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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

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M. Lang Design and analysis of a magnetic-electrical power split gearbox for application in an agricultural vehicle S. 17-22

„… concept for an electric power split transmission with a magnetic circumferential gearbox unit and inbuilt …” „… gearbox units for application in hybrid power trains, underlining their basic usage potential. Especially …” „… . 1: Development of the magnetic-electrical power split unit from the mechanical planetary gearset …”

S. Mercati, A. Bertoli, C. Ognibene Next generation hybrid-electric power steering systems for agriculture machines S. 451-XIV

„… Next generation hybrid-electric power steering systems for agriculture machines Stefano Mercati …” „… , Andrea Bertoli, Claudio Ognibene, Ognibene Power Spa, Reggio nell’Emilia, Italy Abstract The …” „… advanced steering system under development by Ognibene, named Intelligent Flow Digital Power Steering …”

A. Roth, C. Puls Development of a 3-speed gearbox in electric powertrain – Ground drive transmission for a commercial vehicle S. 23-30

„… shifting process. The control unit separates the power flow on request of the superordinate control and …” „… Overall system The overall system consists of the electric drive including battery and power electronics …” „… Gearbox control System The vehicle has various decentralized control units. Therefore, the requirement …”

M. Pußack, I. Stasewitsch, L. Frerichs Investigations of a cutter bar operated in resonance mode with an electric direct drive S. 151-156

„… with gearing mechanisms that convert a rotating power source into an oscillating movement. An …” „… . Compared to rotary mowers they require much less drive power in relation to the working width and are …” „… usually driven by a rotating power source. In a gearing mechanism, the rotational movement is converted …”

R. Schmetz Energy analyses of different advanced drive systems for agricultural machinery S. 315-322

„… hand, the use and the availability of internal combustion engines as power sources will remain for a …” „… , single unit of John Deere's GridCon2-system and CF-system (for CF-system see the corresponding article …” „… energy by internal combustion engines or power electronics and electric motors, if necessary with …”

C. Depenbrock, L. Frerichs New approach for an innovative straw management with the ”Kombi-Mulcher“ S. 395-404

„… through the combine harvester, regardless of its further use. This inevitably leads to a higher power …” „… the higher power requirement, more and more motorized machines are necessary or result in lower …” „… “Kombi-Mulcher” [6] A mowing unit cuts a variable part of the straw in the upper part and transports it with a …”

T. Bögel, T. Herlitzius Multipurpose soil tillage with smart machinery – Electric-driven, sensor-controlled soil tillage S. 69-72

„… for the generated roughness and the mixing of plant material. With this information, the control unit …” „… electrical power, the tractor mounted PTO generator Valkyrie is part of the Kronos system. Valkyrie is …” „… DC electrical power. Fig. 6: Overview of the Kronos system advantages VDI-Berichte Nr …”

R. Schmetz, R. Hartanto Soil protection and energy savings through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage S. 83-92

„… guideline 6101, today still requires heavy tractors with high powers. On the one hand, this can cause …” „… mechanical drive energy with the help of power electronics and the electromotive principle. Then …” „… are the sub-functions “Conversion of electrical energy” (using power electronics), “Conversion into …”

U. Claes Development of an advanced grain handling system for a new combine range S. 383-386

„… power requirement High wear resistance of conveying components Gentle grain conveying …” „… limited design space. Due to the larger threshing unit, the new machines have increased in length, which …” „… reliability and the allocated design space. So power density (potential unload rate in the given design space …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… options of the machine, such as possibility to quickly disconnect and replace the power unit or to change …” „… autonomous machines for green area cultivation. The Feldschwarm is a modular system of the units operating in …” „… more power to open environment whilst comparing to areas such as industrial production and logistic …”

S. Tanner Experience gained in developing Autonomous Robots using AI and spot spraying to weed open field crops S. 213-222

„… preparation requires very high power, and harvesting needs to transport high masses. Between the two, there …” „… power of autonomous tractors; they do not represent viable operations for dedicated autonomous robots …” „… for medium-size robots. 2.3 Power source A thermal engine is the preferred solution for long range …”

A. Holler, C. Mueller From driver to automated driving – Proposal for a holistic step by step approach S. 413-424

„… , providing a Power-PC based CPU board fully integrated into the controller on the nonsafe side. As with the …” „… safety controller of type digsy fusion S instead of the general-purpose unit. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374 …” „… level computing power to run advanced and CPU heavy navigation algorithms. In addition, the HMI is …”

S. Cazzaniga, M. Zecchi, R. Marella, T. Beavers How to improve operator comfort in a tractor with low noise gear pump technology S. 335-344

„… , Dr. Marco Zecchi, Rocco Marella, Timothy Beavers, Danfoss Power Solutions, Bologna, Italy …” „… clearance” when new, but due to normal degredation (e.g. oil contamination, wear, etc.) during a unit’s …”

