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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

M. Bahne, A. Wiesebrock Flexible oil management for dual-clutch transmissions S. I-447-I-454

„… component-specific data. Today´s prediction model accuracy is quite precise, because there is comprehensive …” „… that engine torques have risen about 35 % through the last 15 years. This effectively means many car …” „… . These are for example temperature, engine torque and engine speed, as well as transmission internal and …”

S. Stöhr, R. Koesling, V. Marx New all-wheel drive systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs S. I-483-I-500

„… cylinder engines are available with fully variable all-wheel drive (Torque-on-Demand) that regulates the …” „… improved utilization of the transient behavior of all the new engines through a reduction of the backlash …” „… optimum of transfer and distribution of the engine torque to the road in a wide range of (special …”

R. Nasdal, K. Masser Diverse requirements, one product family – The HV Kit for LCV from MAGNA S. III-55-III-60

„… combustion engine state and the integrated battery SOC management. For both hybrid variants, the e-motor …” „… solutions for efficient driving: Hybrid mode. Combustion engine mode with CO2-reduction. Full …” „… only few components are contributing to losses in transmission system. These are mainly gears …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles S. III-29-III-48

„… of a customer project. This new hybrid transmission uses a combustion engine and two highly …” „… combustion engine is achieved via a mechanical power flow and parallel hybrid function. The operating mode …” „… of the engine (ICE), 2 electric motors (e-motors), a battery, a dry clutch, the DHT and the rear …”

C. Kim New next generation eight-speed automatic transmission for FWD vehicles S. I-397-I-410

„… electrification is rapidly progressing. To achieve multi-stages of transmission, the number of components get …” „… increased and the electrification would worsen vehicle mountability in need of such as motor and engine …” „… bearings were applied. By optimizing and relocation of the powertrain structure, fewer components and …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… Modern internal combustion engines are subject to strict legal regulations concerning fuel consumption …” „… turbochargers. The latter improve powertrain performance and make high torques possible even at low engine …” „… , but also that the engine power needs to be transmitted to the wheels with the highest possible …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods S. I-329-I-348

„… new challenges to acoustic development. As opposed to the combustion engine, which produces a broad …” „… of standard combustion engines. In this context this means that, as well as developing a …” „… complete engine speed range. For the aforementioned reasons, intensive study of the excitation and …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary S. I-313-I-328

„… changeovers from drives based on electric motors to those using internal combustion engines and the resulting …” „… start and stop challenges, reduced design spaces, driving at low engine speed and increased NVH …” „… internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role for a long time to come [1 …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… continued by system optimization and single component optimization. The ratio between achievable potentials …” „… components in order to raise these potentials and maintaining or even adding further functions. Different …” „… the dynamics of electric motors easily. BorgWarner develops components in order to raise energy …”

Y. Le Neindre Great Wall Motors’ 2nd generation of Pi4 platform – A high performance PHEV for premium SUV in China S. II-99-II-110

„… based on a P0-P4 topology. Improvements made on components (engine, transmission, battery & braking …” „… the components efficiency (improvement of the engine BSFC map, 7DCT efficiency, CRBS), the setpoint …” „… • 2.0L Gasoline Engine, which can develop a maximum power 160 kW and a maximum torque of 350 N.m …”

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive S. I-79-I-94

„… OM 654q four-cylinder diesel engine in the front-wheel drive (4x2) variant. In addition to the …” „… . Fig. 1: History of compact cars at Mercedes-Benz Featured with a new four-cylinder petrol engine …” „… with direct injection and turbo-charger, a new diesel engine, along with new assistance systems …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… behaviour. Propulsion electrification is a big contributor to solve new challenges. While combustion engine …” „… electrical motor and an electric actuated clutch. Components like DC/DC converter and 48V battery are not …” „… combustion engine with electrical boost Comfort improvement - No clutch pedal (optional), torque fill …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts S. I-137-I-162

„… that consists of components for the energy converters (Internal Combustion Engine ICE, Electric …” „… powertrain concept to be investigated, characteristic component properties are assigned. Battery capacities …” „… Optimization Framework The dimensioning and parametrization of powertrain components has a significant impact …”

S. Sudo, T. Maeda, R. Kobayashi Drivetrain trend of truck of Asian market and new technology drive train for HD truck S. III-1-III-8

