. 8-Fig. 11 …” „… is 0, namely Fs1p11+…+Fs1p13=0, its main torque equal to the input torque; sun gear s2 of second …” „… stage will floating, the principal vector of Fs2p2i is 0, namely Fp21s2 +…+Fp23s2=0, its main torque …”

F. Yang, W. Bi Efficiency evaluation of multi-speed transmission S. 1101-1108

„… pinion on node ij can be expressed as, 2( )ij ij ij iP T …” „… flowing into the node ij is ijP , then the SRRP on the node yields to, , , , , 2( ), 0 0 ij Gi ij Bi ij …” „… between double planets in a PGT is, , 2 2, ( )Geq ig ig i i gear m V ig P P H …”

Y. Zhao Curvature interference characteristic of conical surface Enveloping Spiroid S. 835-844

„… . ia ea( ) ja ka g n ra rg uOa P g1 g2 Fig. 1: Classical spiroid drive. Fig. 2 …” „… g g i j . (3) Whereupon, a right-handed principal frame, P 1 2; , ,P g g n , can be …” „… Od i1 j1 r1 rd 1 m ad p Oaka ja kdOd id Oa ka ia g1 g2 rg( 2) P (a) Schematic diagram for …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… ) ( 2) 2 (3) (6) 2 2( ) 2 P S P S S S p pi i s s i i i i sM s p sM pplv plv s p s p …” „… , N=3. The bearing speed is P=2,500 RPM when S=5,000 RPM from equation (5). Using 1x3x1 GRW …” „… manufacturer-specified [6] controller efficiency in (%). 2 (11) 100% (12) W M M C C W MECH OUT C P I R P P P P …”

W. Wang, L. Han, Q. Yan, C. Xiang, Y. Li Research on the dynamic power split characteristics and the electric power coordinated control for a hybrid transmission system S. 131-142

„… change. EVT1： 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 (1 )(1 ) (1 )(1 ) (1 k )(1 k ) k ka i o i i o a k k k k k kP P n T P …” „… opening 0 50 100 150 200 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 time/s en gi ne p ow er /(1 05 W ) without coordinated …” „… power at 60% throttle opening 0 50 100 150 200 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 time/s m ot or B p ow er /(1 05 W …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… ISBN 978-3-18-092294-2 VD I- G P P In te rn at io na l Co nf er en ce o n G ea rs 2 01 7 V D …” „… jeweiligen Vortragenden bzw. Autoren wieder. Printed in Germany. ISSN 0083-5560 ISBN 978-3-18-092294-2 …” „… and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks P. Tenberge A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function …”

K. Togai, N. Fujinaga A reduced order internal combustion engine model for transmission development S. 1191-1198

„… equation (2). fuelfuelimech QmP (2) Where Pmech: converted mechanical power in a combustion …” „… cythm )( m mm m V RTmP Ts sGth 1 1)( VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171194 Fig. 2 …” „… Control by DBW System - Strategy and Modeling, SAE Technical Paper 890760, 1989 [2] E. Hendrics, SI …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… .: Verformungsmessung an Fahrzeuggetrieben auf einem Koordinatenmeßgerät; Antriebstechnik 33 Nr. 1-2 (1994), p. 47–50 …” „… Model for the Complete Transmission System. SAE transactions - Journal of Passenger Cars (2002), p …” „… the system shaft-bearing-housing. Most of the calculation programs use analytical approaches. The …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… principle and ratios optimization for the SDAT system 2.1 The structure of the proposed SDAT system As …” „… and Fig. 2. Where in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the SDAT system includes dry-fiction clutch C, brake band B …” „… engagement of the off-going brake band. Fig. 1 Schematic of the powertrain system Fig. 2: 3D exploded …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract No.51475053. 0 1/4 1/2 0 1 2 ωc(2π) P1 …” „… P3 0 1/4 1/2 0 1 2 ωc(2π) P2 P4 0 1/4 1/2 0 1 2 ωc(2π) P1 P3 0 1/4 1/2 0 1 2 ωc(2π) P2 P …” „… of planetary transmissions. Mechanism & Machine Theory 29(1994)8 pp. 1151-1165 [2] Velex P …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… manufacturing technologies are, for example, the need for system downsizing in transmissions and differentials …” „… successful validation of an eDrive gearbox with a PM intermediate gear is the main outcome of this work. 2 …” „… the own developed predictive FEA tools for surface densification process, Figure 2. VDI-Berichte Nr …”

B. Guilbert, P. Cutuli, P. Velex Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears S. 623-634

„… new DOF vector comprising 2X sub-structure master node DOFs and 32 33 1 ( )T rijNL I M P mortar …” „… - 660, 1996, DOI:10.1006/jsvi.1996.0148. [2] Baud, S., Velex, P., Static and dynamic tooth loading in …” „… response, International gear conference, p1029-1037, vol. 2, Lyon, 26th-28th August 2014. [10] Herting …”