S. Raikwar, T. Herlitzius, J. Fehrmann Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design S. 425-434

„… platform. This navigational unit includes motion planning, obstacle avoidance and data transmission module …” „… power (kW) 30 Steering mode 4-Wheel Steering Communication CAN VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 427 3 …” „… of the environment. The path planning unit gives the geo-referenced path co-ordinates for the robot …”

T. Crotty, D. Byrne, E. Jones, M. Glavin, J. Warren A Season in Data: Efficiency of a Forage Mower S. 143-150

„… positioning chip. A custom electronic Control Unit was programmed to connect to the digital and analog …” „… harvesting crop. For the mower, the mower bed location, hydraulic pressure and Power-Take-Off (PTO) speed …”

A. Kunz Alternative drives for agricultural machines – Legal frame, meaning, concepts, validation, conclusion S. 405-412

„… Holland T6.180 Methane Power [20]. In this tractor with market entry in 2021 a spark ignited gas en …” „… electric motor with a power of 50 kW replaces the Diesel engine. With a battery capacity of 100 kWh an …” „… 1959, Allis-Chalmers presented in the US such a tractor with a power of 15 kW in a short field …”

L. Trösken, L. Frerichs Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms S. 435-444

„… equipment consists of two tractors with a power of 120 and 135 kW, a combine (225 kW) and implements in 3 m …” „… (An imprint of Elsevier), London, United Kingdom, 2019. [3] Dijkstra, E. W., “A Note on Two Problems …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… ) to analyze the fluid flow and evaluate the power losses for a wide range of gear unit variants in …” „… about the wetting of components, the power losses [2 - 4] and the heat dissipation of gear units, it is …” „… concerning the numerical modelling of the oil flow and the power losses in gear units. He postulated good …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… the load-independent gear loss torques, which are part of the total power loss of the gearbox …” „… . According to ISO/TR 14179-2, this total power loss is composed of load-dependent and load-independent parts …” „… : 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 (1.1) The load-dependent gear power loss 𝑃 is thus included in the total …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… : Symbols,indices and units Symbol Meaning Unit U Internal energy J W˙ Mehcanical power losses W Q˙ Mechanical power …” „… is used to solve the problem: power losses and heat flow are calculated versus time. Which leads to …” „… experimental and numerical temperatures is observed.Keywords: Isothermal model, Power losses, splash …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… Strength Isaac Hong, David Talbot, Gear and Power Transmission Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical …” „… literature and provides an analysis on an example countershaft electric vehicle drive unit to explore what …” „… microstructures of large volume and high-quality gearing. Most gears made for power transmission purposes are made …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… , Newcastle University, United Kingdom Abstract Improving gear efficiency, i.e. reducing gear power loss, is …” „… Investigation Dr. Jishan Zhang, Prof. Brian Shaw, Andy Hammer, Ian Sewell, Design Unit, School of Engineering …” „… extremely important for the reduction in weight and size of the overall mechanical power transmission …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… designed as electrical load unit consisting of two electric motors. The tooth flanks of the test gears are …” „… stationary applications. The greater the power that has to be transmitted, the larger and more expensive the …” „… corresponding gear units are. In critical industrial applications, gearboxes are already equipped with Condition …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… not require gear lubrication. Fig. 2: Design and advantages of a magnetic transmission Gear units …” „… structure. In this case, one component of the gearing in a planetary gear unit - in the case studied here …” „… lubrication of the tooth flanks. Figure 3 shows the design of a planetary gear unit with plastic gears. Radial …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… operation is the increase in power density of gear units. Furthermore, the load-dependent gear losses in …” „… suitable measure. However, the use of low-viscosity lubricants and the increase in the power density of …” „… gear units lead to increased operation of the gear teeth in the mixed friction regime. To counteract …”

H. Mahe Model based NVH design: e-bike application S. 1229-1238

„… gear-box in mid drive unit position together with an electrical motor for assistance. To balance motor …” „… with the gearbox torque. To help the diagnosis and understanding, a complete model of the power …” „… cargo. Fig. 1: Drive unit implemented in a bike Table 1: E-bike key features Key Features e-motor -48 …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… friction power loss of each contact unit on each meshing gear tooth can be obtained, then the meshing 21 …” „… power density is that it can transmit more power per unit volume. In this paper, power density is also …” „… mesh loss is calculated through a mesh process analysis, and other power losses are calculated by …”

D. Matsuura, D. Hashioka, T. Kobayashi, H. Maki Generation Method of Polygonal Shaped Work Pieces Based on Gear Meshing Theory S. 1631-1640

„… technique called “power skiving method”. This method is achieved as the result of synchronous revolution of …” „… the polygon As shown in Fig. 5, polygon shape can be seen as a cycle of unit shapes, namely a gear …” „… its axis. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1635Fig. 5: A unit shape (gear tooth) found in a polygon. Fig. 6 …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… normative for civil helicopters, the failure of the lubrication system of a power transmission unit should …” „… ] and [3]) involving failures of the drive system, which is responsible for converting the power …” „… rotor drive system is to transmit power from engines to both main and tail rotors, while reducing the …”