„… development for Asian markets; Cost: consider minimize power train configuration. Small displacement engine …” „… consider with heavy over loaded, steep hill and rough load…Increase load on each component. Drivetrain …” „… : PV chart of Carbon friction material 4.Definition durability target of each component by load …”

C. Dassler, M. Kurch, M. Nichols NVH-challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view S. I-349-I-366

„… combustion engine no longer masks other sources of noise anymore. A supplier is usually not responsible for …” „… internal combustion engine are reduced or eliminated. This also means, that noise patterns we have been …” „… components in the powertrain. Once a more detailed geometric design is available, more precise …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… combustion engines, for which the integration of the hybrid components, es- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 69 …” „… enablers are: A low cost dry dual clutch system o to avoid the cost of auxiliary components such as oil …” „… depending on available power level and battery capacity) as well as combustion engine restart from either …”

M. Scherpelz, J. Bernhardt, T. Weyh Simulation of load cycles for commercial vehicle drivelines based on statistical reasoning S. III-85-III-102

„… for the main components. Considering the estimated customer usage, load distributions will be created …” „… forward depending on the available engine power. The current driving conditions (i.e. power requirement …” „… components can be derived. By considering the well-known damage mechanisms and material-specific SN-curves …”

C. Schmahl, M. Höck, D. Ressin, M. Kesseler GKN’s ActiveConnect AWD system as an energy-efficient solution for electrified vehicles S. I-555-I-566

„… Form von P1- bis P3. Abstract For P1 to P3 hybrid vehicles with east/west engine configurations as …” „… vehicles are also being equipped with AWD systems [1]. For hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) with engines in …” „… enables a decoupling of rotating AWD components when not required for traction purpose, the vehicle’s …”

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density S. II-55-II-66

„… platform approach comprising all system components of the electrified automotive powertrain ranging from …” „… combustion engine in a Škoda Octavia was replaced with two electric axle drives, each with 105 kW of nominal …” „… integration in the powertrain of the combustion engine Dedicated hybrid transmissions for specifically …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission S. III-61-III-74

„… architecture discussion of the new 9-speed shows how components are added to achieve the design requirements …” „… . The benefits of a torque converter over a starting clutch are listed below; - Multiplies engine …” „… gradeability and lower engine speeds at cruise thereby improving fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Gear Ratio …”

S. Kurokawa, M. Kunihisa, Y. Oyama Development of a new next-generation CVT for small cars S. I-385-I-396

„… with the engine. This new CVT contributes to the improvement of class-leading vehicle fuel economy …” „… that they limit engine displacement to 660 cc and also the vehicle size to very small dimensions (Fig …” „… comfort and safety within these small vehicle specifications, it is necessary to make the engine …”

L. Herdle 7DCT/HDT400 – New fuel-efficient FWD DCT and hybrid transmission for up to 400 Nm S. I-95-I-102

„… . Without any additional actuation components, the Magna 7DCT300 dual clutch transmission is dedicated for …” „… stop/start, extended sailing functions with stopped engine and is the base transmission for scalable …” „… hybridization. As a consequent evolution of the 7DCT300, the 7DCT400 was designed to achieve higher engine …”

A. Locher, M. Ebenhoch, P. Gutmann Innovative 8HP modular design kit for conventional, MHEV and PHEV transmissions S. I-103-I-112

„… use of the transmission, when the combustion engine is switched off for sailing up into the …” „… . Important individual components such as power inverter module, the parking lock module, the oil supply …” „… enhanced development of components and sub-systems, major challenges in geometric and electric integration …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019228 Introduction It is known from the past that an internal combustion engine (ICE …” „… only associated with high motor speeds. In addition, it is advisable to adjust the load of the engine …” „… combustion engine drives. It is easier to define a powertrain configuration with only one, usually …”

M. Jörgensson, C. Wolrath, J. Hallnéus Volvo Cars modular electric axle drive S. I-531-I-540

„… engine plants alongside with awarded Volvo Engine Architecture powertrains. The architecture is scalable …” „… verification. Manufactured in engine plant alongside with Volvo Engine Architecture manufacturing, the Modular …” „… engine, it has a range of 150 km (94 m), pure electric power alone – Its output of 600 hp and 1000 Nm …”