D. Talbot, A. Kahraman Simulation of gear wear using a dynamic load distribution model S. 5-16

„… Accumulation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) e s x s i i x u t t k t dx u t h p 1 2max( , )n n h h h 1n n 1 …” „… ( ) ( ) ( ) sTs b s s i b u h kp s ds k u p x dt k p x dx u (2b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) j j b t sj ij …” „… j j ij b t u t h t k t p t dx u t . (2c) where iu is the surface velocity of the pinion or …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… , International Journal of Fatigue 28 (2006), p. 1501-1508 [2] Murakami, Y.: Metal Fatigue: effects of small …” „… Multicomponent Fe-C Base Alloys, CALPHAD Vol. 8, No. 2, 1984, p. 173-186 [17] Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H.: The …” „… to module 10 mm. Introduction Load-carrying capacity of drive system depends strongly on the …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… achieve a higher overall system improvement. [9] Fig. 2: From left to right: Shortening of one link …” „… qualitative tolerance chain with the KC tilt of the wheel and nodes point P1 and P2 located on the shaft …” „… oil less. Pre examinations have shown the possibility of a steel-steel-pairing in worm gears [2 …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… module of 2 . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 659 Fig. 1: Cold transverse rolling of gears in three …” „… process steps [2] However, the elastic behavior of cold rolled gears can differ from the behavior of …” „… behavior. 2 Investigations on the effects of cold forming on the crystal lattice orientation inside of …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… test time by factor 2 to 3 is possible. With the help of these findings, the system service life of …” „… load spectrum truncation is performed based on a detailed system analysis of the gearbox. Exemplary …” „… factor 5 to 20 is possible depending on the original load spectrum and transmission design. 2 …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… wear data. 2. State of the Art Tribological system of grinding The tribological system can be …” „… ] © WZL Fig. 2: Simplified Energy Balance of Friction in a Tribological System [12] However, the …” „… grinding. Due to the high productivity, generating gear grinding is used mostly in serial production [2 …”

M. Nakagawa, D. Nishida, D. Sah, T. Hirogaki Development of novel test stand for three-axis driving planetary gear train control and analysis of novel PGT for noise reduction S. 331-340

„… Z 1 cp 1 cps p Z Z 1 1 Inertia ratioβ(=n2) 2 1 cpr p Z Z 2 1 …” „… cp 2 1 cps p Z Z 1 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 333 Furthermore, balance …” „… ordinary 2K-H PGT. It can be said that the Z-type PGT is a much flexible system compared to 2K-H. 0 1 2 …”

S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system simulation S. 51-60

„… Normal Modulus Helix Angle Contact Ratio R-P S-P Var. 1A 92 19 52 1.55 18.6 2.8 2.9 Var. 1B 90 19 …” „… Holistic Simulation of Gearboxes System Simulation Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Grützner, ESI ITI …” „… dynamic interactions with its environment. Holistic system simulation helps the engineer to understand …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… reliability of the system can benefit of a power loss reduction. Furthermore, the majority of the gearboxes …” „… results impossible to estimate the global efficiency of the system also because the load independent …” „… of the planet carrier. The first works performed by Daily et al [1], by Mann et al [2] and by Soo et …”

T. Saito, K. Miyamoto Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid S. 1185-1190

„… with experimental data. Since half-toroidal CVT variator system was required to analyze simultaneously …” „… efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions. In one response to these demands, internal combustion engines are …” „… disks to enable mounting in FWD vehicles.[2] Traction fluid has rheological characteristics that show a …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… radius ρaP0* 0.2 Helix angle β 25° Tool tooth height haP0* 1.4 In addition to a range of gear sizes …” „… = 45 / 54 ■ β = 25° ■ b = 4.5 … 162 mm ■ ρaP0* = 0.2 ■ haP0* = 1.4 Sc al ed To rq ue T 5 0 …” „… = 4,00 mm mn = 9,00 mm Gear data ■ αn = 20° ■ z1/2 = 45 / 54 ■ β = 25° ■ b = 4.5 … 162 mm ■ ρaP0* = 0.2 …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… fatigue phenomenon. It is strongly influenced by the tribological system between the meshing tooth flanks …” „… small outbreaks. Micropitting can be visualized as dull and matte. [2] Micropitting can affect the …” „… against micropitting acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 [2] for a gear drive operated with the same lubricant. This …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… that goal Bragg [2]. TOC is used to identify the constraining bottleneck in a system and TA is used to …” „… system. Manufacturing strategies often encompass a bundle of decision associated with operational …” „… , especially in the manufacturing system. There are a number of methods for cost calculations (that will be …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… , Tokyo. Springer Verlag. 1983 [9] NORGAUER, P; KADACH, D.; STAHL, K.: Erweiterung SCHRAD2 …” „… calculation of contact patterns M.Sc. P. Norgauer, Dr.-Ing. W. Sigmund, Dr.-Ing. D. Kadach, Prof …” „… high gear ratios in a single gear stage. FZG has developed the FVA-Software SCHRAD2 which serves for …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… error of each motion axis and pressure angle error respectively. 2. Continuous generating grinding …” „… grinded when covered by the contact trace though the stroke movement of the wheel [2]. 1-machine bed …” „… 2-table 3-workpiece 4-tailstock 5-dressing wheel 6-motorspindle 7-worm wheel 8-detection head …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… characterization using eddy current arrays, 19th WCNDT, Juni 2016, München, DGZfP-Proceedings BB 158, We.2.C.2 …” „… it is the only standardized testing method (ISO 14 104:2014 [1]; AMS 2649:2011 [2]). However …” „… be avoided. In order to evaluate the applied testing method reference blocks are necessary [6]. 2 …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… | pISSN: 2321-7308. [2] Kushwaha A.S., Wankhade A.B., Mahajan D.E., Thakur D.K., Analysis of the Ball …” „… bearings by using FEM software ANSYS. Kushwaha [2] focused his study at speed of temperature change in …” „… the system. Bishop and Etles [3] considered that temperature increase mostly depends VDI-Berichte Nr …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… region is classified by a system parameter ∈ 0.1,2.2 [8]. Each region features characteristic …” „… dynamisches Betriebsverhalten, TU München. Dissertation (2013). [2] Hasl, C., Illenberger, C., Oster, P …” „… . Thus the transmission of higher loads and speeds is enabled [2]. As failures like pitting and chipping …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… αn 20.0° αn 19.4° αn 17.5° REF I Beta 1H Beta 2N pH in N/mm² 15°C 885 kg/m³ αt 20° αt 20° αt 20 …” „… spur gears without flank VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 893 modifications [2, 14, 15]. However, for …” „… reliability in practice. 2 Calculation of the load-dependent gear losses The calculation of the …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… corrections lead to a periodic static transmission error fluctuation [2, 3] (STE(t)) and a parametric …” „… mastered [2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. An analytical tooth bending model is built in order to estimate the teeth …” „… ) estimations. The algorithm finally gives a population of “p” gears which are a combination of a macro and …”

