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Georg Tanzmeister - Grid-based Environment Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation

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Georg Tanzmeister

Grid-based Environment Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation

Reihe: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Band 1246 2016

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Configuration Space Costs: Cost Evaluation on Workspace Cost Maps S. 64-86

„… 4 Configuration Space Costs: Cost Evaluation on Workspace Cost Maps Collision checking and cost …” „… path or trajectory is usually important in practical applications, some form of cost representation …” „… must be used. Often, costs can be intuitively designed according to the current environment, i.e., the …”

Conclusion S. 123-126

„… principal moving directions, workspace cost evaluation for motion planning, and road course estimation have …” „… cost maps are the configuration space costs. Configuration Space Costs Checking robot configurations …” „… for collision and evaluating their costs takes the most computational resources of the majority of …”

Detection of Principal Moving Directions S. 40-63

„… guaranteed that its goal pose is desired, as this path, even if it is optimal under some cost function, may …” „… represent an any-angle move between two cells. Cell costs are associated to the cell corners rather than the …” „… cell centers and an any-angle transition is calculated by linearly interpolating the cost of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… – Tracking – Navigation – Road Boundary – Collision Checking and Cost Evaluations – Laser Scanners – Radar …” „… for local mapping, tracking, the detection of principal moving directions, cost evaluations in motion …” „… Path Cost and Heuristic with Unknown Goal Poses . . . . . . . . . 48 3.2.4 A*-RRT Motion Primitive Path …”

Introduction S. 1-9

„… . Efficiency, however, also targets the costs. Due to increased safety and thus a decrease in the risk of …” „… for efficient collision and cost evaluation, and road boundary estimation. The main contributions are …” „… and cost evaluation. Precomputation techniques have the potential of providing a major performance …”

Road Course and Road Boundary Estimation S. 87-101

„… ← updateStaticMap(mt−1, zt, xt) 5: mc ← generateCostMap(mt) 6: Ccosts ← calculateConfSpaceCosts(mc) // Algorithm 4.1 or …” „… participants driving in the vicinity of the ego vehicle. Collision checking and cost evaluation is the most …” „… computation-intensive part of the planner. Therefore, the configuration space costs, as introduced in Chapter 4 are …”

Own Publications S. 136

„… , and M. Buss, “Efficient evaluation of collisions and costs on grid maps for autonomous vehicle motion …”

Bibliography S. 137-154

„… München, 2010. [14] M. Ardelt, C. Coester, and N. Kaempchen, “Highly automated driving on freeways in real …” „… for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths,” IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and …” „… . King and M. Likhachev, “Efficient cost computation in cost map planning for noncircular robots,” in …”

Evaluation S. 102-122

„… in Chapter 3, as well as the proposed methods for the calculation of the configuration space costs in …”

Grid-based Tracking and Mapping S. 10-39

„… , free space, and unknown areas. For example, collision detection and cost 32 2.4 The Dempster–Shafer …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186246080

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Automation 2018

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2330 2018

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U. Ahrend, J. Gebhardt, M. Berning Low-Cost-Sensoren für die intelligente Gebäudeautomatisierung S. 897-908

„… Low-Cost-Sensoren für die intelligente Gebäudeautomatisierung Dr.-Ing. Ulf Ahrend, Dr. rer …” „… . Die Low-Cost-Sensorik stellt damit eine wichtige Komponente dar, um nicht nur die …” „… (optional) Sensors are a key element for efficient building automation. Low-cost MEMS devices with lowpower …”

M. Ehrlich, D. Lang, M. J. Mytych, T. Malischewski, J. Jasperneite Preparing Smart Sensors for Industrie 4.0: Requirements, Potentials, and Solutions S. 995-1008

„… features, cost, compactness, interoperability, or fault tolerance [5] [6] [7]. The huge amount of concerns …” „… be clarified by an analysis of best practices under the given circumstances, such as costs and …” „… tablets. Furthermore, the performance for parametrisation and configuration is sufficient and the costs …”

A. Pfeffer, L. Urbas Abbildung des modularen Sicherheits-Engineerings im Module Type Package S. 1055-1068

„… for ways to reduce costs and increase flexibility. Modularization can increase flexibility in terms …” „… of capacity, product mix, feedstock and site. With standardized process technology, fast and cost …” „… numbers at lower costs (see [5]). This is in contrast to core modules, which are designed individually …”

Jiaying Lin, Z. Lou, R. Zweigel, D. Abel Cooperative localization of a networked multi-vehicles system using multi-rate distributed estimation S. 1081-1092

„… . [3] M. Ilyas, . Y. Yang, Q. S. Qian and R. Zhang, "Low-cost IMU/Odometer/GPS Integrated Navigation …” „… , E. Favey and C. Schmid, "Low-Cost Sensor Fusion Dead Reckoning using a Single-Frequency GNSS …”

O. Czogalla Indoor Positionierung und Navigation für Fußgänger in verzweigten Gebäudekomplexen – Leichtere Orientierung für Fahrgäste des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs S. 821-834

„… Minimum Cost Paths. IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics SSC4 4 (2): 100–107. doi:10.1109 …”

R.-K. Zäh, B. Mosbach, J. Hollwich, M. Müller, B. Faupel Analyse der optischen Prozessdaten in modernen mehrdimensionalen Laserschweißanlagen unter Betrachtung der Auslenkung der Scanner-Spiegel S. 947-958

„… rely on fast, stable and cost-effective processing methods. Since some well-established joining …”