V. Schroiff A modular Concept for EMI shielding of thermoplastic housings for E-Cars – An innovative approach to support weight saving and function integration S. II-161-III-VIII

„… usually have electrical and magnetic field components. The waves emitted by electronic components can lead …” „… components have become increasingly smaller and their number has significantly increased within electronic …” „… radiation components form the transmitted wave which shall be minimized in a suitable way …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives S. I-163-I-178

„… design of an electric drive as an example. The components and simulation disciplines are no longer …” „… the necessary design parameters for a new drive system. In the Motor DPS, the active components of the …” „… involved, which are in complex mutual relationships. Each component and each discipline comes with its own …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… engine or fuel cell in case of hybridization and in the superordinate interfaces to the vehicle control …” „… components or subsystems but also software, are needed for the proper function of the powertrain. Fig. 2 …” „… : Modular technology platform for electric drive systems The mechanical components comprise the different …”

O. Simon, W. Heubner Triple wet clutch module and actuation system, shift cylinders and park lock for modern hybrid transmissions – Architecture and technical description of a triple wet clutch unit and the related active... S. I-471-I-482

„… the combination of different actuation components in the same actuation module, as we will see below …” „… too high oil flow at higher engine speed. Even power packs with electrically driven pumps and …” „… robustness against contamination, cost-effective components and leak-tightness in closed position. This …”

D. Schweigert, M. Mileti, B. Morhard, M. Sedlmair, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Innovative transmission concept for hyper-high-speed electromechanical powertrains S. I-541-I-554

„… same time challenging tasks is to obtain an intelligent integration of all components. This way, the …” „… synergies between electrical and mechanical components can be exploited at their best. So, the optimization …” „… the dynamic behaviour of all components, as the excitation frequencies grow considerably. Indeed …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… ). Efficiency is even more important, considering that the energy storage is the costliest component of the …” „… for 2-speed engines are aimed at improving the performance of the vehicle, while the target of …” „… idea is similar to that of conventional combustion engines and multispeed transmissions. In the past …”

A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning S. I-113-I-132

„… torque of the internal combustion engine (especially near idle speed) which generally needs to be used …” „… quantities such as engine torque (driver’s demand) and development of vehicle speed to meet the engine idle …” „… introduces more constraints such as the no-kill condition, which takes the engine idle speed constraint into …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat... S. I-213-I-226

„… ecoLIFE3: An Approach for a Resource-Efficient Dimensioning of Vehicle Components based on a …” „… components are designed to meet specific requirements regarding their useful lifetime based on standardized …” „… exceed the average loading condition of components. That reduces drastically the overall resource …”

M. Kruse, H. Decker, Sebastian Eulert Optimisation of electric motor acoustics of a hybrid dual clutch gearbox using virtual methods S. II-111-II-124

„… AG Group Components, Kassel Zusammenfassung Das von der Audi AG und Volkswagen AG Komponente …” „… Components, has been used since 2018 in the A6 and Q5 model series from Audi. In addition to the demands on …” „… tronic® modular assembly matrix, developed jointly by Audi AG and Volkswagen AG Group Components Kassel …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Potentials for improving the system behaviour of highspeed clutches for BEV using optimal transmission springs S. I-265-I-278

„… strategies as well as components in the powertrain. In addition, the concepts followed in research …” „… starting torque and maximum speed. A central goal is to use the components to make a maximum impact on …” „… importance here. Highspeed concepts using stateof-the-art drive systems, components and design methods can …”

J. Grabowski, A. Colognese 48V to 12V Converters for xEV Applications – Managing the headaches of dual voltage automotive architectures S. II-45-II-54

„… dual architecture vehicle require fundamentally new components such as the 48V to 12V bi-directional …” „… energy converting component, the inductor. The direction of this current dictates the direction of the …” „… starting the vehicle. Typically, additional engine start/stops will be postponed until all systems have …”

C. Leonhardt, M. Otto, K. Stahl Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears S. I-179-I-196

„… Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears Christoph …” „… automotive industry. In this paper the approach of a multi-component gear design with high-strength gear rim …” „… variants of multi-component gears such as gears with a gear body out of cut and stacked sheet metal as …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b... S. I-21-I-48