A. Kahraman, H. Ligata Effects of external splines on deformations of ring gears of planetary gear sets S. 341-352

„… , 748-754. [2] Seager, D. L., 1970, “Load Sharing among Planet Gears”, SAE Paper 700178 [3] Ma, P., Botman …” „… positions of gages #1, #2, #3, and #5 (β=14.5, 32.2, 50.0, and 85.4%) for a 3planet system at sT 1000 Nm …” „… unique challenges stemming from a number of system-level issues. One such issue is the rim deflection …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… properties due to the selectively closed porosity between 0,2 and 0,7 of a mm, under the surface of the tooth …” „… between 0,2 and 0,7 of a mm. The densified gears can undertake higher loading conditions [2] and as a …” „… . Equation 1 shows the GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) yield surface. Φ 2 1 (1 …”

H. B. Endeshaw, S. Ekwaro-Osire, F. M. Alemayehu, J. P. Dias Estimation of remaining useful life of gears with uncertainties in loading and material parameters S. 1063-1072

„… of Helical Compound Planetary System in Wind Turbine,” J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 10(4), p. 41003 …” „… Parameters Mr. H. B. Endeshaw, Prof. S. Ekwaro-Osire, Dr. J. P. Dias, Department of Mechanical …” „… reliability of the system during its designed lifetime. For this reason, the adoption of advanced prognostics …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… . VDI Berichte, Nr. 2108.2, p. 1281-1294. [2] Hlebanja, G. (2011) Specially shaped spur gears: a step …” „… , 28.2.-3.3.2017, Kyoto. JSME, 2017, vol. 2, p. 497-502 [11] Letzelter, E., Guingand, M. De Vaujany, J.-P …” „… gears. 2. S-gear properties S-gears are defined by the cutting rack profile, which is of …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… million Eur. Thus, highest product reliability is required to safeguard the business certainty. 2 …” „… validation program on the customer’s system test rig as well as on the prototype turbine. After passing …” „… , a proven design applied in more than 2,500 gearboxes in the power range from 2.5 to 3 MW since 2003 …”

E. Chiappetta, D. Morrey Non-standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed applications S. 825-834

„… stress. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 [M Pa ] M ax im um P rin …” „… Non-Standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed …” „… profile shift on tooth flank load capacity and bending stress is studied [2]. Based on these results …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… , selected and combined to obtain the resulting efficiency map of a complete gearbox system. This paper …” „… benchmarking of transmissions. 1. Introduction To reduce the CO2-emission of vehicles, improvement is …” „… saved, the engine input energy can be decrease by 2.5-4 energy units to achieve the same power output …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… . Table 2: Test gear ˝Size 1˝ as defined in the VDI 2736-4 Normal module, mn 1 mm h*aP 0.94/0.96 Tooth …” „… number, z1/z2 17/39 h*fP 1.25/1.25 Width, b1/b2 8/6 mm ρ*fP 0.25/0.25 Pressure angle 20° Profile shift …” „… POM (VDI 2736) 90.2 86.4 85 79.6 Delrin 100 49.8 48.2 54.8 44.8 Delrin 100P 84.6 72.6 84.6 72.6 …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… system property and solutions for world class quality require a system oriented analysis and design of …” „… Speed Gears Fig. 2: High Torque Application of PM Sprockets A components awarded by …” „… MPIF is the steel drive sprocket used in the BorgWarner 800HD transfer case operating in the Hummer H2 …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method S. 1331-1342

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1333 2.3 Conversion of hob coordinate system to workpiece coordinate system …” „… . Kouji Matsuo, Hardware System Development Department, JATCO Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan; Dr.-Ing. Yoshitomo …” „… stock that must be removed from the tooth VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1331 Fig. 2: Coordinate points …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… degradation is the unsustainable route of consumption and production [2]. According to the Lowell Center for …” „… are economically feasible, harmless and healthy for a workforce, community, and clientele [2]. The …” „… section 2. The method (section 3) includes the research design and approach in this study. Results of …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1 / 1, p as se d sp ec im en , r ef er en ce load cycles N variant …” „… performed for each test variant. 106 107 108 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 H 0, 1/ H 0, 1, p as se d …” „… verification of existing tooth flank load-carrying capacity calculation methods. 2. Investigated failure …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… [1], [2]. In most studies of frictional contact systems it is presumed that nearly all of the sliding …” „… obtain a more thorough overview of the system’s behaviour. A transient numerical VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294 …” „… numerical integration tools. 2. Analysed gear geometries and loading conditions The analyses were carried …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… of the stiffness divided by the mass of the system under consideration [2][3]. Because of the low …” „… backtoback and pulsator testing. VDI, International Conference on Gears. p. 1183-1190, 2015, Vol. 2, ISBN …” „… calculation based on VDI 2736 Dipl.-Ing. C. Hasl, Dr.-Ing. P. Oster, Dr.-Ing. T. Tobie, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… each cylinder. At 0 point P and Q enter the contact with a width of 2 . Both cylinders rotate, thus …” „… , each with a different origin [2,3,4]. The ability to estimate the long-term performance is key and …” „… so-called Disc-to-Disc setup (D2D). In this test, two co-rotating discs are pressed against each other by a …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… . Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 172, pp. 87-112. [2] D. Remond, P. Velex, J. Sabot …” „… . All that procedure is here applied to a complete gearbox bogie, with two stages of meshes. The system …” „… transmits the drive torque [1- 2]. STE corresponds to the difference between the actual position of the …”

