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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the …” „… such as wind turbine gearboxes. An interface that is both, hard to lubricate and prone to relative …” „… interface of the high-speed intermediate shaft of a typical Planet-Planet-Helical (PPH) wind turbine gearbox …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxesSteffen Hendricks M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. Mareike Solf …” „… gears for wind turbines are usually made of case-hardened steel. However, case hardening is a very …” „… manufacturing technologies for manufacturing spur and helical gears and is widely used in wind power, automotive …”

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 B. Sc. Wim Smet, ZF Wind Power …” „… wind industry gearboxes, gears are developed according to ISO 6336 standards with required safeties as …” „… used processes for wind industry gears as required in IEC 61400-4 [6]. This guiding is mainly developed …”

N. De Bie, W. Smet, T. Van Der Kamp Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements S. 291-300

„… . Nico De Bie, B. Sc. Wim Smet, B. Sc. Tom Van Der Kamp, ZF Wind Power, Lommel, Belgium Zusammenfassung …” „… measurement campaign. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 291Introduction The wind industry has been witnessing a …” „… measurements in the tooth root – the commonly used method in the wind industry to assess gear flank load …”

A. Baseer, B. Bauer, C. Wang Mesh Load Factor in Multiple Planetary Stage Gearboxes S. 281-290

„… substituted by the PPH concept for power levels in the range of 3-5 MW. As the power level of the wind turbine …” „… on a test rig for a PPP gearbox. The validated gearbox is then integrated into a wind turbine …” „… drivetrain of a wind turbine to analyze those impact on the mesh load factor as well as the system behavior …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… Wind loss by gearrotationLow Lubricant pump lossOther loss Gear acceleration lossLubricant acceleration …” „… airflow with the wind speed equivalent to the gear circumferential speed exists in the periphery near the …” „… confirmed that the flow of these airflows was linked to the gear circumferential speed, and that the wind …”

J. Sanchez-Espiga, A. Diez-Ibarbia, M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez-del-Rincon, F. Viadero, J. Calvo-Irisarri, A. Fernandez-Sison Statistical study of the mesh load factor of planetary gear transmissions affected by inherent manufacturing errors S. 139-156

„… the mesh load factor in wind-turbine planetary transmissions: Tooth thickness errors,” Mech. Mach …” „… for industrial applications such as wind generators [1]–[3], automatic vehicles [4], [5], helicopter …” „… planetary transmissions specially designed for wind generators, the standard is set by the IEC 61400 [21 …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… complete gearbox systems and for wind turbine gearboxes even the implementation of surrounding structures …” „… into account, the meshing is very complex and for a modern planetary gearbox for a wind turbine with 3 …” „… , whereas new wind gearbox designs consider 7 or more planets in the main stage, and up to five in the …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… beschrieben. Diese Methode wird dann auf unterschiedliche Getriebearten wie Industrie-, EV-, Militär-, Wind …” „… , wind, military and small plastic gear drives are analyzed. 3.1 Industrial gear drives Industrial gear …” „… display shows ffα and ffβ up to quality 6. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 3793.4 Wind turbines Different …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… Brecher [15]. For a wind turbine gearbox, Kamps [13] and Leimann [12] observed a variation of the load …” „… a wind turbine gearbox and identified a dependency of the load distribution and tooth root stresses …” „… ) The effects of non-torque loads on a three-point suspension gearbox for wind turbines. Int. J. Energy …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… . Abstract According to the German Federal Environment Agency, wind energy systems (WES) account for the …” „… competence center for wind energy. With the installation of a large coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and …” „… energy comes from wind power. A further increase in this power generation source is nevertheless …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… industries including Automotive and Wind. These system driveline tools provide quicker more focussed …” „… frequently used in gearbox engineering in the automotive and wind industries. A model for Strain Wave …” „… mature shaft, bearing and casing models that are currently employed by the automotive and wind industries …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… reliable specifications. Most sources refer to measurements on wind turbine gearboxes or report on indirect …” „… . Butterfield und B. McNiff, „Improving Wind Turbine,“ Wind Energy Conference, 2007. [2] H. Zhang, R. De Luna …” „… , M. Pilas und J. Wenske, „A study of mechanical torque measurement on the wind turbine drive train …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… wind turbine gearbox. They compared the loads applied to and the deflection of planetary gears with …” „… was not subjected to validation in their study. A further validation project for a wind turbine …” „… .; Schroers, M.; Löpenhaus, C.; Brecher, C.: Validation of the gearbox load calculation of a wind turbine MBS …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… , such as offshore wind power drives. Pitting damage on gears usu-ally occurs on single or adjacent teeth …” „… Control of Wind Power Drives“, in Conference Proceedings Conference for Wind Power Drives, Eurogress …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… . Van Der Kamp, ZF Wind Power, Lommel, Belgium Load capacityReview of the definition of the loads for …” „… improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle …” „… Niš, SerbiaGear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 1267W. Smet, ZF Wind …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… a wind turbine gearbox using a coupled flexible multibody approach. Conf. Wind Power Drives 2015 …”