„… requirements, the TDT utilizes an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in a parallel-series hybrid electric …” „… , assembled and tested as components and as an entire powertrain at a powertrain test bench and in a …” „… at the EM component test bench. The combined efficiency of the EM and the PE was determined by …”

H. Merkel Solutions for increased power density at shifting clutches S. I-197-I-212

„… in the component designs. Transmission design trends and friction material requirements Figure 1 …” „… . Recent development of 9 to 11 speed transmission for combustion engines and transmissions for Hybrid and …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution S. III-19-III-28

„… engines real emissions and generated pressure to ban diesel vehicles. Megacities like London, Paris and …” „… used for this study, illustrated in Fig. 4, was developed with AMESim using 0-D/1-D components. It …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

Sun Danfeng - Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

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Sun Danfeng

Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1278 2022

Results in this title

Distributed Edge Intelligence for Dependability Assessment and Spectral Efficiency Optimization S. 70-82

„… . Note that the data acquisition component, local database,and Docker engine are all not necessary, which …” „… AcquisitionNetwork ManagementSQLiteEdge Node 1OSDocker EngineCoordinator Sub-modelsData AcquisitionCommunication …” „… Cloud ServersData SourcesPLCs DCSs SensorsDrivesCommunication ComponentDatabaseEdge Node 2OSDocker …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186278081

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

A. Fröhlcke, M. Felbermaier, A. Britten, P. Fietkau Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives S. 47-60

„… incorporates all the relevant components, such as drive shafts, gears and bearings. This enables a holistic …” „… faults and component tolerances in the system in a short timeframe. As a result, the method allows for …” „… other sounds by the noise of the combustion engine is lacking. With electric drives, increased …”

N. Mueller Electrification of heavy commercial vehicles from the perspective of a bodybuilder S. 555-560

„… 's engine must be running. A truck diesel engine with power take-off needs about 4-6 liters per hour when …” „… rotate self-sufficiently. Likewise, the diesel engine of the truck can remain switched off and a fuel …” „… pedal or a hand throttle. The speed of the engine, and the PTO speed, controls the PTO in this case. In …”

K. Seno Prediction for the service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured operational conditions S. 561-566

„… predict the service lives of the mechanical components in order to determine the design in the early …” „… mechanical components by elaborating an evaluation method called modelbased development in which operational …” „… development was confirmed and the service lives of the mechanical components were accurately predicted under …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… contributes to vehicle safety requirements and allows the oversizing of surrounding components to be reduced …” „… hybridization concepts (serial, parallel, mixed forms). In parallel hybrids, the electric engine can be …” „… positioned anywhere from the belt starter generator (P0), on the combustion engine (P1), between the …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 347 Combustion Engine (ICE) without significant torque drop and negative feedback …” „… system-related losses depending on engine speed, which ends up in a lowered overall system efficiency. This …” „… starter, located between the internal combustion engine and the transmission. The main functions are the …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… terms, neither from an economic nor from a technical point of view. Combustion engines are still the …” „… challenge of defining cost-efficient platforms with modular components so that a wide range of vehicles can …” „… these powertrain components, topologies and functions requires a development process on the system …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… development targets, and possible contributions to reducing CO2-emissions. This includes combustion engines …” „… vehicle fleet can only be achieved with de-fossilized / de-carbonized fuels for combustion engines. A …” „… about 6 %. Engine advancements can be achieved through a combination of various measures. Figure 4 …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… Details Remarks/Targets 2 Component Sizing Sizing shaft, bearings and housing to achieve target safeties …” „… performance. The author presents a method to set up design requirements for these components to control their …” „… safety factor against different failure modes. Under various operating conditions, the components are …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… of the combustion engine away from the driven components. The best decoupling usually is given by a …” „… shows potentials with respect to a targeted damper design. Usually, the combustion engine is no longer …” „… an example of several torsional characteristics for the drive side all designed for an engine torque …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… (eMotors, thermal systems, power electronics, battery systems, control systems, engine components …” „… showing the efficiency effects of temperature isolated to individual components are also shown to …” „… advanced tools, but we recognized that to continue developing optimized components and systems for our …”