S. Jain, B. James A simulation approach to calculate gear dynamic-factors for high-speed applications S. 649-658

„… isolation and ignores the system effects is likely to give incorrect dynamic factors. 2. Dynamic factors …” „… factors for high-speed gears. We also investigate the influence of system resonances, model fidelity …” „… torque and system dynamics are generally ignored. In order to predict the life of a gear, it is …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… mechanism and sensor system. The variation in reducers loading is achieved by serial transmission mechanism …” „… acquisition system. Continuous signal sampling, online data analysis and post data analysis make the system …” „… comparator and digital micrometer. Kircanski, N. M. [2] performed experimental tests to study nonlinear …”

C. Zhang, H. Liu, C. W. Yao, Y. Li Study of vibration for spur gears of tooth profile modification and experimental validation of modification method S. 527-538

„… parts can be damaged seriously, which leads to the failure of the transmission system [1,2]. The …” „… modification method. 2. Nonlinear dynamic model Dynamic modeling of the gear system is shown in Fig.1 …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017528 Fig. 1: Single-stage spur gear system 2D dynamic model is shown in Fig. 2 …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… se a xis M A Z M 1 m ou nt in g dis ta nc e Z M 2 r w M 1 r wM 2 P Q Ω Z* Y* X* Z Y X pitch cone …” „… rwM2 raM2 rf M2 raM1 rf M1 k2M nm· c* mnP1· root cone, pinion (1) tip cone, pinion c* mnP2 …” „… section toe heel datum line Fig. 2: Axis section of a beveloid gear [14] 1 Introduction Beveloid gears …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… , CWD17 Session 2, P.19-35, Aachen, 2017 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 793 …” „… important control element for achieving an optimal load distribution. 2. Approach For this task the …” „… integral part of simulation routines. This leads to the Design of Experiments (DoE) [2,3] technique to …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… ] D ev ia tio n [µ m ] A E 1 2 Ease-Off Key 16MnCr5 p = 7,86g/cm3 Key Mat (Adjusted) p = 1,3 g/cm3 Tr …” „… , Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers M.Sc., T. Frech M.Sc., P. Scholzen M.Sc.. WZL RWTH …” „… gear body and ends up in airborne noise due to the noise radiation of structural components [2]. On …”

B. Kohn, T. Utakapan, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Flank modifications for optimal excitation behaviour S. 1319-1330

„… distribution with respect to the elastic deformations of the system and thus consist of various combinations …” „… stiffness cγ of 20 N/(mm∙μm)). If the modifications are designed as long tip relieves spanning over (2 …” „… noise mesh design is derived. Applied to mesh A, a tooth contact analysis with the program DZP [1, 2] is …”

A. Furtmann, G. Poll Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source inverters S. 109-118

„… currents. In Fig. 2 (right) and Fig. 3 all the necessary measuring points and the defined ground system …” „… . In table 2, this is further demonstrated for an example system. With each insulation – starting at …” „… the behaviour of electric motors has been investigated deeply in recent years ([2–6] and others), the …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… 1759:2013: Estimation of tooth bending strength of cylindrical plastic gears, (2016) 1-41. [2] Dempsey, P …” „… sound and vibration from the meshing gear pairs are used for the failure detection [2]. However, these …” „… printing object for the crack detection sensor in this study. 2. Conductive ink In this study, NPS-J …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… – Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons. [2] Catalog: Industrial Gear Units, P.002-P.102 Series Planetary …” „… kN to 680 kN permitted in the middle of the output shaft (see Fig. 1a) [2]. The diameters of the …” „… ” and “reference”. 2. Experimental Processing the Dhonau-SEW ADI, 3 tons of liquid iron were melted …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… (2-2) within the measurement coordinate system (x, y), the translation vector , and the angle ϕ0 are …” „… radius of the measured point in polar coordinates within the workpiece coordinate system. 2.2 …” „… . 659-695. [2] NORM ISO 1328-1, 2013. Cylindrical gears - ISO system of flank tolerance classification …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… solid theoretical foundation for the design of nutation drive systems. 2. System parameter …” „… °. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 437 2.2 The effect of system parameters on efficiency The transmission efficiency …” „… , 1997, 95(2): 30-34 [4] P. Elu, Y. Kemper. Performance of a nutating traction drive. American Society …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… providing justification why they use the serial formula for the planets. 6.2 System reliability The …” „… request a system reliability proof from the gearbox manufacturers. The AGMA committee reviewing AGMA 6006 …” „… component are very handy, it lacks an easy statement about the failure probability of the full system. This …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… the crack tip to the fatigued zone leads to an enlargement of the total crack [2]. In order to …” „… enables a fundamental gain in knowledge to avoid pittings. 2. Objective and Approach The objective …” „… and depth for each material system is evaluated to understand the crack formation. The analysis …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… . Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, M. Millson, School of Engineering and WMG, Warwick University, Coventry, UK; P …” „… and commercial standards for the design of polymer composite gears [1, 2] developed mainly using …” „… machined gears. 2. EXPERIMENTAL TEST RIGS AND GEAR SPECIFICATIONS Two unique test rigs, one for dry …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… Center distance (mm) 61.5 94.0 Total contact ratio 3.03 2.26 3.2 Vibration measurement system …” „… [1,2]. The loaded static transmission error (STE) is widely used for evaluating gear mesh excitation …” „… loaded STE. 2. Methodology for estimating loaded STE and relative tooth surface deviation 2 …”