J. Zheng, D. Qin, C. Liu A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission S. 1279-1286

„… have been widely used in electric vehicles, wind power, and aircraft engines. However, in the process …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry Dr. M …” „… windage power losses (WPL) in high speed transmissions can be mitigated by flanges and/or shrouds close to …” „… losses can become substantial for high-speed gears. Among these losses, the so-called windage power …”

D. Krüger Reuse S. 3-12

„… be sufficiently stiff to avoid wind-up by the transmitted torque which would lead to further …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… gear units are frequently used in many practical applications, e.g. in wind energy and industrial …” „… practical application. In the last decade, the requirements and transmittable power increased, e.g. in wind …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… methodology for 3D reconstruction of large-dimension case-hardened gear teeth for the wind sector. Among the …” „… . and Benson, R.E.: A Novel Approach to the Refurbishment of Wind Turbine Gears, American Gear …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… , Iris Bergmann [2] White structure flaking (WSF) in wind turbine gearbox bearings: effects of …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… wind turbine or a small one for a vehicle, there is still a need for development in its functionality …”

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… relevant but for this example (windturbines) not sufficient and satisfying the customers. 3 Wolfrom …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… power losses of bearing, churning and windage are obtained by the widely recognized empirical model, and …” „… then the gear transmission efficiency is calculated by Eq. (14). ( )100%mesh windage churning bearingP …” „… WE R E R，，， (17)Townsend [14] gives a detailed formula for calculating the windage loss, as shown …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… ] are suggested to isolate different contributions, namely windage, churning, and oil pocketing power …” „… RIU*.VNW(F*.LNX*.LN YZ !! %Z* [*.N Windage losses have been investigated by multiple authors [2] and[12]. However …” „… . )+* RUZEK, Michal, VILLE, Fabrice, VELEX, Philippe, et al. On windage losses in high-speed pinion-gear pairs …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… experimental comparison of the oil flow and the opportunities reducing the churning and windage losses. In …” „… .: Windage, churning and pocketing power losses of gears: different modeling approaches for different goals …” „… the power losses in geared transmissions: windage, churing and cavitation simulations with a new …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… sub-categories: churning (PLG0,C), windage (PLG0,W) and squeezing losses (PLG0,S). Churning and windage are …” „… lubrication, while windage has an impact only when gears strongly interact with air (e.g. injection …” „… concerns the windage losses, the first studies were performed in the ’80 by Anderson and Loewenthal [20 …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… been actively studied and discussed since 1950 [1–8]. In parallel, the churning and windage losses of …” „… windage and stirring; and Tbearing is the bearing torque loss. In this study, the spin loss was measured …” „… JSME, 16(95) ,1973, pp. 881–892. [10] Dawson, P.: Windage loss in larger high-speed gears. Proceedings …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Betriebsbedingungen wie negative g-Kräfte oder Windmilling und Gewichtseinsparungsmaßnahmen, die den Wegfall von …” „… or windmilling, which result in loss of lubrication conditions (LOL). An experimental campaign has …” „… high-pressure jet lubrication, which is interrupted by certain operating conditions such as windmilling or …”