I. Weiß, D. Pantförder, B. Vogel-Heuser, A. Harrer, S. Lössl Formalisierung von Expertenwissen zur Unterstützung von Data Mining Projekten – Vorhersage von Produktqualität in automatisierten Produktionsanlagen S. 623-634

„… evaluated based on their costs and benefit ratio. 1. Qualitätsmanagement am Beispiel einer …”

J. Rahm, S. Heinze, M. Malcher, L. Urbas Umsetzung von 2D zu 3D Mapping-Verfahren am Beispiel von Kostenabschätzungen mittels Planungsdaten bei prozesstechnischen Anlagen S. 557-570

„… automated cost estimation of fieldbus installations“, 2010, S. 165–168. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2330, 2018570 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXI

„… für Fertigungsmesstechnik und Qualitätsmanagement WZL der RWTH Aachen Low-Cost-Sensoren für die …”

F. Mendoza, R. Braun Embedded Device Integration Technologies S. 307-318

„… device manufactures, it has the potential to reduce development cost. From a device perspective, we …”

A. Sohr, R. Rosen, H. Hanss Betriebsintegrierte Cloud-Apps in der Wasserindustrie – Zwei Beispiele zur Betriebsunterstützung durch den Digital Twin S. 543-556

„… cost targets which arise, for example, from volatile energy availability and variable energy prices. In …”

T. Meyer, S. Munske, S. Weyer, V. Brandstetter, J. C. Wehrstedt, M. Keinan Classification of application scenarios for a virtual commissioning of CPS-based production plants into the reference architecture RAMI 4.0 S. 773-784

„… mechatronic behavior of some elements earlier in the engineering process. This would enable lowering the costs …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023303

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2313 2017

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C. Danzer, J. Liebold, E. Schreiterer, J. Mueller Modular low-cost powertrain platform for HEV and EV S. 19-20

„… Modular Low-Cost Powertrain Platform for HEV and EV Dr. Christoph Danzer, Jens Liebold, Erik …” „… oder ohne Hybridkomponenten skalierbar. Der IAV LowCost Antriebsbaukasten stellt damit als …” „… ermittelt. Abstract Currently known hybrid systems are technically complex and cost-intensive and …”

K. Muehlbauer, D. Schoeneberger, R. Pohlmann, W. Hackmann, H.-P. Feustel, E. Achleitner, M. Schweizer-Berberich, C. Schmidt, S. Rinderknecht Lew cost plug-in powertrain- Plug-in for the mass market S. 75-76

„… Low Cost Plug-in Powertrain Plug-in for the Mass Market Dr.-Ing. K. Muehlbauer, Dr.-Ing. R …” „… , which mainly reduces the cost of the powertrain system dedicated to price sensitive markets like China …” „… this investigation it is designed as induction machine (IM) for an optimal benefit-to-cost ratio …”

A. Sturm, D. Förster, F. Küҫükay Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain dimensioning under consideration of emission reduction targets, powertrain cost and modularity S. 73-74

„… targets, powertrain cost and modularity Dipl.-Ing. Axel Sturm, M. Sc. Daniel Förster, Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… , which reduces costs, development time and the amount of testing. The integration of fleet applications …” „… ehicle pow ertrain dimensioning under consideration of emission reduction targets, pow ertrain cost …”

M. lshihara Camparisen of P2 hybrid DCT actuation control system - An evaluation of Integration complexity, energy consumption and cost S. 121-122

„… , Energy Consumption, and Cost Mitsuru Ishihara, BorgWarner, Auburn Hills, USA Abstract Due to the …” „… 2 integration complexity, energy consumption, and cost perspectives. In this study a conventional …” „… result of this analysis in cost increase and power consumption increase by P2 hybridization. In order …”

O. Coppin 12+12V and 12+48V hybridization: A modular approach and transmission Impacts- Enhancing low voltage hybridization road map S. 23-24

„… segments and applications can have more benefits at a still limited over cost. We will illustrate the …” „… to complementary functions requiring safety constraints. This approach can help to lower the cost …” „… application cost. This can thus contribute to a large application field for mild hybrid systems and by the …”

A. Reut, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Overall optimizalion of electrodynamic shifling syslems- Optimization and improvement ofthe electrical path, mechanical path and conlrol by a new development approach S. 125-126

„… on the dynamics, costs and comfort of the transmission. A comprehensive study of the shifting system …” „… . This is supported by a modular and cost-efficient test rig concept, which makes it easy to compare the …” „… on the dynamics, the costs and the comfort of the transmission. Due to the electrification of …”

A. Uhle Actuation synthesis for new hybrid transmission application (DHT) S. 135-136

„… efficiency, package, costs and shifting characteristics as early as the advance engineering process. This …” „… appreciably reducing development time and costs. A ctuation S ynthesis for N ew H yb rid Transmission A …” „… intended to take account of ever shorter development times as well as higher demands on quality and cost …”

R. Böhme The basis for overall connectivity within heterogeneaus logislies industry: Anew platform-How RIO improves 828 processes, cosls and margins S. 109-110

„… RIO improves B2B processes, costs and margins Rabea Böhme, MAN Truck & Bus AG, Munich …” „… on cost savings but also improves logistics margins (4) Integrative: delivers benefits to all …”

M. Weiss, T. Witzemann Flexible eieeirenies Integration platform for future Iransmission applications S. 123-124

„… handling, logistics and testing offers cost reduction potential in the transmission maker’s value chain …” „… , which lead to significant one-time costs (e.g. processing tools and application specific geometries) or …”