Y. Wang, B. Peng, G. Liu, L. Liu Design of transmission accuracy of the involute cylindrical gear-worm gear system under large temperature difference based on FE method S. 491-502

„… transmission system is: 12worm 2 3 worm 1 2 ii r j i r j j p z 1321 2 …” „… transmission of the movement. 2. The structure and working principle of the transmission system An example …” „… of gear1 and gear2 Maximum hysteresis of gear2 and gear3 Maximum hysteresis of system 0℃ (μm …”

I. Moriwaki, R. Kikuchi, D. Iba, M. Nakamura, M. Nagatsuka Contact pattern control with simple cutter motion in face-milling of zerol bevel gears using 5-axis machine S. 1379-1390

„… coordinate system SF as shown in Fig.3. Table 2: Data on face-mill cutter. Table 1: Gear data on Zerol …” „… the coordinate system SF. Meanwhile, a gear blank only rotates about z2-axis, so that we can also …” „… tooth contact patterns. 2. Machine Settings for 5-Axis Machine When bevel gears with a tapered …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… it would occupy if the gear drive were perfectly conjugate when the input torque is constant [2]. As …” „… line, tangent to the base radius Rb2, is the TE (Equation 1). TE= (θ2 actual-θ2 ideal) Rb2 …” „… practical use, mesh misalignment (fma) [8] and appropriate micro modifications are considered. 2 Gear …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… ), (1953) 2. Rabinowicz, E., Dunn, L. A., Russell, P. G.: A study of abrasive wear under three-body …” „… of the current theory will be discussed and a possible solution proposed. 2. Archard’s wear …” „… prediction of wear depth for different applications. In Archard’s theory, the tribological system consists …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… under consideration of the local deformation behavior of the gear system. By considering the geometrical …” „… assumption can be verified by the test rig results. 2. Introduction For transformation of torque and speed …” „… potential for innovative and efficient drive system and component solutions. Different to common and widely …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… been created based upon software products. These contributions ensure better technical indicators. 2 …” „… simultaneously application of the systematic approach and the software system ABAQUS by the solving the problem …” „… 3000. Compared to conventional mechanical drives, the planetary gear trains are characterized with 2 …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… parameters. 2. Why are High Performance Alloys in Demand? High performance alloys offer the possibility of …” „… were still visible even at very low Ra values (see Figure 2). Additionally, REM found “white spots …” „… specimen coupons with Ra roughness values under 2 µin—well below the typically specified 4 µin upper limit …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… progress in a certain application is possible. 2. Wear and fatigue model of the tooth flank surface The …” „… [3]. In Fig. 2 the test program and the used lubricants are summarized: Fig. 2: Test program …” „… change significantly. Lubricant one lubricant 1 lubricant 2 profile form deviation [µm] A B C D E -5 0 …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… ZNT factors provided by the Standard ISO 6336-5 [2], which practically define the shape of the S-N …” „… reproduced, have been performed by means of a back-to-back spur gear test rig. 2. Material The material is …” „… . The chemical composition is reported in Table 1, while Table 2 shows the mechanical properties …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… coupling-rotor system subject to misalignment and unbalance. Part 1: Theoretical model analysis. Part 2 …” „… , LTDS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France; P.-H. Cornuault, Femto-ST, Dpt de …” „… torque equal to 3 N.m. Fig. 1: Window-lift gear motor. Steel stator (1) – permanent magnet (2 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

Results in this title

C. A. Spangler Borg Warner’s P1 and P2 hybrid drive modules – Modular kit for P1 and P2 hybrids S. I-221-I-232

„… Hybrid System Functionality Modular Kit for P1 and P2 Hybrid Architectures In response to the …” „… electric drive system items for P1 and P2 modules BorgWarner can also leverage other traditional mechanical …” „… to using a P0 starter system with a 48V P2 module. This system allows the maximum usage of the 48V …”

P. Cholvy, P. Armiroli 48V eDRIVE Modularity: An answer to eMobility complexity S. I-213-I-220

„… tackle this complexity and achieve CO2 targets. On top of fuel economy, the 48V P4 System is also …” „… . Fig 2: PSA O2C System specification per segment Vehicles electrification leads to a variety of …” „… . Simulation and prototype testing are confirming the potential CO2 savings offered by 48V systems for P0P2/P3 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-X

„… system in the new Corsa-e � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173 P. Ramminger, R. Jäger, Opel …” „… P2 hybrid drive modules – Modular kit for P1 and P2 hybrids � � � � � � � � 221 C. A …” „… a 2-speed gearbox � � � � � � � � � � � 233 P. Tenberge, A. Alnahlaui, Ruhr-University …”