B.-S. Kim, D. Im, J.-H. Park, W.-J. Chung, Y.-J. Park Development of Optimal Design Program for Macro-Geometry of Planetary Gear Set using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 1181-1194

„… to modifying gear tooth surfaces in minute units, and it is helpful to improve the performance of …” „… performance parameters of gears, mass, transmission error, and power loss, were used as the objective function …” „… . 2422, 2023 11852.2.3. Gear mesh power loss calculation The efficiency of gearbox is calculated through …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… parameters, contact ratio ( ) and overlap ratio ( ) are also included. The gears‘ safety factors and power …” „… displayed in Table 3 ordered by increasing total number of teeth. It can be verified that the power loss is …” „… be a replacement for the C40 so their safety factors are as high as the C40. The higher power loss of …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwon Design optimization of multi-stage gear trains with asymmetric teeth under a broad range of torques by incorporating multibody simulations S. 383-396

„… multi-power flow gear train by considering both macro- and microgeometry parameters to satisfy strength …” „… gear excitation forces and mesh power loss in a multi-power flow operating condition while the gear …” „… of optimization for a gear train that has multi-mesh and multi-power flow, an 8-speed DCT …”

D. Krüger Reuse S. 3-12

„… Noise Level (EPNL). Such unit takes into account the frequency, content and duration of the event. The …” „… mega-cities around the globe, Fig. 4. The separation of power and thrust generation alongside optimised …” „… as energy storage powering smaller aircraft using fuel cells, or as direct combustion fuel to power …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… temperatures. A decrease of the power losses allows also a downsize and a reduction of the weight of the system …” „… , with an increase in the power density and performances. Engineering tools allowing a comparison of …” „… accurate to capture the power losses of geared systems, the computational effort required for their …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… aspect to a successful gear design. Since the main noise originates from the characteristic power …” „… . IntroductionIn modern power transmission systems, noise contributes as a quality feature to the success of a …” „… gearbox design. It is known that the power transmission process leads to an internal vibration excitation …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… constructive changes in the power-transmitting elements. Therefore, this contribution uses magnetoresistive (MR …” „… with the DriveRadar® IG Edge Processing Unit from SEW-Eurodrive every 60 minutes for a duration of 30 …” „… , MR Z3, MR B, MR C DriveRadar® IG Edge Processing Unit Sampling frequency: 50 kHz; sampling duration …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… Minimizing NVH and friction-induced power losses is becoming paramount in the design of geared transmissions …” „… semi-empirical model to estimate frictional power losses under elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication is described. The …” „… reliability in power VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 853transmission. Nevertheless, the deployment of spiral bevel …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… Geometry Symbol Value UnitNormal module mn0 2.557 mm Normal pressure angle n0 17.5 ° Number of gashes ni0 …” „… manufacturing technologies for manufacturing spur and helical gears and is widely used in wind power, automotive …” „… , aerospace and industrial applications [1]. The ever-increasing demand for higher power densities in these …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , Design Unit, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, United KingdomPreflight Lx3 am August 30, 2023 …” „… Power Transmission Research Laboratory, Departmentof Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio …” „… . Van Der Kamp, ZF Wind Power, Lommel, Belgium Load capacityReview of the definition of the loads for …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… highest possible performance. The base of every gear unit design is a specification of the occurring …” „… assumption that many gear units tend to be oversized, which is supported by the very low number of damaged …” „… information on the actual gear unit loads during operation. The smart gearboxes monitor the gearbox loads on …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… automotive drivetrains (IFA), Ruhr-University Bochum Abstract Increasing demands in power density of …” „… roughened with worse frictional properties. This leads to higher power losses and can ultimately cause a …” „… a closed power loop between a test and a slave gearbox. The power loop is driven by an electric …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts …” „… process of specific end-use parts of gear units. To reach this goal, various software components were …” „… . The functionality of the software is demonstrated by a sample part: Customer-defined gear unit …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… . Bevel gears are critical components that transfer power between intersecting rotating shafts. Based on …” „… gears have been proposed based on LTCA [6], enabling to reduce the acoustic power at the gear meshing …” „… properties of the analyzed spiral bevel gear pair. Gear blank data Symbol Units Pinion Gear Number of teeth …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… radiated power is determined [1], [2]. For the calculation of the housing excitations, the transmission is …” „… necessary CPU – power. The frequency domain approach is much faster than the time domain approach and can be …” „… transmission housing surface velocities in the frequency domain and the related ERP (equivalent radiated power …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… combination of high power density, high efficiency and low noise emission. With the electrification of the …” „… power density. In stepped planetary gearboxes - in contrast to planetary gearboxes - the single planet …” „… different load paths [1]. Load sharing to several stepped planets is thus in conflict between a high power …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… . Introduction and MotivationOn the trend of integrated power train development, planetary gear stages can …” „… power trains, leading to a positive effect on the efficiency of the overall system [1]. At the same time …” „… . Table 1: Ring gear specifications Name Value Unit Module mn 1.25 mm Number of teeth z 85 Helix angle β …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… power-driven vehicles themselves, must become more environmentally friendly with less negative impact on …” „… tool carrier with a worm gear unit and servomotor. Thereby, a standard frequency modulation and a …” „… design of the machine frame and the ram unit is shown in Fig. 5. According to the simulation model. Thus …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… characterized by a high power density and a compact design with coaxial in- and output. Consequently, planetary …” „… gear units are frequently used in many practical applications, e.g. in wind energy and industrial …” „… scaling-up of the required system power, the risk of flank damages increased during the last decade. Certain …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… powertrain parts. Since then, the company has expanded the product line from parts to units, such as manual …” „… - production of powertrain component and drive unit. This paper introduces some of the considerations regarding …” „… an e-Axle. It aims to find new Low Fluid loss Low Lubricant agitation lossPower consumption Low …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… and Planet-Ring meshes and maximizing the overall NVH performance of electric drive units by virtual …” „… considered for the advantages of compactness, high power-to-weight ratios, high efficiency and high …” „… validated in a bench test. 3. Application case: Electric drive unit for passenger car 3.1. Application case …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… generate low load-dependent gear power losses, they are particularly suitable for modern drive systems. As …” „… properties.Introduction New mobility solutions require increasingly powerful drive units with favorable vibroacoustic …” „… properties. Due to high power density and good efficiency at high transmission ratios, planetary gearboxes …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… places the focus of development on increasingly compact drive units with the highest power density. Due …” „… to high power density and good efficiencies at high transmission ratios, planetary gearboxes are …” „… increasingly used in drive units [1]. While internal gears of a DIN Q10 quality are still sufficient for …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… units are nowadays usually only carried out in special cases, and usually also rather at the end of a …” „… studies for evaluating the risk of failure of the gear unit. Main results from the simulations are the …” „… . This facilitates a significant increase in development speed and an increase in power density. The …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… application (e.g. Electrical Power Steering worm wheel or balancer shaft) by IMS Gear. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …” „… acoustical properties of the gear unit due to the damping properties of the plastic can be improved. Fig. 1 …”