F. van der Sluis, S. Yildiz, A. Brandsma, P. Veltmans, M. Kunze The CVT pushbelt reinvented for future compact and efficient powertrains S. 61-62

„… %. It furthermore reduces variator volume by 12% thereby reducing CVT weight and cost by respectively …” „… variator power losses by up to 40%. • Reduces variator volume by 12%. • Enables a 10% weight and 3% cost …”

M. Hein, C. Kunze, J.-K. Lee, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Customer-focused modular lest procedure for driveline#components S. 41-42

„… OEMs are challenged by the conflict of targets in balancing cost, time and quality. These interactions …” „… customer reliability under consideration of time and thus also cost efficiency at a high quality level of …”

T. Seidel, A. Lange, F. Küҫükay DHT concepts based on DCT design S. 21-22

„… series or a power split hybrid. However, a second EM increases costs which have to be considered in …” „… number of mechanical parts is reduced and no second EM is added, the total costs of the hybrid …”

D. Raitz, A. Englisch, T. Eckenfels The 48 V P2 hybrid-More than a bridging technology S. 27-28

„… consumption and CO2 emissions is achieved within reasonable costs? These considerations should obviously also …” „… be addressed with respect to the cost/benefit ratio. The savings in consumption from being able to …”

K. Neiß Driveline electrification in commercial vehiclesCombustion powered long-haul & electric driven distribution S. 105-106

„… and to reduce component costs for products planned to be launched until 2020. Our vision for the …”

M. Horn, U. Griesmeier, B. Vahlensieck New concepts for plug-in hybrid and parallel range-extender transmissions – The next big step of powertrain electrification S. 17-18

„… functions and their electric range. Besides their overall functionality especially their costs will become …”

U. Clausen The last mile- Findings of the ZF future study 2016 About last mile logistics S. 99-100

„… awareness. All in all, these trends increase cost pressure and create stricter time constraints for the …”

U. Kretzschmar, D. Heck The new small 5-/6-speed manual transmission of GM China S. 69-70

„… design with regard to cost and performance. Fig. 1: NMT – The new 5-/6-speed manual transmission of GM …”

W. Galli, J. Bast, O. Eksi The Audi 48V mild hybrid- System Integration with maximum customer benefit S. 139-140

„… an outstanding cost/benefit ratio. The compact component design and optimal system integration into …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin Generic control approach for multimode-hybrid transmissions-Using a virtual dual clutch framework S. 145-146

„… advanced transmission concepts is a very complex task and therefore very cost and time intensive. That is …”

M. Bhai, X. Shan Design of a hybrid mode and shift coordinator [hmsc] for the central control software of a range extender powertrain S. 137-138

„… beneficial powertrain concept with respect to efficency, cost, package and weight. The scope of this paper …”

C. Ebert, D. Lieckfeldt Risk-oriented security S. 1-2

„… provides requirements and test vectors and adequate measures can be derived for balanced costs and efforts …”

C. Wirth, A. Garcia AT or DCT? MCT – The best of both worlds! Synthesis and functionalities of multi-clutch transmissions S. 9-10

„… advantages of the previous separated “transmission worlds” may now be found: high power density, low costs …”

A. Tissot, T. Bosse, D. Heße Analytical process and KLT generation based on a Manual transmission dry clutch system S. 35-36

„… development time, cost and resources during the system design process can be reduced significantly through an …”

T. Pfund, T. Biermann, M. Gramann Electric axle drives -Scalable propulsion system for electrified powertrains S. 55-56

„… . 2313, 2017 55 sideration. For optimization of the design envelope, weight and costs, there is a clear …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023136

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2373 2020

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K. Sabzewari, M. Vieracker, J. Sagstetter Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle S. I-89-I-102

„… Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission Cost efficiency …” „… Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle Dr.-Ing. Kiarash Sabzewari, Vitesco …” „… lies on higher cost efficiency for the powertrain system in order to make plug-in hybrids more …”

G. Gardner 10R80 – Cost efficient modular hybrid transmission (MHT) S. I-285-I-288

„… 10R80 MHT Cost Efficient Modular Hybrid Transmission (MHT) Greg Gardner, Ford Motor Company …”

P. Ramet Dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHT) by PUNCH Powerglide – Innovative concepts for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging S. I-253-I-270

„… in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging Philippe Ramet, PUNCH Powerglide Strasbourg SAS …” „… concepts suitable for various electrified vehicle architectures. The aim is to find a cost effective …” „… . DHT CONCEPT AS COST REDUCTION OPPORTUNITY Car manufacturers around the globe have to hybridize or …”

A. Riegauf Transferability of economic electrification concepts in heavy goods traffic to mobile machinery S. I-435-II-VIII

„… Image source: Siemens Life cycle cost reduction in electrical distribution traffic through catenary …” „… trolley based electrification systems for tractor units Lifecycle cost reduction in electrical …” „… battery • Pantographsystem High costs for the components of the electric drive train prevents an unified …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, A. Forell, M. Sens, E. Schreiterer, R. Kockisch, J. Müller, E. Schneider The systematic way to your sustainable powertrain platform – holistic and customizable – Systematical methods to investigate mobility scenarios of tomorrow S. I-385-I-402