A. Manelli, F. Filippo Irato, C. Cavallino, R. Gay e-FDU: Concept, develop & industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain – From concept to industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain in 24 month S. I-45-I-78

„… which undertake the function of disconnect system. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 45 2 Keywords E - Axle …” „… , 2017-01-1845 (2017). [2]. Galvagno E., Gutierrez P., Velardocchia M., and Vigliani A.: A Theoretical …” „… e-FDU: Concept, Develop & Industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain From Concept to …”

K. Sabzewari, M. Vieracker, J. Sagstetter Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle S. I-89-I-102

„… 2 and P4 and power-split hybrids. The parallel hybrid approaches are based on conventional …” „… disadvantage of such a power-split concept [1]. 2. Powertrain approach As a system supplier, Vitesco …” „… lower than existing P2/P4 PHEV Vehicle category C-segment, < 1500 kg Evaluation basis Worldwide …”

P. Schwanemann, T. Pfund Market-driven electric motor designs from Schaeffler – Optimized electric motor design process via technology and production kits S. II-1-II-16

„… drivetrains have been developed. The main driving force behind this is CO2 legislation and type authorization …” „… solution space (Fig. 2). This again still does not show the full big picture as each solution can be …” „… combined with one or more of the others to generate a system that further improves the overall powertrain …”

B. Pohle, M. Clauß, J. R. Schwarz, E. Schwiederik, D. Lasuen Design optimization of battery systems by multiphysics simulation S. II-89-II-96

„… most used models are the SPM (single particle model) [3], eSPM (extended single particle model and p2 …” „… in the anode, cathode and separator. The p2d is a pseudo 2d model (onedimensional) with more than …” „… one particle in each electrode. Figure 2 shows the p2d model with five particles in each electrode …”

P. Ramet Dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHT) by PUNCH Powerglide – Innovative concepts for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging S. I-253-I-270

„… achieving future emission standards. Other approaches, such as P2, P3 and P4 hybrid solutions, have shown …” „… wheels, EM1 and EM2 power can be halved, which is an additional argument to use a 48V system …” „… to a large extent existing transmissions and adding electrification concepts such as P0, P1, P2, P3 …”

T. Korb, M. Nussbaumer, S. Rinderknecht Generic optimization environment and knowledge-based guided evolutionary algorithms for automated transmission calibration – Method to generate a knowledge base through impact analysis of parameters a... S. I-355-I-384

„… evaluations like VDV or P2P, reference values are needed, to classify the obtained scalars. This is possible …” „… ‘Vibration Dose Value’ and is an assessment value for oscillations, which is explained later. P2P means …” „… ) determines the new functional parameter value (p12) for the ‘descendant’, represented by a red X in figure 2 …”

A. Riegauf Transferability of economic electrification concepts in heavy goods traffic to mobile machinery S. I-435-II-VIII

„… Scalable power supply 3 n5 21 4 Modular battery system 1… n m od ul es / pa ck s & s am e ty pe s H2 …” „… -storage 1 n 1… n m od ul es & di ffe re nt ty pe s Adaptable gateway 1 4 5 2 3 n Fuel cell system 1 …” „… development costs ● High system complexity Performance scaling by connecting stack or BoP-components ● High …”

P. Tenberge, A. Alnahlaui E-drive and hybrid-drive with 2 high-speed E-motors and a 2-speed gearbox S. I-233-I-252

„… Hybrid System THS, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1997 [2] Dong, P.: Modelling and Simulation for Optimized …” „… drive system are made with 2 switchable one-way clutches, which consume almost no switching energy and …” „… electric motors, however, an electric drive system with 2 speeds or 2 driving modes and load shiftings can …”

K. Sakai, T. Kishimoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Maekawa, T. Shinohara, M. Ogawa Development of the new chain CVT for middle capacity S. I-79-I-88

„… : Hydraulic system chart 3.2.1. Independent Hydraulic Control of Secondary pressure Independent hydraulic …” „… IMPREZA, SUBARU Technical Review No.44 (2017), P48-52 [2] Hiroko, Aoki. et al. Development of Design …” „… which has enlarged ratio coverage and new hydraulic system. This article introduces devices and those …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, A. Forell, M. Sens, E. Schreiterer, R. Kockisch, J. Müller, E. Schneider The systematic way to your sustainable powertrain platform – holistic and customizable – Systematical methods to investigate mobility scenarios of tomorrow S. I-385-I-402

„… topologies - P2(X), parallel-integrated and P3 - does not show an obvious trend towards one specific system …” „… the rough package situation is added to the system investigation. At this point the P2 configurations …” „… traditional TtW view by adding the CO2 influences for the WtW and CtG system limits. In particular, this …”

M. Grill, M.-T. Keskin, M. Bargende Virtual RDE: Ensuring RDE conformity of hybridized powertrains in the early stage of the development process S. I-343-I-354

„… with 2l of displacement volume and a start-stop system was used. For a gasoline engine, the same …” „… critical operating conditions for the exhaust aftertreatment system at an early stage in the development …” „… inertia. There are two challenges regarding 1D simulation of RDE: Combustion system development is …”