B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears S. 779-784

„… and oil pressure loss, (ii) windmilling with the engine and oil pump shut down despite the fan is …” „… : 10.1080/10402004.2016.1231358 [She10] Sheridan, W. G.: Rotor Brake and Windmilling Lubrication System for Geared Turbofan Engine …” „… . Patent No.: US 7,849,668 B2 (2010). [She20] Sheridan, W. G.: Windmill and Negative-g Oil System for …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… tooth winding was doubled per step. Starting with step 3, only the meshing of the quarter in contact was …” „… has one tooth and a mean module of𝑚 0.87 𝑚𝑚. The contacts of the one winding tooth are numbered …” „… of a winding was used for further investigations (Fig. 2 right). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023832Fig …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… losses. The former encompass churning and windage losses, which refer to the lubricant being pumped …” „… 90 oil, but further improvements are described in the present work. Other losses, such as windage …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… losses are believed to be caused by the windage, churning and friction of the components of a gearbox …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… external gears is described in Reference [11]. Windage losses have been added to the Terekhov model and are …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… , parameter values were selected in order to expand the parametrization window seen in state-of-the-art shot …” „… window of parameters promoted a compressive residual stress up to the order of 900 µm, which corresponds …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… structure, acceptable dimensions for microporosities and a well-defined process window for the amount of …”

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… configurable which work steps (or which time windows within a work step) are to be monitored. Separate programs …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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International Conference on Gears 2017

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Volume 2294 2017

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D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… Reliability Safeguarding for an 8 MW Wind Energy Gearbox in Serial Production Prototype and …” „… wind, e.g. Dutch Borssele III & IV with 54.5 EUR/MWh. Therefore, offshore has potential of reducing …” „… years in wind business and knowledge in applying sophisticated simulation tools, three elements of …”

H. B. Endeshaw, S. Ekwaro-Osire, F. M. Alemayehu, J. P. Dias Estimation of remaining useful life of gears with uncertainties in loading and material parameters S. 1063-1072

„… Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of wind turbine gearboxes is especially important since the failure …” „… causes of the premature fault of wind turbine gearboxes is attributed to the fatigue fracture of gear …” „… tooth due to fluctuating and cyclic torque transmitted to the gearbox caused by fluctuating wind loading …”

J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for reduction of the noise excitation without load capacity loss – Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation S. 185-196

„… , Wind, Wärme 4/2004 [5] Dinter, Ralf; Vriesen, Johannes W.: Getriebe für Windkraftanlagen – Überprüfung …” „… . Vriesen, Winergy-Siemens AG, Voerde Summary The requirements on gearboxes for wind power stations …” „… vibration and noise excitation out of the gearbox for wind turbines are strong influenced from the selected …”

S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system simulation S. 51-60

„… system. 4. Outlook – WindTwin project – New ways of monitoring the maintenance condition of wind …” „… WindTwin project aims to revolutionize the monitoring and maintenance of wind turbines both onshore and …” „… machines or generators (e.g. wind energy plants (WEP)) and therefore its life span. Reference [3 …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… drive is recently an upcoming request. In Europe, the acceptance authorities for wind turbines start to …” „… standard for wind turbines is considering to add a chapter about ‘design for reliability’. Still …” „… , 2017 1059 System reliability is of critical importance for gear units used for wind turbines (figure 5 …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… standard constructions using one torque input and output, are summation and distribution gears. Wind …” „… turbines use these features to compensate the irregularity of the power input due to the changing wind …” „… directions and wind intensity and realize a stable rotational speed at the generator. Other design …”

J. Neufond, Y. Xu, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud The iterative spectral method for computing the planetary gear dynamic response S. 209-218

„… systems such as wind turbines, under NVH constraints requires design to integrate the vibroacoustic …” „… very popular as for example in the case of wind turbine applications, home automation ones and …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… applications as oil platform movement, wind power station, etc. The gearboxes are tested in special stands …”