A. Ramsauer, A. Pujari Frontloading for (Hybrid-) Transmission Integration at BMW S. 101-116

„… vehicles, certain recurring shift patterns can be identified based on engine speed and longitudinal …” „… methodology are showcased by evaluation of shift comfort and dynamics of the BMW inline 6-cylinder engine …” „… propelled either by gasoline or diesel engines. Today, the automotive product portfolio has highly grown in …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… capability and low-temperature availability. The 48-volt mild hybrid battery supports the combustion engine …” „… . The Battery Management system with the mechatronic components is located above the cell stack. The …” „… single components are comparable but the number of cells is increase from 20 cells (20 Ah) to 40 cells …”

L. de Ruijsscher TREMEC Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission (HDCT) – Electrification of TREMEC’s high performance dual clutch transmission S. 159-178

„… . A key attribute to TREMEC’s development approach is vertical integration from component design and …” „… Differentials (eLSD or mLSD), the TR-9080 is utilized in several new mid-engine sports car applications. The …” „… , 2021 161 Fig. 3: Hybrid configurations in mid-engine vehicle With the electric motor between the …”

T. Hillesheim Energy-efficient Hydraulic Control for the Multi-speed Transmission of an Electric Vehicle S. 319-328

„… combustion engine drives with exhaust gas turbocharging, the torque curves remains constant over a broad …” „… gears the transmission has, the better the entire engine map can be utilized. In contrast, the power of …” „… manual transmissions or dual-clutch transmissions in conjunction with a combustion engine. When …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… installing a downsized combustion engine, which is supported by electric drives in the trailer units, if …” „… install a downsized combustion engine which is supported by the electric drives in the trailer units, if …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 595 3 System Architecture In this chapter the system components of the AEMPT will …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… properties of the EM to cancel out the mechanical components in terms of start, reverse and synchronization …” „… . However, the elimination of these mechanical components has a large impact on driveability such as …” „… engine vehicles, hybrid and electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly. At the same time, with …”

A. Nees Flexible Electro-hydraulic Actuation System for Multi-speed Electrified Drivetrains – Requirements and Concept S. 275-290

„… customized modules. The flexible use of existing series components for transmission controls can help to …” „… combustion engines, there remains an area of conflict between high torque, high speed and efficiency. The …” „… over speed than combustion engines and a better fit for overcoming the driving resistances. They …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… conventional internal combustion engine vehicles providing customer known long range capability of more than …” „… use an combustion engine as a dedicated range-extender. The layout concept is designed for a higher …” „… combustion engine shaft and double differential in a trapezoidal arrangement axially parallel to each other …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… , Plug-in Hybrid, BEV and FCEV. It is vital to meet the needs of the respective segments with components …” „… commercial technology approach: A kit that consists of electrical, mechanical and software components. One …” „… respective segments with components that can be used in as many applications as possible. In the sections …”

J. Nowack, G. Hellenbroich, A. Ghosh, V. Shapovalov, R. Fleuren Park by Wire System for current Electric Drive Units S. 291-302

„… , 2021296 4.2 Compact, modular design Fig. 7 gives an overview of the different components of the park lock …” „… . Physical components based on hardware components Logical components with encapsulated functionalities …” „… Standardized physical interfaces between all components Park Lock functionality is integrated in the …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… applications. Advantageously, this may facilitate a scaling potential of these components regarding production …” „… volumes, thus enabling lower prices for these components. Depending on the vehicles load profile the EDU …” „… approach, systems engineering loops are carried out with deep dives into the component layout and …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… emissions of the vehicles. Approaches will be realized on different areas: more efficient diesel engines …” „… series realization of the e-Drive and its components it is essential to find a balance between …” „… standardized modular components, whereas the towing vehicle would need complex modifications with expensive …”

G. Brudeli, B. Vestgård, S. Bjørkgård, L. Bjørkhaug Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks S. 567-580

„… 3 of the BGM roadmap, a hybrid vehicle which is costneutral versus a diesel engine and AMT …” „… . Fig. 1: The BGM parallel-serial hybrid system. Main components in green. The electric motor E1 is …” „… Vehicle Diesel Engine Efficiency Evaluation and Energy Audit“ [1] This can be exploited by the serial …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… conditions require alternatives for combustion engines within urban freight delivery. Cities will ban diesel …” „… other key components for trucks, trailers and buses. The BPW Group offers comprehensive mobility …” „… " offers the advantage of more space in the vehicle for batteries and other components. Furthermore, this …”