P. Ramminger, R. Jäger Evolution of the drivetrain and high voltage system in the new Corsa-e S. I-173-I-194

„… 394.2 V 350 V Peak Power / Energy 3,3 2,67 Cells, configuration 216 (2P, 108S) 288 (3P, 96S …” „… .] Ramminger, Dr. P, Schade, G.: The propulsion, energy storage and charging system of the new Opel Corsa-e …” „… : Institute of Electrochemical Process Engineering) [4.] Ramminger, Dr. P.: The propulsion system of the new …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Investigation and potential analysis of shiftable form-locked one-way clutches for hybrid and electric vehicles S. I-133-I-148

„… brakes consisting of friction clutch (2nd gear) and MMCM (1st gear). Fig. 4: Propulsion system types …” „… advantages can be achieved: A small 2-speed electric vehicle (m = 1350 kg, P = 125 kW) with planetary …” „… the MMCM and selected application possibilities of different propulsion system layouts (conventional …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen, J. Peter The front-axle drive of the MEB – Volkswagen expands the e-drive portfolio S. I-7-I-26

„… [2] K. Blumenröder, K. Bennewitz, P. Lück, et.al. Der neue Modulare E-Antriebs-Baukasten von …” „… vorgestellt. Neben dem Hauptantrieb mit einer 150 kW Elektromaschine an der Hinterachse [2], [3] ist nun auch …” „… addition to the main drive with a 150 kW electric machine on the rear axle [2], [3], the front axle is …”

S. Demmerer Next generation electric drives S. II-63-II-74

„… Verringerung der Schleppverluste. e2Drive ist der 2-Gang-Antrieb von ZF zur gleichzeitigen Verbesserung von …” „… element to lower drag losses. e2Drive is ZF’s 2-speed approach to simultaneously enhance driving …” „… ) configuration with 2 electric drives, one at the front axle and one at the rear axle, does not need all the …”

V. Null A new generation of thermal fluid technology for high performance charging of electric vehicles – How new thermal fluids can enhance battery performance in EVs S. II-97-II-108

„… . This new generation of thermal fluids offers the potential to rethink system integration with other …” „… use water/glycol mixtures [1, 2], phase change materials or immersive coolants [3, 4]. Tesla has …” „… opted for a water/glycol system in which the coolant passes through a snake-like series of pipes in …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Sutschet, J. Kern Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV S. I-119-I-132

„… efficiency and power density,“ in 16. Internationales CTI Symposium, Berlin, 2017. [2] Gwinner, P. Stahl …” „… Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV M.Sc. H. Gürbüz, IPEK – Institut für …” „… , prototypes of a clutch system for high speed drives with 30,000 rpm were developed in a consortium project …”

L. Wittmann, M. Wein, M. Wolf Consistently quattro S. I-159-I-172

„… the Potential of Electric Mobility]; Springer Vieweg; 2017; chapter 2, p.10 [3] Audi internal [4 …” „… Geneva Motor Show in March 1980. A five-cylinder 2.1 litre 147 kW (200 hp) turbo engine catapulted the …” „… flexibility of the Torsen differential, the anti-lock braking system remained effective whenever it was …”

A. Esser, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Real-driving-based comparison of the eco-impact of powertrain concepts using a data-driven optimization environment S. I-309-I-342

„… vehicle (0,1,1,0,1,0,1) PHEV PHEV-E10 Plug-in hybrid (P2 configuration) with petrol engine …” „… (1,1,0,0,1,1,1) PHEV-CNG Plug-in hybrid (P2-configuration) with CNG engine (1,1,0,0,1,1,1) VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 325 mode. The exemplary operating behavior of a PHEV in P2-configuration, that …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek - Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas

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Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek

Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 803 2017

Results in this title

System Properties of the Air Path with HP- and LP-EGR S. 34-60

„… relationships from the process states. Note, that the fast pressure dynamics of p2i and p3 4.1 Air Path System …” „… , which can be seen in the quantities p2i and ntc. 4.1.2 VGT-Actuator System Responses Next, the …” „… of p2i and p3, which are superimposed by the slow turbocharger dynamics of ntc. These dynamics …”

Appendix S. 172-189

„… approach the cylinder charge can be described by the quantities p2i and x2i, while the quantities neng …” „… fLOLIMOT uinj;p2i 0.958 23.95 0.958 24.02 fLOLIMOT uinj;p2i; neng 0.977 17.85 0.977 17.83 fLOLIMOT …” „… uinj;p2i; neng; 'mi 0.984 14.41 0.985 14.54 fLOLIMOT uinj;p21i; neng; 'Q50 0.986 13.64 0.986 13.83 …”

Bibliography S. 190-204

„… Diesel engine. MTZ worldwide edition, 70(2):4–10. Eidenböck, T., Mayr, K., Neuhauser, W., and Staub, P …” „… , P. and Chauvin, J. (2011). Modeling and control of the air system of a turbocharged gasoline engine …” „… ., Shutty, J., and Keller, P. (2005). Future breathing system requirements for clean Diesel engines. In 14 …”

Air Path Control Design and Dynamical Reference Value Generation S. 102-167

„… EGR-system. An optimised actuator position of two controlled variables Pmair and p2i, respectively Pmair and …” „… charge-air pressure p2i. With this p3-control a VGT-trajectory results from an inverted turbine mass flow …” „… , which controls the measured quantities exhaust back pressure p3, charge-air pressure p2i and air mass …”

Semi-Physical Mean Value Engine Model S. 12-33

„… dxst dt D 1 mst " pX iD1 .xin;i xst/ Pmin;i # : (3.17) 3.1 Intake and Exhaust System 17 Figure 3.2 …” „… lumped storage elements in the gas system can be regarded as open thermodynamic systems with p inflowing …” „… (3.1) and energy dUst dt D pX iD1 hin;i Pmin;i qX jD1 hout Pmout;j PQw;st: (3.2) The change in …”