M. Shuai, M. Shuai, J. Guoguang, Z. Yidu, L. Chao, H. Haruo Research on multiple-split load sharing characteristics of 2-stage external meshing star gearing system S. 769-782

„… characteristics of double-helical star Gearing System for GTF aero-engine and load sharing behavior of wind …” „… . Load Sharing Behavior of Wind Turbine Gearbox in Consideration of Multiple-errors[J]. Renewable Energy …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… automobile-size gear in a few minutes. However, large gears like the ones used in multi-Megawatt wind energy …” „… , W., Härtig, F. "Precision engineering for wind energy systems." CIRP Annals-Manufacturing …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor E. Rigaud …” „… window-lift gear motor and differentiating the different excitation sources. These ones correspond to the …” „… window-lift gear motor for automotive vehicle which equips each door of newer automotive vehicles. It …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… important over the last years, especially for wind gearboxes. Usually a flank fracture leads to additional …” „… wind gearbox. To account for the effect of nonmetallic inclusion and to more accurately cover the …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… , H., Bending fatigue strength of innovative gear materials for wind turbines gearboxes: Effect of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… , Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric 635 P.-H. Cornuault, window-lift gear motor B …” „… , Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy 1085 S. Troll, gearbox in serial production – Prototype …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… natural shape transitions have adapted themselves naturally, for example to wind loads and growth. On …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… geardrives with long running times like they are used in wind turbines or trains can be evaluated in a …”

A. Furtmann, G. Poll Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source inverters S. 109-118

„… , winding and frame Cwf, winding and rotor Cwr and the bearing capacitances Cb. Recent research expanded …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… associated with the controller PC and motor windings PW and mechanical power losses are separated into …” „… motor windings. V1 & V2 V3 Torque VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017326 In equation (10), KM is the …” „… manufacturer-specified [5] motor torque constant in (mNm/A), IM is the measured motor winding current, HS is the motor …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… .: Simulation und Optimierung des Abwälzverhaltens von Beveloidradsätzen mit windschiefer Achslage. Unpublished …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… window is set in relation to the natural process variation (Cp). Frequently, processes are not centered …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… Simulations for Predicting Windage Power Losses on Spur Gears, Journal of Mechanical Design 133. [12] Hill …” „… ., 2011, CFD Analysis of gear Windage Losses: Validation and Parametric Aerodynamic Studies, Journal of …” „… modeling of the power losses in geared transmissions: Windage, churning and cavitation simulations with a …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… ): 128-133. [12] Seetharaman, Satya, and Ahmet Kahraman. "A windage power loss model for spur gear pairs …”

F. Yang, W. Bi Efficiency evaluation of multi-speed transmission S. 1101-1108

„… [8]. And Load independent power losses, including oil churning, air windage, clutches, seals, etc …” „… power loss, such as clutch drag, churning oil, windage, etc. In order to make the efficiency evaluation …”

M. F. Stangl, U. Kissling, A. Pogacnik A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design S. 1307-1318

„… gear will not be the same as theoretically defined. In the first window of the software (Fig. 8), the …” „… : Available grinding worms / dressing wheels When the best solution is selected, a second window opens, which …” „… is shown on Fig. 9. In this window, the engineer can change the dresser gap AL*eff, which can have a …”

R. Weidig Adoption of polymer gears – Challenges and solutions S. 1565-1574

„… reduction and improving system performance and functionality. In areas like window lifters, door locking …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Technische Zuverlässigkeit 2019

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Technische Zuverlässigkeit 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2345 2019

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C. T. Geiss Prognostics & Health Monitoring von Windenergieanlagen als Baustein der Energiewende S. 29-42

„… Prognostics & Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines as Cornerstone for the Energy Transition Process Dr.-Ing …” „… environment of renewable energy sources – especially for onshore wind energy systems – economic and …” „… frameworks, e.g. for the global environment as well as for the single wind turbine operator. One of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VII