M. Brumm, D. Sari Complete machining of complex transmission parts S. 1581-1590

„… target is to increase the power density of the new transmission and to reduce the production costs. It is …” „… following Fig. 7 shows a double cell with two vertical turning centers and a central automation unit with a …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… ], method C as following: It can be seen that the coefficient of friction depends on the transverse unit …” „… of friction is given in Equation (5). It was derived from experimental gear power loss tests of …” „… shall not be used for the calculation of other types of damage or power loss calculations. The same …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… motors. These offer the potential of higher power densities as the engine volume and mass can be reduced …” „… while maintaining the same output power. However, as the operating speeds of battery electric vehicles …” „… test specimen Parameter Unit Pinion WheelNumber of teeth z1/z2- 33 35 Center distance a mm 140.00 …”

S.-J. Tsai, Q.-Y. Zhuang, L.-C. Chang Design and analysis of compound stepped planetary gear drives for better transmission performances S. 537-552

„… arrangement, high speed ratio and high power-density, planetary gear drives are widely used in various …” „… study cases Items Unit Sun S Planet PS Planet PR Ring R Normal module mn mm 2 2 2.5 2.5 Pressure angle P …” „… Pinnekamp, B., Heider, M., and Beinstingel, A, “Dynamic Behavior of Planetary Gears.” Power Transmission …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… Fracture toughness KICSign Value UnitHVsurface 750 HVHVcore 400 HVEht 0.8 mmarea 30 µmRz 0.4 µmR -1 -C …” „… HVsurface5001,00E+05 1,00E+07 1,00E+09root/ MPa800 HV750 HV650 HV105 107 109Sign Value UnitHVsurface 750 …” „… aviation, aerospace transmissions require a very high power density. On the one hand, this is achieved by …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… flexibility. However, due to the significant increase in the required computing time and computing power …” „… .. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 937Table 2: Basic macro geometry data of the gears Description Symbol GV SV Unit …”

S. Landler, M. Trübswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Parameter Based Definition of Eccentric Cycloid Gearings S. 1207-1228

„… calculations. Parameter Symbol Numerical value Unit Number of teeth of arc gear z1 3 - Number of teeth of …” „… planetary gear stage for electric heavy-duty trucks in multi-body simulation. Power Transmission Engineering …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… of a closed power circuit. On the hypoid test rig, the power circuit consists of two hypoid gears …” „… and the slave gear set, connected by two parallel shafts, form the power circuit. A defined torque is …” „… mounted on the torsional shafts. The electric motor only injects the power losses induced by the …”

J. Sanchez-Espiga, A. Diez-Ibarbia, M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez-del-Rincon, F. Viadero, J. Calvo-Irisarri, A. Fernandez-Sison Statistical study of the mesh load factor of planetary gear transmissions affected by inherent manufacturing errors S. 139-156