A. R. Lowis, R. Smith hofer H8-DCT-850 – High Performance Dual Clutch Transmission for transaxle application S. 179-190

„… transmission. Combined with an all new V6 engine, the transmission had to be made capable of input speeds of …” „… comprise of a similar set of sub-systems and components; they all require a gearset, a dual clutch module …” „… required transmission volume outwards through careful selection and packaging of proprietary components …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… components for hybrids and e-drives Simulation and AI-supported design in development Plenary speeches …” „… conventional and electrifi ed drives Latest test methods for the validation of components Expectations of the …” „… Testing High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric vehicles …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… to a huge variety of drivetrain configurations, due to the combination of internal combustion engine …” „… components. In addition to lower costs for the OEM, this approach allows for offering end customer-specific …” „… precisely than internal combustion engines. And the peak power of e-motors, being instantly available …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… up to 8500 gearshifts per derivative and engine-transmission variant have to be tested on separate …” „… control unit (TCU) is to control and regulate gear changes and the engine interface. Gear changes are …” „… torque MK1 is lower than the engine torque by JENG∙ώ1. In phase 2, K2 closes continuously and, Fig. 1 …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… combustion engine (ICE) torque and an electric boosting capacity up to 550 Nm equivalent input torque. The …” „… quicker response times and a higher accuracy compared to conventional combustion engines. Speed …” „… anytime A crucial feature for sophisticated plug-in solutions is the possibility to start the engine in …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… powertrains Design approach, realization and use cases of the component test bench Guanlin Gao, M.Sc …” „… . In addition to the model-based development and optimization of powertrains or its components …” „… bench components and sensors, as well as the control of the unit under test. In addition, the test …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… Maserati MC20. Key attribute to the TREMEC development approach is vertical integration from component …” „… vehicles, engine power and torque levels are often surpassing what can be transferred effectively to the …” „… axle to divert torque left or right. Table 1 shows the driveline layout, engine power and acceleration …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… by the energy management. Due to the special properties of the components and the limited …” „… (GCW) of 42 tons (i.e. 40t + 2t due to European new energy legislation). The main components of the …” „… stack including a certain number of fuel cells in series, the balance-of-plant (BOP) components …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… components. These loads depend on the mounting position of the parking lock and have to be considered in the …” „… combustion engines (ICEs) towards electric drive systems. Although the long-term outlook for electric …” „… axle drive (e-drive) that consists of the main components “power electronics unit”, “electric machine …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… driven by a central engine, electric all-wheel drive systems are realized as axle split systems. Both …” „… including all components is shown in Fig. 1. Both front and rear axle are driven by a separate electric …” „… mathematical models of the components contained in the system boundaries. Within the model library, the …”

M. Hein, J. Pellkofer, K. Michaelis, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, D. Kadach Test method A/16,6/90 with injection lubrication for discriminating different lubricants for dual-clutch transmissions S. 437-452

„… components of the gearbox. Scuffing as typical spontaneously appearing damage on gears can lead to a total …” „… lubricants should not have a negative effect on other failure modes and components of the gear box …” „… frictional behavior for different components of the gearbox. High coefficients of friction are required …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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Dritev 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

B. James Demonstration of a Cloud-based Gearbox Digital Twin – Using telematics data for reliability predictions S. 165-182

„… manufacturer of ground vehicles. In this project, the vehicles under study are IC engine driven, and thus the …” „… Hexagon in 2020. Both ISO 281 and ISO 6336 output component fatigue damage. This does not predict …” „… :  Engine speed  Engine torque  Selected ratio  Gearbox oil temperature It is obvious how this data can …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… exhausted for hybrid transmissions? Innovative component development for hybrid systems Dipl.-Ing. Laurent …” „… developed. To this end, Schaeffler as a component and system supplier offers innovative solutions around the …” „… internal combustion engine on the one hand and the electric drive on the other. An innovative further …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-XVI