„… energy and production costs. Furthermore the powertrain settings will be optimized on the fleet level to …” „… the overall costs. This innovative tool chain shows the systematical workflow from mobility demands …” „… generation paths of between 45% and 65% (WtT) [2]. Besides CO2 and emission legislation, manufacturing costs …”

D. Kieninger, J. Hemsen, G. Witham The highly integrated ModulED drive module – Holistic concept design S. I-27-I-44

„… design is to achieve these high ratios with good efficiency, NVH, costs and compact dimensions. Within …” „… single housing unit simplifies the powertrain assembly in the vehicle and reduces the cost of …” „… result from the multiphysical interaction of the components. As an example, the size and costs of the …”

P. Schwanemann, T. Pfund Market-driven electric motor designs from Schaeffler – Optimized electric motor design process via technology and production kits S. II-1-II-16

„… , torque, etc. However, in almost all projects cost is the most important requirement. Therefore, in order …” „… results in customer-specific product solutions. In order to keep the product cost down nevertheless, it …” „… terms of available e-motor technology is especially a chance to improve the product cost structure as …”

P. Cholvy, P. Armiroli 48V eDRIVE Modularity: An answer to eMobility complexity S. I-213-I-220

„… optimal trade-off between cost, time to market and performance, development of a technological platform …” „… pods and light city cars, are increasing the demand for efficient and cost effective electric …” „… powertrain definitions both in performance, functions and cost targets. Peak Performance requirements of BEV …”

M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars S. II-49-II-62

„… combustion technology cost reduction is a target for the next generation. In this work it is proposed to …” „… increase speed of the e-motor and so reduce weight and material effort and cost. The new e-axle works …” „… . The reduction in cost, especially in the next generation of BEVs from 2022 is therefore the …”

F. Völkel, M. Tietz, A. Schamin, S. Giehl Rolling into the future – Bearing solutions for electric mobility S. I-103-I-118

„… density to be increased while reducing costs at the same time. Using an electric axle with spur gear …” „… with a significantly more cost-effective plastic overmolding in order to compensate for the additional …” „… costs, particularly in the case of large production volumes. The sensor bearing represents another …”

S. Worrall, J. Foulsham, I. Stone, T. Gassmann CeDrive – Electric drive technology for a new era – Advanced cooling and control of high-speed eDrive S. II-33-II-48

„… building blocks that will enable cost effective, ground-breaking power density and cycle efficiency of …” „… to deliver more power and better cycle efficiency at lower cost. Volume forecast are indicating that …” „… earth materials) to keep cost under control. A more enhanced EM characteristic is desired to match …”

G. Gardner Ford MACH-E Primary Electric Drive Unit S. I-1-I-6

„… final drive arrangement. Cost efficiency is delivered by utilizing some key modules from Ford’s …” „… shorter electric wire paths, reduced resistance, and reduced electrical costs the inverter and motor …” „… cooling functions. To keep cost low the e-pump is based off of the 10R80MHT pump design with a unique …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-X

„… , Tokyo, Japan Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost …” „… for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging � � � � � � � � 253 P. Ramet …” „… Transys Inc., Korea 10R80 – Cost efficient modular hybrid transmission (MHT …”

K. Kim New high efficiency CVT for middle class FWD vehicle S. I-271-I-284

„… : Pulley Deformation by CAE Analysis COST REDUCTION In modern rimes, the competition of the …” „… transmissions on the price and efficiency is getting overheated. The cost reduction technologies had also been …” „… applied to lower the material cost, and then to improve the marketability of CF28. The price …”

T. Korb, M. Nussbaumer, S. Rinderknecht Generic optimization environment and knowledge-based guided evolutionary algorithms for automated transmission calibration – Method to generate a knowledge base through impact analysis of parameters a... S. I-355-I-384

„… rising calibration efforts and costs, by automating the necessary calibration processes. Commonly used …” „… result in a huge amount of calibration effort, that causes high personnel costs for application engineers …” „… or application contracts, high costs due to a lot of prototypes for testing – also in different …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Sutschet, J. Kern Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV S. I-119-I-132

„… battery capacity, but this leads to high costs. Furthermore, large and expensive e-machines are used to …” „… should be increased to 30.000rpm. At this speed, the costs of the electric machine decrease by reducing …” „… the volume and thus the material costs. [1] [2] Compared to conventional drive trains, an electric …”

D. Vietze, M. Hein, K. Stahl Method for a cloud based remaining-service-life-prediction for vehicle-gearboxes based on big-data-analysis and machine learning S. I-403-I-416

„… service-life. On the one hand, this creates significant potential for decreasing cost and mass as well as …” „… for a certain amount of load cycles. This approach enables a reduction of weight, size and cost of the …” „… decrease operating costs. Main emphasis VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020406 of this methods is to analysis the …”

C. A. Spangler Borg Warner’s P1 and P2 hybrid drive modules – Modular kit for P1 and P2 hybrids S. I-221-I-232

„… layout is a cost-effective solution that provides one of the best combinations to achieve CO2 reduction …” „… pushing electrification of vehicles. To achieve a balance between powertrain costs and reduction in CO2 …” „… functionality, cost and potential for CO2 reduction. One of the biggest benefits of a P2 hybrid architecture …”

M. Grill, M.-T. Keskin, M. Bargende Virtual RDE: Ensuring RDE conformity of hybridized powertrains in the early stage of the development process S. I-343-I-354

„… at much higher costs. Existing data-based approaches avoid these challenges, but fail to depict …” „… cost. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020344 RDE Challenge and Existing SimulationTools From 2017 on new …” „… could help to virtualize RDE tests in order to save time and costs of powertrain development …”