„… comparison to other kinds of gear transmissions. These rely on their compactness, robustness, power density …” „… analysis of a wind turbine power drivetrain: Offshore considerations,” Appl. Acoust., vol. 77, pp. 204–211 …” „… . M. Al-Shaalan, Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems. 2019. [27] M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez del …”

A. Donmez, A. Kahraman Experimental Investigation of Influence of Indexing Errors on Gear Rattling S. 703-714

„… Kahraman,Gear and Power Transmission Research Laboratory The Ohio State University, Columbus, USAAbstract …” „… some t. Test gears were unity-ratio spur gears with 50iZ teeth, 3 mm module, and 20pressure angle, and …” „… experimental results of several unity-ratio gear pairs under different loading and error conditions. A first …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… . IntroductionMetallic gears are widely used in power transmissions due to their high strength and reliability. They …” „… unitary and placed at the HPSTC. Table1: Tooth profile coefficients according to ISO 53:1998 Profil A …” „… conducted using unitary load values (F=1N) and tooth thickness equal to b=5mm. The representative model …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… identical for all inverter power classes. Therefore, the vehicle control unit can be combined with …” „… it also provides power to several other auxiliary units like air compressor, alternator, air …” „… condition, etc. In a BEV those units must be electrified. It is favourable to connect the great power …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… unit, the inverter costs scale with the continuous power. Compared to EMs, the peak to continuous power …” „… continuous power. In combination with a disconnect unit, optimal solutions have slightly higher front axle …” „… 30 and 60 %. Without a disconnect unit, lower rear axle power shares are optimal. Like the PMSM …”

Z. Caba, M. Zafer, C. Harman, G. Hellenbroich, Ö. Eyigöz Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles S. 609-620

„… Otosan and FEV are developing an electric axle for heavy duty commercial vehicles. The unit is intended …” „… electric oil pump. The first prototype unit has been assembled, with the next steps being the start up …” „… unit will be integrated into the target vehicle and used to demonstrate the H2020 project targets …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… distributed powertrain can be realized by installing additional power units in the towed vehicles like …” „… the Smart Power Dolly while keeping the vehicle characteristics of the remaining vehicle units …” „… installing a downsized combustion engine, which is supported by electric drives in the trailer units, if …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… . Electric powered axle, necessary power electronics, battery as well as control unit provide a complete …” „… control unit (VCU), power electronics (PE) and electrical machine (EM) identical cables are used as in …” „… Electrical MachineEM PE Power Electronics Torque / Load VCU Vehicle Control Unit Driving Direction TWheel_L 8 …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… two oil pumps, as their power demand is too high to route through a control unit. The overall E/E …” „… highly-integrated, compact e-axle, which also features a high power density and can be integrated into todays …” „… ]. The AVL e-axle solution offers 400 kW of continuous power and 540 kW peak power, which will be …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… high voltage applications, the power of the drive units and also the number of totally available …” „… increasing shifting comfort VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 207 under high power demands. Therefore, the …” „… dual clutch transmission (DCT) or automatic transmission (AT) combined with a high power ICE. At the …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… lightweight, cost efficient design, recuperation power and the efficiency improvement of the system. The …” „… power requirement of a truck-trailer combination with a total weight of 40 tons is approximately 140 …” „… a constant braking power of 300 kW, ignoring roll and wind resistance. An accumulator with 20 kWh …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… to generate the powertrain properties for the battery, power electronics, the electric machine and …” „… power, feature a high grade ability and are able to pull a trailer. For the following powertrain …” „… generated characteristic maps with a variation of power, torque, speed and air gap diameters for different …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… small diameter results in a light and power dense unit that meets the target constant power speed ratio …” „… hybrid axle concept is realized that combines a power dense electric motor with a mechanical on-demand …” „… design and manufacturing to full transmission system assembly and electronic control unit development …”

J. Nowack, G. Hellenbroich, A. Ghosh, V. Shapovalov, R. Fleuren Park by Wire System for current Electric Drive Units S. 291-302

„… Park by Wire System for current Electric Drive Units Dr.-Ing. Jan Nowack, Dr.-Ing. Gereon …” „… systems are safety critical units. Due to intellectual property rights and different transmission …” „… presented. This will be done in accordance to current multi speed power-shift EDU concepts, including FMEA …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… on-board power supplies. Different dog clutches combined with these actuators and their interaction can …” „… bench components and sensors, as well as the control of the unit under test. In addition, the test …” „… power, multiple-motor and multiple-speed electrified powertrains can increase the launch torque and …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… energy management. Typical constant power values are assumed for the vehicle auxiliary units. Two …” „… compressor, air conditioning) and the control units incl. energy management, see Fig. 1. Fig. 1 …” „… ]. The power VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021686 of the e-axle of 400 kW continuous and 540 kW peak is …”

A. Nees Flexible Electro-hydraulic Actuation System for Multi-speed Electrified Drivetrains – Requirements and Concept S. 275-290

„… multi-speed electric drive units (EDU) present a new set of requirements, especially for the actuation …” „… requirements of multi-speed electrified drivetrain units (EDU) with regard to the actuation system and the …” „… While a high torque level can be achieved, the speed range is limited due to motor and power …”