„… , early on in the development stage, of the impact electrical components will have on the sub-sequent …” „… an early stage and to break sound pattern targets down into individual components. The entire tool …” „… e-axle; this involved performing a noise synthesis based on compo-nent measurements as well as a full …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… additional internal combustion engine connected to both sub-transmissions to extend the vehicles range and …” „… environmental footprint to add a small internal combustion engine instead of a large battery, which has a …” „… smaller impact on the curb weight of the vehicle. This engine should only be used for long trips and CO2 …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… combustion engines, emission legislation and the recent sharp rise in prices for fossil fuels, electric …” „… internal combustion engine due to the distinctions in the overall powertrain layout. However, the …” „… engines, emission legislation and the recent sharp rise in prices for fossil fuels, electric powertrains …”

M. Gukelberger Magna’s Dedicated Hybrid Drive DHD Duo – a Platformbased two e-Machine System S. 197-204

„… drives and internal combustion en-gines. The Chinese Road Map 2.0 specifies target values for fuel …” „… serial driving operation, as well as parallel mode operation at higher speeds. At low engine loads, the …” „… engine can be operated load point optimized through load-point shifting by including the …”

A. Paone, J. Larbig, A. Rohm, T. Höche ZF TherMaS: Holistic Thermal Management for BEV S. 45-60

„… increase efficiency, every kind of optimization on the component level (e-motor, power electronics, reducer …” „… the vehicle sub-components allows a better design of the components themselves and a better …” „… vehicles with combustion engine are dumping the loss-energy via big radiators to ambient air, with bonus …”

A. Braumandl, K. Bause, A. Albers Automated design of fuel cell drive systems S. 221-234

„… comprises several components, such as a fuel cell system, electric motor, power electronics, hydrogen …” „… can also be used as an optimization criterion for drive system optimization and component sizing tasks …” „… fuel cell system, as outlined in [15]. The components of a fuel cell drive system include the fuel cell …”

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… combines the best aspects of both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, see Fig. 1 a). But …” „… . Electric drivetrains operate differently than combustion engines and hybrids, and their electric motors …” „… , such as the ability to interchange components easily to adapt to various applications. Modular systems …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… . Introduction For decades, we have been accustomed to the fact that a higher power output of combustion engines …” „… powerful and large displacement spark ignition engines run with higher throttle and friction losses at …” „… percent of the load, while internal combustion engines often have their sweet spot at around 70 percent …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… combustion engine. The principal excitation from the geared drive train is a conse-quence of the meshing of …” „… perception. The aim of this study was to include a scattering component in the gear tooth micro geometry to …” „… frequency components associated with the tooth meshing rates were reduced while simultaneously increasing …”

Z. Liu, S. Rinderknecht A sequential adaptive sampling strategy for surrogate model construction of transmission losses S. 425-440

„… experimental and theoretical approaches. Regarding theo-retical simulations, all related mechanical components …” „… adaptive sampling strategy Surrogate model As one of the essential components in the whole adaptive …” „… at the Institute for Mechatronic System (Fig. 2). For simulation of engine and road load, one drive …”

T. Hofman, J. Van Kampen, O. Borsboom Electric Mobility Design – From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization S. 391-410

„… Electric Mobility Design From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization Dr. Ir. T …” „… integrated design process from vehicle fleet optimization towards powertrain component design. It starts at …” „… system ar-chitecture describing how components (cell-to-pack/vehicle, motor-to-wheels) can be con-nected …”

J. Merckling Comparison of Efficiency of Tapered Roller Bearings and Deep Groove Ball Bearings in Electric Vehicle Intermediate Shaft Applications S. 339-348

„… whether the motor is intended to assist with an internal combustion engine or provide propulsion …” „… individual component through the full powertrain. Timken has developed ePDFE (power-dense fuel-efficient …” „… capability  Reduced overall package size as a result of increased power density that allows component system …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… drive systems and their components is an ever greater challenge in times of diversity in powertrain …” „… to support the design process of the drive system and the associated components. Early on, virtual …” „… powertrain components of exemplary var-iants of a vehicle model. These variants will feature different …”

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, K. Stahl Failure Characteristics of Wet-Clutches in Limited Slip Differentials S. 307-324

„… . Meanwhile, increasing torques in vehicles with internal combustion engines and especially in electric cars …” „… steel plates and inner-toothed friction lining plates in the ZF/FZG KLP-260 component test rig [26]. The …” „… of a clutch disc set in the component test rig ZF / FZG KLP-260.Figure 2: Photos of the test parts: a …”