P. Ramminger, R. Jäger Evolution of the drivetrain and high voltage system in the new Corsa-e S. I-173-I-194

„… analysis related to offshore wind used for electricity production. The resulting cost of energy (LCOE) for …” „… of vehicles factor into the equation for overall cost of ownership. But apart from a pure financial …” „… the Corsa-e design features multiple steps of up-integration, which deliver package, weight and cost …”

A. Esser, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Real-driving-based comparison of the eco-impact of powertrain concepts using a data-driven optimization environment S. I-309-I-342

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 309 The vehicle’s performance, the respective brand image or monetary costs are …” „… mode and the torque split . The idea of the ECMS is to define a cost function comprising an …” „… equivalent fuel mass flow of chemical and electric energy that is weighted by the balancing cost factor …”

K. Sakai, T. Kishimoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Maekawa, T. Shinohara, M. Ogawa Development of the new chain CVT for middle capacity S. I-79-I-88

„… ‘Dynamic Quality’ also in terms of low cost, which has features of chain CVT like compactness, high torque …”

D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht, D. Reitmeier, A. Mertens Development of a transmission control for an innovative high-speed powertrain using motor-related control – Simulative approach to develop an angular position controlled engagement of dog clutches in ... S. I-195-I-212

„… Drive Transmission (TDT), while keeping a high driving comfort and low transmission costs, a dedicated …” „… , Costs and Complexity. 19th International VDI Congress, “Drivetrain for Vehicles 2019“. Bonn 2019 [2 …”

A. Manelli, F. Filippo Irato, C. Cavallino, R. Gay e-FDU: Concept, develop & industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain – From concept to industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain in 24 month S. I-45-I-78

„… oil for lubrication between the two sides. - To have benefits in terms of cost and parts management …” „… it has been decided to use the same helix gears on both sides. - To have benefits in terms of cost …”

S. Demmerer Next generation electric drives S. II-63-II-74

„… will stay high and so will the weight and the costs of the battery. Disconnect and 2-speed …”

M. Saborío, O. Sarmiento, C. Böhm High efficiency electric transmission oil pump – Transmission hydraulic efficiency improvement through hybridization S. I-149-I-158

„… size of the reference MOP. The resulting topology is very compact and more efficient, but at the cost …”

V. Null A new generation of thermal fluid technology for high performance charging of electric vehicles – How new thermal fluids can enhance battery performance in EVs S. II-97-II-108

„… compatibility weight and flammability. Cost is also an important factor to enable implementation of this …”

S. Rothe, B. Schröder, G. Lührs Coupled topology optimization of an electric drive S. II-75-II-88

„… the optimization algorithm which aims at reducing cost intensive magnet material in the rotor …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen, J. Peter The front-axle drive of the MEB – Volkswagen expands the e-drive portfolio S. I-7-I-26

„… direct costs. Together with the attractive driving characteristics of the new all-wheel drive train …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Investigation and potential analysis of shiftable form-locked one-way clutches for hybrid and electric vehicles S. I-133-I-148

„… , total cost of ownership and market segment or vocations as well as many others. The MMCM bears a …”

P. Tenberge, A. Alnahlaui E-drive and hybrid-drive with 2 high-speed E-motors and a 2-speed gearbox S. I-233-I-252

„… requirement. This increases the number of units and reduces the cost per drive unit. For small cars up to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2406 2022

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W. Faes, S. Lecompte, J. Maselyne Cost-effective implementation of renewable energy sources in livestock barns S. 245-252

„… Cost-effective implementation of renewable energy sources in livestock barns W. Faes, Prof. S …” „… applications. The cost-effective implementation of the sustainable technologies in livestock farms is however …” „… be simulated. The model allows to determine the life cycle cost of the installation and the annual …”

D. Janke, M. Bornwin, T. Amon, B. Amon, K. Coorevits, P. v. Overbeke, A. Declerck, P. Demeyer Development and validation of a low-cost online monitoring tool to manage barn climate and emissions from livestock housing systems S. 203-210

„… Development and validation of a low-cost online monitoring tool to manage barn climate and …” „… application. In the FACCE ERA-GAS project MilKey, a low cow-cost online tool for monitoring Indoor barn …” „… and spatially distributed inside the barn. Each node is equipped with low-cost sensors for CH4, NH3 …”

S. Kubinski, T. Meinel Methodology for the development of a plant detection system based on mechanical properties of crops using the example of corn – Contribution to the cost-effective enabling of plant-individual care mea... S. 135-140

„… using the example of corn Contribution to the cost-effective enabling of plant-individual care measures …” „… single-plant-detection-system is cost-effective. 4. Goals and approach The main goal of the project ABHA is the …”

N. Schmid, J. Audenaert, F. Reinmuth, S. Kuebler, P. Breunig The role of business model innovation in the context of site-specific weed management – Unveil adoption preference drivers and the impact of Business Model Innovation in the context of site-specific w... S. 275-282

„… SupportRepair UpdateWeed ControlOperating CostsHerbicide CostsRiskVDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 20222806 References [1 …” „… [3]. Ultimately, the trade-off between technology implementation costs compared to achievable savings …” „… ), repair & update cost (A3), weed control success (A4), operating cost (A5), herbicide cost (A6) and risk …”