L. de Ruijsscher TREMEC Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission (HDCT) – Electrification of TREMEC’s high performance dual clutch transmission S. 159-178

„… manufacturing to full transmission system assembly and electronic control unit development including SW …” „… a TREMEC in-house developed Transmission Control Unit (TCU) and software. Oil pressure to control …” „… higher efficiencies are achieved in a P3 configuration (ref. measurements on P2.5-P3 demonstrator unit …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… of an e-drive; a) power electronics unit, b) electric machine, c) gearbox, d) parking lock …” „… axle drive (e-drive) that consists of the main components “power electronics unit”, “electric machine …” „… formulated as optimization parameters and the power electronics unit is considered via optimization …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… and efficient Table 1: Key Parameters of AVL 2speed EDU Item Unit Value Power [kW] up to 250 …” „… e-motor as an example. By using a smart and sophisticated power flow architecture, we can guarantee a …” „… comfortable power shift with low-loss gear shifting with manageable control effort. With this innovative …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles …” „… precisely than internal combustion engines. And the peak power of e-motors, being instantly available …” „… 4 setup with mere 2x25 kW added power improves longitudinal and to some extent lateral dynamics …”

N. Mueller Electrification of heavy commercial vehicles from the perspective of a bodybuilder S. 555-560

„… 's engine must be running. A truck diesel engine with power take-off needs about 4-6 liters per hour when …” „… previous mechanical power take-off: standardization and performance specification A PTO (power take-off …” „… ) or the so-called mechanical power take-off is a switchable mechanical drive source. It is usually …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… , power electronics (Si, SiC), transmissions (single speed, multi-speed) and other major subsystems …” „… (eMotors, thermal systems, power electronics, battery systems, control systems, engine components …” „… controls used in the simulation environment can also be transferred directly to electronic control units …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… E-Drive-Unit offers sufficient drive torque in situations for up to 125 km/h. Due to the maximum power of the …” „… this investigation, IAV developed a 2-E-Motor 3-speed E-Drive Unit (EDU) as a concept that can be …” „… - ICE). This reverses if electric energy is used to power the BEV trucks, which is not completely …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… power up to 40kW with an advantage of possible fuel consumption reduction up to 4.5% (MAHLE Motorway …” „… including a 48V electric motor and a 48volt battery pack. This pack ensures charging and discharging power …” „… terms of service life, power output, range of application, availability, and cycle durability in …”

K. Hirano E-Axle with multi driving modes for BEV & Mild HEV P4 – The 3 in 1 e-Axle for EV requiring a wide range of driving force S. 229-240

„… Motor - Multi Driving Mode” e-Axle is a “Two motor - Two speed” eAxle developed to achieve low power …” „… with low power consumption is needed. The P0P4 system is also expected to improve the environmental …” „… possible. In other words, a package design with lower power consumption, higher driving performance, and …”

W. Sackl Sustainable Powertrain Solutions – the new role of the powertrain at Magna S. 1-10

„… numerous control units to a centralized system. This goes along with a new system architecture: First …” „… number of decentralized control units. Increasingly, only sensors and actuators remain, which are being …” „… electrification and allow for a wide range of scalable power and functionality. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 7 …”

M. Hein, J. Pellkofer, K. Michaelis, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, D. Kadach Test method A/16,6/90 with injection lubrication for discriminating different lubricants for dual-clutch transmissions S. 437-452

„… arrangement, the electrical drive unit solely compensates the power losses induced by the components of the …” „… . Introduction and objective Due to increasing power density in gears as well as the trend of decreasing oil …” „… quantity and viscosity to reduce no-load power losses, the scuffing load-carrying capacity has to be …”

K. Seno Prediction for the service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured operational conditions S. 561-566

„… , mechanical components, power-train units and vehicle models are run with the measured operational conditions …” „… Prediction for the service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured …” „… development of drive-train units in commercial vehicles, it is of significant importance to accurately …”

A. R. Lowis, R. Smith hofer H8-DCT-850 – High Performance Dual Clutch Transmission for transaxle application S. 179-190

„… power the transmission also features an e-differential for enhanced driving dynamics alongside high …” „… levels of system integration to deliver a compact product with outstanding torque and power capability …” „… of the prime mover’s power to the wheels. The result is a broadly linear relationship between a …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… production are shown in Fig. 2. X axis is vehicle weight, Y axis is total EM power. The VKM power is …” „… classified by color and circle size, the larger the circle, the higher the VKM power. Interesting would be …” „… ) so that the electric motor always has the electrical power available to provide continuous power …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… stages, friction control units or centrifugal pendulum absorbers, each in their different design …” „… not contain any separating elements in the form of a friction clutch (e.g. power splitters) or if dog …” „… torque which is introduced from the side plates via the 1st cam mechanism into the unit consisting of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… List GmbH, Graz, Austria; A. Pujari, BMW Group, München Content f E-axles and Electrified AWD Power …” „… Drive Units � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 291 J …” „… service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured operational conditions …”