Emission and Combustion Models S. 61-85

„… exhaust system and the sensor itself. The micro soot measurement shows a dead time Td;tot;mss between 2 s …” „… charge dynamically correct, the states x2i, p2i and T2i in the intake manifold are chosen, because these …” „… uinj the quantities Pmair, p2i, 'Q50 and T2i are closed-loop controlled2 to reference values of a full …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.1.2 VGT-Actuator System Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.3 LP-EGR/ETH …” „… Stationary System Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.2.1 Properties of …” „… Explanation Unit p1 pressure before the compressor Pa or bar p2c pressure after the compressor Pa or bar p2i …”

Optimisation of the Reference Values for the Air Path Control S. 86-101

„… ) compare a Pmair and p2i control scheme to a control of intake manifold air content x2i and p2i. The Pmair …” „… rate Pmair and charge-air pressure p2i. In this general structure the stationary reference values are …” „… influence the air path quantities Pmair and p2i. These air path quantities determine the cylinder charge and …”

Engine Configuration and Modelling S. 8-11

„… Tschöke (2010); Reif (2012). Fig. 2.1 shows the system configuration of the test engine having a single …” „… two EGR-Systems 9 Figure 2.1: System configuration for the investigated turbocharged engine with HP …” „… directly measured (p2i; Pmair; : : :). When only simulated quantities are considered, the shown quantities …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186803122

Christoph Hartung - Zur algebraischen Untersuchung der Steuerbarkeit und der Stabilisierbarkeit linearer zeitinvarianter Systeme

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Christoph Hartung

Zur algebraischen Untersuchung der Steuerbarkeit und der Stabilisierbarkeit linearer zeitinvarianter Systeme

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1247 2016

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Lineare Systeme mit unsicheren Matrizen S. 20-45

„… drei Parameter p1, p2 und p3 sind positiv. Die Gleichung (3.1) kann mit dem folgenden System der Form …” „… zeitinvariante System (3.2) mit p1 = p 2 2/p 2 3 ist beispielsweise nicht steuerbar. Unter Verwendung der …” „… eine Geschwindigkeit, sodass das System (3.2) nicht steuerbar ist. Mit q = (p2,−p3)T ∈ Q ist dann der …”

Vorzeichen-Steuerbarkeit und -Stabilisierbarkeit S. 79-107

„… Vorzeichen-Steuerbarkeit und -Stabilisierbarkeit Beweis. Das Vorzeichen-System (A,B) ist nach Satz 2.5.(iv) genau dann …” „… ) = R5 ( +• +• ) = ( +• −• ) und( 3P1 3D1 ) = R3 ( +• +• ) = ( +• +• ) sowie D = ⎛ ⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝ +• 2D1 …” „… +• 4D1 −• 6D1 1P2 +• 3D2 4D2 5D2 6D2 −• 2P3 +• 4D3 −• 6D3 1P4 2P4 3P4 +• 5D4 6D4 −• 2P5 −• 4P5 …”

Komplexe Eigenpaare von Vorzeichenmatrizen S. 46-78

„… , . . . , rne jϕn)T ∈ Cn und y = (p1e jϑ1 , p2e jϑ2 , . . . , pne jϑn)T ∈ Cn wie folgt definiert x ∼ y …” „… beschrieben D = ⎛ ⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝ 1D1 2D1 3D1 4D1 1P2 2D2 3D2 4D2 1P3 2P3 3D3 4D3 1P4 2P4 3P4 4D4 ⎞ ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠ = ⎛ ⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝ 1D1 …” „… 1D2 1D3 1D4 −2P1 2D2 2D3 2D4 −3P1 −3P2 3D3 3D4 −4P1 −4P2 −4P3 4D4 ⎞ ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠ . Der konkrete Betrag …”

Einleitung S. 1-6

„… angenommen wird, dass ein lineares zeitinvariantes System der Form (1.1) eine Eigenschaft P besitzt, wenn es …” „… System von linearen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung, d.h. einem linearen zeitinvarianten System …” „… technische Prozess, den das lineare zeitinvariante System der Form (1.1) beschreibt, soll in einer typischen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ferdinand Svaricek 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dipl.-Math. Klaus Röbenack …” „… Vorzeichen-Systeme vereint. Ein unsicheres System ist streng strukturell steuerbar, vorzeichen-steuerbar …” „… , vorzeichen-stabil oder vorzeichen-stabilisierbar, wenn jeweils jedes System der Klasse steuerbar, stabil oder …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 113-122

„… (1998), Nr. 2, S. 355–364 [VDW91] Van Der Woude, JW: On the structure at infinity of a structured system …” „… Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 14 (1992), Nr. 2, S. 127–144 [Bro70] Brockett, Roger: Finite …” „… ; Driessche, P van d.: Allow problems concerning spectral properties of sign pattern matrices: A survey. In …”

Mathematische Grundlagen S. 7-19

„… sind allgemein bekannt. (i) wird beispielsweise in [HJ13, S. 145] als Aufgabe 2.5.P46 gestellt, oder in …” „… Matrix-Exponentialfunktion ist. Definition 2.2 (Stabilität): Das lineare zeitinvariante System (1.1) ist asymptotisch stabil …” „… Stabilität eines linearen System der Form (1.1) mit dem folgenden Satz untersucht werden kann. 10 2 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186247087

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