„… von Windenergieanlagen als Baustein der Energiewende . . .29 C. T. Geiss, GI-Engineering UG …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Verkürzte Lebensdauertests von Zahnradgetrieben unter Lastkollektivbeanspruchung S. 209-222

„… . Bei Windkraftgetrieben ist dies beispielsweise in Schwankungen der Windstärke oder unterschiedlichen …” „… möglich ist, z.B. Windkraft oder Bahn. In den folgenden Abschnitten wird daher die Anwendung der …”

O. Esbel, S. Kauschke, S. Rinderknecht Predicting and Forecasting the Lifetime of Automotive Vehicle Components S. 321-X

„… . Finally, a moving window transformation is applied to extract features from a window of constant size. The …” „… features within the window will be split into subsets. Formally, the damage lifespan …” „… . Further, the data generated by the sliding window will determine the target space: the last observation …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023457

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2301 2017

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D. Matzke, G. Jacobs, R. Schelenz, S. Rick, K. Hameyer, N. Averous, R. De Antriebsstrangdynamik einer Windenergieanlage inklusive elektromechanischer Kopplung Donker S. 163-176

„… Full-Size Wind-Turbine Test Bench, In: 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for …” „… , G. Jacobs, R. Schelenz, Center for Wind Power Drives, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; S. Rick, K …” „… Center for Wind Power Drives betrieben [5]. Durch ein spezielles, in [6] und [7] präsentiertes …”

B. Hellmich, R. Haevernick Windenergieanlagen effizient Wuchten – ein neues Verfahren – Unwuchtbestimmung an Windenergieanlagen aus Drehzahlschwankungen S. 121-132

„… detection of wind turbine rotors is described. It detects the torque caused by the gravity force acting on …” „… Antriebsmoment durch den Auftrieb der Blätter im Wind und die Reibung des Triebstrangs. Diese Momente sind im …” „… , Windgeschw. und Drehzahl Mitteln und mit Trägheitsmoment auf Unwucht skalieren VDI-Berichte Nr. 2301, 2017 127 …”

B. Dilba, M. Markiewicz, O. von Estorff Toolchain zur Simulation tonaler Schallabstrahlung einer Windenergieanlage S. 1-12

„… gewonnen werden. Hierzu wird der Schallpfad von der Windener- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2301, 2017 7 gieanlage bis …” „… Toolchain zur Simulation tonaler Schallabstrahlung einer Windenergieanlage Boris Dilba, Dr.-Ing …” „… der Interaktion einzelner Komponenten einer Windenergieanlage (WEA) sowie deren Einfluss auf die …”

M. Köhler Nachbildung einer Rotor-Anregung einer Windenergieanlage mit Hilfe einer MKS-Software durch Aufbringen einer externen Kraft am Turmkopf S. 37-46

„… aufgezeigt. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2301, 2017 37 Abstract The locked rotor of a wind energy converter (WEC …” „… Windgeschwindigkeit, Turbulenzintensität, Windrichtungsabweichung, Seegangsbedingungen und die Gondelbeschleunigung …” „… begrenzt verfügbar. Wichtige Umweltparameter, wie Windgeschwindigkeit, Windrichtungsabweichung, Wellenhöhe …”

M. Dietl, E. Becker Systematisches Flotten-Monitoring auf Basis von Condition Monitoring (CM) an Windenergieanlagen – Vom „Ampel-Monitoring“ zum kennzahlenbasierten Monitoring S. 89-100

„… monitoring of wind turbines does not only imply the data-driven evaluation of turbine components vibration …” „… (z.B. die Windklassen). Das dynamische Verhalten von Windenergieanlagen ist sehr individuell und in …” „… Systematisches Flotten-Monitoring auf Basis von Condition Monitoring (CM) an Windenergieanlagen …”

M. Goodarzi, B. Ossig, J. Thal A case study of the structural health monitoring for off-shore monopile foundations: sensors and analyses S. 29-36