M. Giannantonio, S. Henzler, S. Rinderknecht Advanced Design of Dedicated Hybrid Drivetrains S. 77-100

„… hybrid drivetrains with multiple power sources. This approach features a holistic and modular method for …” „… units as well. The main benefit for design teams is the automation of the previously time-consuming …” „… steps and the capability to investigate multiple concepts in parallel using computing power. The time …”

A. Fröhlcke, M. Felbermaier, A. Britten, P. Fietkau Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives S. 47-60

„… acceleration levels of different drive units at the same design level. The levels increase in a trajectory …” „… bearing clearance, gear teeth and housing components that are part of the power flow are reproduced …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl, J. Sandor, M. Hein Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils S. 453-468

„… test rig, which works according to the principle of a closed power circuit (see Fig. 2). Two hypoid …” „… electric motor only injects the power losses induced by the components of the the hypoid-back-to-back test …” „… units. Fig. 2: Setup of a Hypoid-back-to-back test rig Within the experimental investigations one …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2021

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Commercial Vehicles 2021

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Volume 2380 2021

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D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… identical for all inverter power classes. Therefore, the vehicle control unit can be combined with …” „… provides power to several other auxiliary units like air compressor, alternator, air condition, etc. In a …” „… BEV those units must be electrified. It is favourable to connect the great power consuming units …”

J. Pell, I. Müller, W. Gruber, A. Schilk E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges and solutions for energy- and cost-efficient operation S. 117-134

„… electric drivetrain, DC/DC converters, power distribution units (PDU), the HV and LV cabling system …” „… the various consumers one or multiple power distribution units (PDU) are required. Splitting the …” „… . steering pump, control units,…) are located in the LV circuit. To provide a certain continuous brake power …”

L. Heber, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system S. 17-32

„… the amortisation period is between 0.7–2.5 years with output powers in the range of 1950–3150 W. In …” „… addition, the power density of the systems was determined to be 241 W/dm3 in diesel and 568 W/dm3 in …” „… engines offer a promising alternative drive solution to the dominant diesel units for HDV in long-haul …”

H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… optional), a single control unit connecting all sub-systems and a FC appropriated thermal management …” „… “drive AC compressor” and one single ECU (Engine Control Unit). All of these functionalities are …” „… . Furthermore, all of these sub-systems are using single interfaces and carry own control units with …”

C. Biedinger, T. Halfmann, M. Speckert, C. G. Berges, P. Cuny Consumption-optimized planning of transport missions using virtual drives S. 149-166

„… ? denotes the engine efficiency (average ratio of energy in terms of fuel per unit time and power at the …” „… limited power and the driver’s desired acceleration have not been taken into account. Based on the …” „… and braking power ? and ? , , the average power required by auxiliary consumers ? , as well as …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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Volume 2300 2017

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R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… 60034-30-1:2014 Power processing unit (PPU) The most common configuration of the PPU of an ESHP (without …” „… IGBTs as six-pack) whose gates only have to be connected to a low-power driver unit. This unit …” „… comparative MHPSP is deleted by mechanical brakes. The typical power demand of a single driver unit is …”

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… , demands of power units and auxiliary consumers, environmental conditions and the drag force of the …” „… purposefully, it is beneficial to analyse the power flow and thereby to identify significant sources of losses …” „… identifying critical power sinks, counter-measures can be developed and implemented into the simulation model …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… works well if the unit-under-test does not significantly influence the amplitude and shape of the …” „… ) Waldemar Stark, M.Sc. Claudia Pieke, John Deere GmbH & Co KG, Mannheim Abstract The DLG Power …” „… Mix test was conducted on a real test track and public roads. Currently the DLG PowerMix test is running …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… Rahmfeld, Dipl.-Ing. Jens Bagusch, Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH & Co. OHG, Neumünster; M.Sc. Andreas …” „… Walterscheid, Danfoss Power Solutions and Wacker Neuson recognized this market demand and have developed a high …” „… hydrostatic propel drive is be able to transfer a power of 130 kW and be suitable for vehicles with corner …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… powertrains, each of them having significant power flows. This is the definition according to [1] (Fig.1 …” „… mechanical equivalent and an increased unsprung mass, especially when the possible estimated power for each …” „… wheel is near to the system power of the vehicle due to the high mass of the required motors. In …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… Electric traction drive on a plough More power for the driveline Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Rainer …” „… considered: Tractor: weight, right ballasting, wheel width, engine power, lifting force capability Plough …” „… increasing efficiency up to 33% Capability to utilize Engine-Power-Boost for traction already at typical …”

W. Breu, B. Pichlmaier Electrified Utility Tractor S. 9-14

„… temperatures. The power distribution unit (PDU), which interlinks the high voltage components, is fixed next to …” „… Abstract Although the diesel engine will most probably remain the dominating power source for large …” „… agriculture: Many farmers - especially in Germany - have installed large scale solar power and biogas plants …”