O. Lagnelöv, G. Larsson, A. Larsolle, P.-A. Hansson Electric tractors – Sustainable and Profitable? Economic and environmental impact of autonomy and electric drivelines in agriculture S. 189-196

„… diesel tractor was also considered. An LCA was made to assess environmental impacts, and the annual cost …” „… had a reduced the annual cost by lowering operator, fuel and maintenance cost. In total, the cost was …” „… lowered by 31% from the conventional scenario. In both the environmental impact and cost, fuel played an …”

N. Katsoulas, C. Baxevanou, D. Feidaros Optimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses S. 53-60

„… climate change and the cost of energy is the local production of energy from renewable sources. Since one …” „… of photovoltaic in the roof of greenhouses not to reduce production, to achieve the lowest final cost …” „… multifactorial problem of the optimal design (production quality, electricity cost and CO2) of a hybrid power …”

L. Wannasek, D. May, D. Tyris, T. Amon Design of an on-farm biomethane upgrading plant with hybrid compression and filling station S. 259-266

„… to larger commercial plant in terms of both capital and operating costs. As part of the efforts to …” „… reduce costs, a custom solution has been developed to replace the conventional two-stage compression …” „… objective is to provide advanced and cost-effective technologies to the livestock sector that ensure the …”

M. Geyer, K. Salama A procedure to recycle plastic film in asparagus cultivation without polluting the environment S. 509-516

„… remained in the separated sand/soil. With the developed process, labor costs for manually cutting open and …” „… emptying the film pockets, transportation costs and film disposal costs can be clearly reduced. Keywords …” „… film mass. Since the costs for disposal and transport are calculated by mass, many agricultural …”

S. Germer, M. E. Adamseged, Z. Ding, T. Heinrich, T. Hoffman, R. Orozco, H. Park, P. Grundmann Grass-based circular solutions for rural agri-food value chains – Lessons learnt from GO-GRASS project S. 305-312

„… decays before and after mowing. Not utilizing this biomass results in costs and lost benefits for …” „… solutions based on unused biomass and cost-effective processing technologies. 1. Introduction Bioeconomy …” „… biomass produced currently rots and decays before and after mowing, incurring costs VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406 …”

D. Sousa, R. Moutinho, C. Resende, J. Oliveira, M. Roque, R. Graca, A. Oliveira-Jr, W. Moreira, L. Carvalho Underground Sensing Probes for Precision Agriculture S. 625-630

„… The Lora4UProbes proposal is meant to be a retrofittable, reliable, and cost-effective solution for …” „… free-space and a maximum input power of 5W; and ii) a low-cost whip antenna (AO-A868-G015-RS [10]) with a …” „… prototypes (Fig. 2C-2). The low-cost gateway was a Raspberry Pi 3 running Chirpstack [11], with a RAK833 …”

D. Tyris, D. Manolakos, T. Bartzanas, S. Benni, T. Amon, J. Maselyne, S. Lecompte, P. Grammelis, A. Balafoutis, G. Zhang, P. Bakalis, S. Kalogridis, O. Marchand, H. Hoes, J. Gomes RES4LIVE – Energy Smart Livestock Farming towards Zero Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 493-498

„… evidence. The overall objective is to provide advanced, cost-effective, and sustainable technologies, that …” „… husbandry facilities emerge as crucial aspects within EU. With declining costs and improvement of …” „… , and socially. The overall objective is to provide advanced and cost-effective technologies to the …”

B. Pölling, J. Steiner, C.-P. Stickel Development of a new structural undercarriage for combine harvesters S. 31-40

„… model series ranging below shows a positive match only in the product costs. After considering the …” „… tool cost changes, a prototype tool is created using the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 202234experience of the …” „… the impact of the scenarios on the company in terms of part numbers and manufacturing costs. Scenario …”

M. Messieux, D. Touze, R. Guillaud, O. Bensehila, O. Marchand, S. Foroushani, L. Wannasek, T. Amon Conversion of a diesel farm tractor to run on bioCNG – Adapted in-use livestock farm tractor for biomethane S. 253-258

„… greenhouse gases, and so the environmental impact of transportation, with cost savings. In the recent years …” „… the cost of reducing engine efficiency. At the same time, the durability and the cost of the exhaust …” „… , emission reduction, power requirement, durability and cost of the conversion must also be put into …”

A. Gkountas, P. Bakalis, D. Tyris, D. Manolakos Thermodynamic modelling of a Biomass Organic Rankine Cycle for sustainable heat and power cogeneration in greenhouses S. 47-52

„… indoor conditions with the minimum heating cost. Under the stressing fossil fuel prices and the …” „… cost, leading to increased product cost. In parallel, the residual biomass, constituting a renewable …” „… , 2022 47efficiency. Nonetheless, the greenhouses’ large heating needs still remain the main cost …”

A. van Dueren den Hollander Intra row weeding in sugar beets with the use of Artificial Intelligence – From theory to practice S. 267-274

„… to perform manual labour in agriculture decreases year by year. On top of that, the labour costs rise …” „… and take up one of a big, if not the largest, part in the cost prize [2]. These developments lead to a …” „… crop. Result is a financial loss, due to a reduced yield, or extra manual labour costs for the farmer …”

K. A. Kibwika, I.-H. Seo A CFD study on Ventilation and Micro-environment in Tomato Greenhouse-complex Located on Saemangeum Reclaimed Land – Model design approach and validation procedure S. 611-616