„… to minimize the effect of the induced vibrations from wind/wave loading and the rotation of the …” „… , Geo-Engineering.org GmbH, Bremen Abstract A comprehensive structural health monitoring on wind farms can avoid …” „… . Different aspects including the overall vibration and inclination in the wind plants and the performance of …”

A. Gambier Modellierung des rotierenden Teilsystems von WEA zum modellbasierten Reglerentwurf S. 149-162

„… low-order wind-turbine model for power system transient stability studies. Tagungsband der AWEA, Portland …” „… : Windmill modeling consideration and factors influencing the stability of a grid-connected wind power-based …” „… definition of a 20 MW common research wind turbine model. Wind Energy, 2016. [2] Ashwini, P. und T. Archana …”

J. M. Gallego-, J. Gardyn Secondary Damage Detection on Main Drive Train Meana, Components of WTGs – Lessons learnt from Field experience S. 61-76

„… -5000-66028, NREL, 2016. [10] K. Alewine and W. Chen, “A review of electrical winding failures in wind …” „… in Wind Turbine Generators in the market, and with a better understanding of the capabilities and …” „… wind turbines causing severe operational and economic consequences. The failure rate of non-primary …”

T. Schumacher Innovatives Schwingungstilgerkonzept zur Reduktion von Turmschwingungen S. 113-120

„… ausgedehnten Strukturen von Windenergieanlagen (WEA) können durch Wind, Wellen oder Kräfte aus dem Betrieb der …” „… Windenergieanlagen werden durch Wind und Wellen (Offshore) sehr häufig zu Schwingungen in der 1. Turmeigenfrequenz …” „… Windenergieanlagen sind auch während der Errichtung an- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2301, 2017 115 fällig für Wind- und …”

D. Nalliboyana, J.-P. Yrjönen, M. Klönne, T. Lubetz, T. Jacob, M. Reuter A systematic approach for optimizing planetary gear sets for low vibrations S. 133-148

„… influence on the dynamic vibration response of the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG). The planetary mesh …” „… component. Fig. 1: Wind Turbine Generator (source: www.vestas.com) 2 The Development Process In order …” „… Luo et al. [5] with wind turbine gearboxes. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2301, 2017 137 4 Simulations and …”

A. Bender, W. Sextro, K. Reinke Neuartiges Konzept zur Lebensdauerprognose von Gummi-Metall-Elementen S. 49-60

„… Windenergieanlagen zur optimalen Windausnutzung an schwer zugänglichen Positionen aufzustellen, wie bspw. Offshore …” „… von GM-Elementen mittels Condition Monitoring Prognosemethoden zu schätzen. Abstract In wind …” „… establishing wind turbines at nearly inaccessible places, such as offshore. Thereby the maintenance conditions …”

H. Friedmann, M. Häckell, P. Kraemer Entwicklung eines schwingungsbasierten Structural Health Monitoring Systems für Offshore-Gründungen S. 13-28

„… sind wegen des Angriffs von Wind und Wellen und durch die ständige Anregung aus der Windenergieanlage …” „… und Standfestigkeit ebenso zu finden sind wie Informationen über den Anlagenbetrieb oder Wind- und …” „… Anregung 1Ω ändert und eine Erhöhung oder Verminderung der Last aus Anlage, Wind und Wellen die Amplituden …”

A. Vath, D. Tilch Potenziale zur Schwingungsreduktion durch eine Echtzeitregelung auf Basis der gemessenen Lasten im Antriebsstrang S. 101-112

„… wird zunächst entsprechend gefiltert, damit die Turbulenzen im Wind, Windscherung, Turmvorstau usw …” „… im Antriebsstrang Dr.-Ing. Andreas Vath, Dr.-Ing. Dietmar Tilch, ZF Wind Power, ZF …” „… Mehrkörpersimulation einer Windenergieanlage der Leistungsklasse 2 MW bei einer Windgeschwindigkeit von 10m/s mit und …”

M. Zürcher, E. Schlücker, W. Holweger Experimentelle Untersuchung und Zustandsüberwachung des White Etching Crack Phänomens S. 77-88