R. Fehrenbacher, P. Duck, K. Bause Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the example of a hybridized automated transmission S. 411-424

„… secondary markets), characterized by simple adaptations of functions, subsystems, and components through …” „… , more sustainable use can be offered, for example, by simplifying some components. Design of adaptable …” „… architectures. [18] The technical system consists of several components (subsystems) connected by as few …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… powertrain with its main components. The high voltage battery, which is not shown, supplies the power …” „… and its main components VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023442provides degrees of freedom, that can converge …” „… masking through the internal combustion engine (ICE) [7,8]. The challenges regarding gearbox acoustics are …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… during dormant periods. Using a simulation model, the components of the most suitable concept for a …” „… engine connected to an alternator, e.g. the alternator of the vehicle. For the gas engine the main …” „… engine of the vehicle can be used or an additional engine optimized for the smaller loads. The generated …”

D. Thute, J. Furmaniak, A. Alterbaum Compact cooling system set-up with an innovative pre-cleaning solution for a mid-range combine harvester application S. 243-250

„… in front of the engine with a compact and highly effective pre-cleaning solution and a raised …” „… cooling system air in-take. All the components were especially designed to fit the overall requirements …” „… of a mid-range combine harvester as well as the component requirements of the cooling system. The …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… integrated powertrain solutions. The core components of the ePower proposal are the electric motors …” „… , redesigned mechanical components and control electronics: working at the same time on all these tree …” „… components leads reaching brilliant results in term of power density and efficiency. We need to consider …”

M. Mosker Current Developments and Challenges in the Range of Tractor Mounted Forage Harvesters S. 465-472

„… attached to their tractors. At first, the standard was single-row harvesting. As the engine performance of …” „… . 2395, 2022466 Last but not least, the available engine performance of the self-propelled forage …” „… available combinations of tractor and mounted forage harvester. Fig. 5: Engine Power 1993 Thanks to …”

Y. Ehlert A Modular Approach for a Dialog Based Assistance System to Adjust and Optimize Machines and Machine Combinations for Different Agricultural Applications S. 273-278

„… and final component is the control engine. In the app example, this is a specially developed software …” „… is not only realized by simple growth of the machines and installed engine power, but also by more …” „… a platform-independent definition of all necessary components in a predefined XML format. In these …”

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… behavior has not been the case for combustion engine powered machines, since more energy efficient systems …” „… , construction, and transport since the 20st century. Usually, a single Diesel engine is used as a central power …” „… manufacturers and the global push towards electrified larger machines enable the supply of suitable components …”

M. Varani, G. Molari, M. Mattetti, S. Fiorati, N. Lenzini, M. Montanari Tractor equipped with an external electric generator combined with electric powered Sprayer and Mulcher performances evaluation S. 381-388

„… (m-Sprayer and m-Mulcher). Field tests were performed acquiring essential parameters such as tractor engine …” „… %. This is mainly due to the independence of the e-Sprayer and e-Mulcher rotational speed from the engine …” „… speed of the tractor, allowing the engine to run slower and save fuel. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 381 …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… combination with a fuzzy knowledge-based control algorithm. The robot was a combustion engine rover that …” „… engines have contributed to the design and development of farming robots by providing virtual …” „… accelerated [9]. In this approach, the functionality of the virtual components can be significantly improved …”

S. Rottgermann, S. Haverkamp Fundamental Concept for Highly Automated Implements with Distinct Regard To Process Automation S. 359-364

„… , electronic components and sensors, locating, tracking and navigation Keywords: automation, implement …” „… tractor or agricultural robot), knowledge of engine utilization, current (wheel) torques and information …”

E. Eder, P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl Estimation of grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning S. 293-300

„… crucial components for machine learning. A well balanced dataset is one of the major requirements of …” „… and Cloud Gap-Filling Using Gaussian Process Regression in Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing, 13(3 …”

S. Lorenz Machine operation task analysis – A deeper look into the shift of task profiles within operating agricultural cyber-physical production systems S. 473-484

„… detection of an obstacle or component malfunction exceeds the machines’ automation capabilities. The …” „… Operator checks current value and history of the parameters engine rpm, traction, machine speed and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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