„… tendencies[1]. This has rendered open field cultivation cost inefficient, un dependable and inconsistent in …” „… computational cost optimized for overall greenhouse complex ventilation efficiency study. Acknowledgement This …” „… climate for improving energy efficiency and reducing operating cost. Journal of Cleaner Production, 264 …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, I. Zytoon, B. Sakal Evaluation of Laser and Infrared Sensors with CANBUS Communication for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 121-130

„… implemented, mobile robots can play a key role in reducing agricultural production costs by decreasing the …” „… , however these devices add extra cost to the production and maintenance of the robot, beside they can also …” „… in [5]. These approaches will significantly reduce costs and simplifies obstacle detection compared …”

H. Tavakoli, J. Correa, S. Vogel, R. Gebbers RapidMapper – a mobile multi-sensor platform for the assessment of soil fertility in precision agriculture S. 351-358

„… . Soil mapping using proximal soil sensors is a time- and cost-efficient alternative to standard sampling …” „… method is soil sampling and standard laboratory analyses. However, the high costs lead to low sampling …” „… developed for measuring soil properties at high spatial resolution, cost-effectively [2-4]. These systems …”

F. Regler, F. Hausmann, H. Bernhardt, M. Krueger Potential and improvement of maintenance efficiency of agricultural machines by a new digital maintenance assistant S. 419-428

„… supported by new, time- and cost-efficient maintenance and service concepts. In an online survey on current …” „… additional costs. According to a simulation, optimum maintenance achieves lower costs with an average …” „… to a waste of time, material, and cost in comparison to an optimal maintenance strategy. The owner of …”

H. Battke, L. Krause, J. Petri China’s spraying drone trend – a European opportunity? S. 217-234

„… . Spraying drones currently costs between 10.000 € and 25.000 € andcompete in pricing and time effort against …” „… manual labor costs, conventional tractors, andsprayers. Recent studies [9] indicate an efficiency gain …” „… machinery might bedisrupted by smart, small, autonomous, swarm flight and field robotics because of cost …”

V. Ernst, J. Schwehn, N. Ebertshauser, S. Böttinger Investigations on the rolling resistance of tractor tires using coast down tests S. 581-588

„… agricultural sector [2]. For the end user, with increasing energy costs, the fuel efficiency also has a …” „… valuable effect on the transportation costs and their economics. Comparing tires of different manufacturers …” „… consumption and operating costs. Methods and materials A practice-optimized method to determine the rolling …”

B. Amon, F. Dragoni, X. Diaz de Otalora, G. Cinar, V. Anestis, T. Bartzanas “MilKey” and “MELS”: the role of information and communication technologies in mitigating emissions and increasing sustainability of livestock systems – Information and communication technologies and ... S. 299-304

„… strategies on emissions and costs to be more accurately quantified and better documented. Introduction …” „… other stakeholders in identifying, quantifying and assessing costs of measures and management strategies …”

E. Michielan, M. Mattetti Combine harvester – Outlining the combine harvester usage through CANBUS data analysis S. 41-46

„… , A.; Fontanini, L.; Mazzetto, F. Repair and Maintenance Costs of 4WD Tractors and Self Propelled …” „… , F. Repair and Maintenance Costs for Agricultural Machines. International Journal of Agricultural …”

J. Maxa, S. Thurner, J. Heel, M. Hofmann Analysis of three different methods for reducing water ragwort (Jacobaea aquatica) on grassland S. 617-624

„… mechanical reduction using a weeding trowel still offers a cost-effective method, while the problem of …” „… dominated by fuel and labour costs. On the other hand, fuel consumption could be substantially lower using a …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 61-68

„… 50% of the cost of the product produced. Due to the severity of climate change brought on by the …” „… , both economically (increase in oil price, high cost of transportation and disposal in remote areas …”

C. Stumpe, S. Böttinger Grassland yield prediction and mapping in small-scaled regions S. 149-154

„… measurement effort and at low cost, they are an insufficient alternative especially in small structures …” „… ] Schimmelpfennig, D.; Ebel, R.: Sequential Adoption and Cost Savings from Precision Agriculture. Journal of …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, I. Lycoskoufis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 631-638

„… artificial lighting, cannot be overlooked, accounting for up to 50% of the cost of the product produced. Due …” „… fossil fuels for energy production is detrimental, both economically (increase in oil price, high cost of …”

A. Cardenas, F. Dragoni, J. B. Dolle, A. L’Hote, B. Amon “LIFE Carbon Farming” and “Climate Farm Demo”: development and implementation of a result-based funding mechanism for carbon farming in European mixed crop livestock systems S. 313-316

„… ) determining the cost of implementing carbon mitigation strategies, and ii) developing performance-based carbon …”

C. M. Levrault, J. T. Eekelder, J. P. M. Ploegaert, N. M. W. Ogink Measurement of dairy cows‘ individual methane production rates: the Cubicle Hood Sampler, an on-barn alternative S. 85-92

„… forced replacement, resulting in time loss, labour and material costs. Precise mastering of the ULSs …” „… . Merged with head position monitoring, it would also reduce CHS’s related costs. Ultimately, all CHSs …”

L. Brinkschulte, S. Antoni The best of two worlds: Spray boom control with hydropneumatic suspension technology S. 291-298

„… costs. In addition, the suspension characteristics of such systems are fixed and can only be adjusted …” „… addition to design advantages, this obviously also provides a benefit in terms of system costs. Furthermore …”

M. Pokriefke, P. Müller Development of an innovative soil-cultivation-system for energy-saving straw conditioning and ultra-shallow tillage (“Grinder”) – Problems and challenges in stubble cultivation S. 573-580