„… bearing failures in wind turbines. However, the resulting pitting on the bearing raceway surfaces are the …” „… , 2015, 59: 37 [4] Evans, E.: An updated review: white etching cracks (WECs) and axial cracks in wind …” „… . [12] Esmaeili, K., Zuercher, M., Wang, L. et.al.: Advanced signal processing techniques for wind …”

U. Kersten Methodenvergleich zur Bestimmung von Eigenformen für Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen S. 47-48

„… Methodenvergleich zur Bestimmung von Eigenformen für Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen …” „… Dipl.-Ing. Ulrike Kersten, EUROS Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Windkraftanlagen mbH, Berlin …” „… Rotorblätter für Windenergieanlagen werden immer länger, schlanker und geometrisch komplexer. Kenntnisse zur …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XI

„… Schwingungstechnik VDI-Berichte 2301 Schwingungstechnik 8. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2017 …” „… . VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2017 Bremen, 27. und 28. Juni 2017 Schwingungstechnik © VDI …” „… tonaler Schallabstrahlung 1 M. Markiewicz, einer Windenergieanlage O. von Estorff Strukturüberwachung …”

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Schwingungen in Windenergieanlagen 2018

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Volume 2324 2018

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J. Zierath, R. Bockhahn, R. Rachholz, A. Schulze, J. Luthe, C. Woernle Operative Modalanalyse an Windenergieanlagen der 2 MW und 3 MW-Klasse S. 63-76

„… on 2 MW and 3 MW Wind Turbines PD Dr.-Ing. habil. J. Zierath, W2E Wind to Energy GmbH, Rostock …” „… , Dipl.-Ing. (FH) R. Bockhahn, W2E Wind to Energy GmbH, Rostock, Dipl.-Ing. Roman Rachholz, Universität …” „… Rostock, Rostock Dr.-Ing. S.-E. Rosenow, W2E Wind to Energy GmbH, Rostock A. Schulze MSc., Universität …”

T. Meyer, A. Bartschat, F. Meng, A. Zuga, T. Martin, M. Krings Nutzung von Inertialmesstechnik zur Stützung modellbasierter Berechnungsalgorithmen von Windenergieanlagen S. 51-62

„… : https://www.wind-energie.de/infocenter/publikationen/kostensituation-der-windenergie-land-deutschland, Zugriff am 16.03.2018. [7] S. Pfaffel, S. Faulstich und K. Rohrig, „Performance and Reliability …” „… . Übliche Anwendungen sind das Schätzen von Windlasten, Windgeschwindigkeiten, während des Betriebs …” „… hausinterne Software MoWiT (Modelica for Wind Turbines, ehemals OneWind [5]), mit der VDI-Berichte Nr. 2324 …”

J. Folmer, E. Becker Betriebsoptimierung und Weiterbetrieb Condition Monitoring Systeme als Datenlieferant für Windenergieanlagen S. 1-12

„… , 20184 2. CMS kann mehr als nur Zustandsdaten zu liefern Der Wind bzw. die Windgeschwindigkeit dient zur …” „… Leistungserzeugung bei Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Konterkarierend dazu ist der Wind aber auch einer der größten …” „… Planung von Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen. Der Begriff „Wind 4.0“ charakterisiert aber auch, dass es an der …”

A. Andreä, U. Moritz Einfluss nicht planmäßiger Schwingungen auf die Weiterbetriebsdauer von Windenergieanlagen S. 25-38

„… Influence of unplanned Vibrations on the Life Time Extension of Wind Turbines Dipl.-Ing. Axel Andreä …” „… Windrichtungsnachführung, ist aber in diesen Fällen zeitlich begrenzt. Eine Fehljustierung des Windrichtungssensors oder …” „… verbundene Lasteinwirkung beziehen. Auswertungen von Messdaten wurden von der ROMO Wind Deutschland zur …”

F.-D. Krull, L. Schneider Einsatz von Körperschalltilgern zur Reduzierung von Tonalitäten von Windenergieanlagen S. 39-50