„… on non-target organisms and the environment, and also poses agronomic risks due to increasing costs …” „… low efficiencies and high costs due to low work rates. It is therefore important to remove as many …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXII

„… crops using the example of corn – Contribution to the cost-effective enabling of plant-individual care …” „… Bioeconomy (ATB), PotsdamDevelopment and validation of a low-cost online monitoring tool to manage barn …” „… , University of Bologna, ItalyCost-effective implementation of renewable energy sources in livestock barns …”

F. Herter, C. Schwaer Valuation Method for Corn head integrated Stubble Cracker System S. 173-178

„… ensure good working quality. On the other hand the value should not be set too high to safe product costs …”

M. Gränitz, J. Hirth Sensors for Agriculture Robots – How sensors and software enable the transformation towards highly automated and sustainable agricultural production systems – a platform-based development approach – S. 343-350

„… this sector. The aging population and the rising labor cost already bring today’s farmers to their …”

C. Dittrich, R. Pecenka, C. Lühr, A. Kir, F. Righi, A.-K. Loes, U. Schmutz A. Antosik#M. Stobińska#M. Pieczykolan#P. Kamola#A. Bartkowiak Extrusion of lignocellulosic residues from agriculture and agroforestry into fibre for peat replacement and pellets for animal bedding S. 115-120

„… optimizations should be carried out as part of future investigations for cost-effective fibre production …”

L. Ouatahar, G. Lanigan, A. Bannink, T. Amon, D. Krol, B. Amon Process-based modeling approaches for integral assessment of the impact of feeding management on greenhouse gas and nitrogen emissions in dairy production systems S. 323-326

„… production systems as well as involve the highest costs of farming operations, and attempts to reduce GHG in …”

H. W. Griepentrog, A. Stana, D. Reiser Concept and performance of an autonomous precision seeder for grain crops – Optimization of seed embedding into the soil S. 561-566

„… pesticide use, negative climate effects, soil quality degradation and economic costs. A more precise and …”

P. M. Roth, F. M. Appich, S. Böttinger Interaction properties of wheat straw and grain for Discrete Element Method S. 549-554

„… Abstract Simulation methods are an effective tool to reduce cost-intensive field experiments and can be …”

J. M. Anderson, S. Foroushani, A. Hansen, G. Hoffmann, T. Ilte, D. Janke, R. Shamshiri, B. Sturm, M. Senft, C. Weltzien IoT platform challenges, planning, and implementation for the Leibniz Innovation Farm (InnoHof) S. 525-532

„… appropriate electrical power systems, given a 3-D models of the buildings and grounds at LVAT, to the costs of …”

S. Gros-Hardt, H. Korte Smart Traction – Design And Experimental Set up of a Track and Traction-Regulated Caterpillar-Track Chassis for Agricultural Tractor-Trailer Combinations S. 589-594

„… sustainable and thus soil-friendly driving on agricultural land. Wheels are more cost-effective than …”

G. Maurer Unspoken Misapplication – Micro-Agronomics and Visual Fallacy of Agricultural Spraying S. 283-290

„… cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and all their value is generated in the two-inch space between …”

J. Henningsen, C. Schroth Challenges and potential of NIR sensors to simplify the generation of nitrogen flow balances – Digital mapping of nitrogen cycles S. 1-8

„… use in practice is still low for different reasons (e.g. high costs of machine equipment) [7]. The use …”

M. Altaleb, J. Hertzberg, H. Deeken, B. Wrenger Analysis of Combine Harvester Threshing Systems Across Different Climate Regions S. 17-24

„… machines need to be configured optimally to increase profit margins and reduce costs such as grain losses …”

J. A. Diaz-Olivares, A. van-Nuenen, B. Aernouts, I. Adriaens, W. Saeys Near-infrared spectroscopic sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time application S. 93-100

„… cost-efficient and effective method to monitor the health and welfare of individual dairy cows. In farms …”

D. H. Basavegowda, C. Weltzien High Nature Value grassland identification using deep learning S. 375-380

„… cost-intensive, and the survey quality is highly dependent on the experience and performance of the surveyors …”

L. Wenzel, T. Stein, H. J. Meyer Automatic onboard process and worktype identification of agricultural machinery with Edge Devices S. 403-410

„… a cost factor. This time required can be significantly reduced by partially or fully automated …”

D. Tyris, P. Panagakis, D. Manolakos, A. Gkountas, P. Bakalis A dynamic heat pump model for precise environment control of a broiler house in Northern Greece S. 485-492

„… use electricity or fossil fuels as energy sources, leading to CO2 emissions, increased cost and …”

L. Poppa, L. Frerichs, J. Liu, M. Böl Experimental method to analyse the blackspot bruises of potato tuber flesh due to mechanical deformation S. 429-438

„… advantages in many simulation studies due to the relatively low computational costs [7]. Particles and …”

C. Depenbrock, L. Frerichs Investigation and testing of a novel concept for straw management with the “Kombi-Mulcher” – How the decoupling of combine threshing and straw management by means of a “Kombi-Mulcher” contributes to e... S. 179-188

„… , the low costs for maintenance, the quick change of blades and the already existing conveying of the …”

A. Schweiger, H. Bernhardt Natural light interpretation for sports turf management and smart illumination development S. 365-374

„… decreases. This process is labor and cost intensive. Additionally, it is not resolving the problem …”

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