„… ., Wind Turbine Noise, Springer, 1996. [2] Gasch R., Knothe K., Liebich R., Strukturdynamik, 2. Auflage …” „… shift: an experimental study of a 101m diameter wind turbine in a swiss valley. 6th International …” „… meeting on Wind Turbine Noise, Glasgow 2015. [4] Krull, F.-D.: Eickhoff Vortrag auf der Oildoc Conference …”

F. Wagner Predictive Analytics als Entscheidungsgrundlage S. 13-24

„… SR::SPC can be applied for online predictive analysis of wind turbines and lists the benefits of applying …” „… , to revenue increase by improved asset availability in periods of high wind speeds. Also benefits …” „… presented. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2324, 2018 13 1 Einleitung Die Windenergie-Branche steht, wie andere …”

B. Fischer, P. Brosche, A. Rezaeian, M. Sayed Multidisziplinäre Simulation einer WEA zur Analyse der Kopplungseffekte von Strukturdynamik und netzstützenden Regelungsverfahren S. 77-90

„… Energieversorgung und des großflächigen Ausbaus der Windenergie müssen die Windenergieanlagen (WEA) zunehmend zur …” „… Diameter 130 m Cut In Wind Speed 3 m/s Hub Height 110 m Cut Out Wind Speed 25 m/s Rotor Cone Angle 3 deg …” „… Wind Speed Rated 9,8 m/s Nacelle Uptilt Angle 5 deg 2.2. Struktur Modell Die …”

U. Oertel, H. Fritsch, F. Krause Einfache Erfassung und Bewertung der Rotorunwucht – Ein Vergleich der Kennwerte nach VDI 3834-1 mit testgewichts- und modellbasierten Verfahren S. 105-114

„… Umsetzung“, Whitepaper, www.windindustrie-indeutschland.de, Bundesverband WindEnergie e.V., März 2015 [2 …” „… solutions that enable the operation and maintenance costs of offshore wind power facilities to be reduced …” „… other wind turbines at the site. 1. Hintergrund, Motivation und Ziele Vor dem aktuellen Hintergrund …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VII

„… . . . . . . . . . . . .63 J. Zierath, R. Bockhahn, S.-E. Rosenow, W2E Wind to Energy GmbH, Rostock; R. Rachholz, A. Schulze …” „… VDI-Berichte 2324 VDI-GPP 9. VDI-Tagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2018 Bremen, 12. und …” „… Wissensforum GmbH www.windenergie-tagung.de Eine Veranstaltung der VDI Wissensforum GmbH © VDI Verlag GmbH …”

J. Gundlac, Y. Govers Experimentelle Modalanalyse an einem aeroelastisch optimierten Rotorblatt mit Biege-Torsions-Kopplung im Projekt SmartBlades2 S. 91-104

„… the TX-100 Wind Turbine Blade, 2006, Sandia National Laboratories: Albuquerque, New Mexico. [6 …” „… fester Einspannung am Blattprüfstand des Fraunhofer Instituts für Windenergiesysteme (IWES) in …”

R. Wirth Smart Condition Monitoring am Triebstrang von WEA’s S. 115-122

„… Maschinendiagnose mbH, Berlin Kurzfassung Condition Monitoring ist in der Windbranche ein zwingend …” „… eine große Anzahl von Windenergieanlagen weitgehend automatisiert bei hoher Diagnosequalität überwacht …” „… Zeit, bei Windenergieanlagen oft mehrere Monate vor dem Versagen eines Antriebselements möglich. Die …”

B. Kuhnle Rotorblattsensorik in über 200 Anlagen weltweit Felddaten und wertvolle Erkenntnisgewinne S. 123-126

„… : Blitzschaden (windpower/cp.max) Bild 3: Verschiebung der Eigenfrequenzen Zum Nachweis des Schadens werden …” „… Windenergie wird getrieben durch Sensordaten und Informationen. Um die ambitionierten Ziele zur Senkung der …” „… eine zentrale Rolle. Direkt an der Quelle gemessen lassen sich so Windbedingungen wie Richtung und …”

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