F. Peters, H. Korte, R. Bölling Modelling method for analyzing grain harvesting concepts S. 219-226

„… livestock production, are business units in an agricultural company. Due to the modular structure, this …” „… , separating and cleaning unit operate. Meanwhile the unloading auger does not work and the ground drive moves …” „… separation of the processing components and the power requirements. Each individual component has a …”

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… based on the measurements of individual events. 1 Introduction The DLG PowerMix is a widely …” „… different manufacturers with 75-110 kW nominal power have been used in the evaluation. 2 Methodology 2.1 …” „… [6]. The resulting values (in time units) are also converted to a rating (0 to 10 points), whereas …”

M. Marsel, T. Bögel, T. Herlitzius, B. Neunkirchen, H. Eidam, T. Sander Development of a tillage-machine for seed-bed cultivation of heavy soils S. 567-574

„… propulsion and do well quality seed-bed cultivation in one transition. This machine unites the process of …” „… fine-crushing, but is expected to have the highest power consumption of the three variants. The crushing is …” „… based on cutting, beating and impacting effects. The high power consumption is due to the side effect …”

C. Körtgen, G. Morandi, G. Jacobs, A. Kramer Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units S. 291-296

„… Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units …” „… a calibration of a transmission control unit is presented. This has been reached by transferring the …” „… , which is widely achieved by modern power split transmissions. Optimizing the vehicle speed requires the …”

T. H. Langer Model-in-the-Loop Tuning of Hitch Control Systems of Agricultural Tractors S. 191-198

„… . Langer, Danfoss Power Solutions, Nordborg, Denmark Abstract The farming industry worldwide is facing …” „… transform the highest possible amount of the engine power into a pulling force on the implements, i.e. the …” „… forces depend on the soil condition characterized by five parameters 1) bulk unit weight, 2) cohesion, 3 …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… to increased usage and unit costs, energy has become a major cost of food production. Thereby energy …” „… company MWM. Tractors called Alcool Valmet (Fig. 1, RHS) were sold 1700 units during 1983-1986, until the …” „… ] In 2015, there were 92 new biogas upgrading units commissioned which continues the steady growth of …”

K. Lüpping New Techniques for Mobile Pelletisation S. 375-382

„… have been collected from the field. After delivering it to a stationary pelletising unit the bales are …” „… commonplace. Power stations have been adapted to this kind of use. Besides coal and oil, the power station in …” „… better Fig. 3: Advantages of pellets [5] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 377 absorption power than …”

T. Herlitzius, R. Hübner, A. Günther, C. Korn, S. Kirstein, S. Müller, J. Miunske Sensor study to identify process characteristics of crop and air flow in a combine harvester S. 583-590

„… housing, which is common for all sensors. The sensor interface only consists of power supply and …” „… CAN-interface. Circuit boards occupy 270 mm2 (30x90) and include power supply, photodiode array, LED with Lens …” „… of the boards is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: Circuit boards (top: light receiving unit; bottom: light …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVII

„… R. Bumberger, Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the 23 W. Klinger, driveline D …” „… OnBoard Networks – The AEF Power Interface 93 is ready to become an ISO standard Combine Harvesters H …” „… automatic calibration of tractor 291 G. Morandi, transmission control units G. Jacobs, A. Kramer K …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… unit grain equivalent‘‘ results for evaluation. The model farms are defined from the identified …” „… , mechanical and electrical) and tractive power at the implement. Thus, it is possible to replace the …” „… assessment of the power distribution between the components is carried out supported by literature research …”

G. Happich, H. J. Nissen ISOBUS Automation – On the Road to TIM – How to secure liability for open TIM systems S. 469-476

„… and hitches. While attachments and implements bring process specific knowledge utilizing the power …” „… of the tractors. A natural next step is of course to have the implements control the power outlets …” „… components’ electronic control unit (ECU). The digital certificate ensures that the TIM counterpart of each …”

L. Meyer, P. Noyer Holistic Tractor Setup and Optimization System – CLAAS Electronic Machine Optimization for the Tractor S. 185-190

„… power, to boost productivity, in the production VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 185 process. Besides the …” „… increase of machine dimensions and installed power the last two decades have brought the introduction of …” „… electronic control units and process knowledge, with a control strategy on an implement, to give the right …”

K. Wild, T. Schmiedel, D. Geißler, J. Rottmeier A hand-held measuring device for identifying the sharpness of knives in agricultural machinery S. 497-504

„… the sharpness of the employed knives. In a forage chopper, dull knives lead to a power requirement …” „… the measuring unit with the wire which rests on a load cell. In addition, there is a second measuring …” „… unit at the front end of the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017500 sensing head (Fig. 4b). This is used for …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… compatible for rapeseed oil and diesel fuel operation while the engine control unit (ECU) settings remain …” „… in the results of the specific NOX emissions related to the power at the PTO shaft in Fig. 5. Fig …” „… less dynamic and demand more engine power than the legal transient test cycle (NRTC). A significant …”

B. Broholm, A. Morrison Combine Harvester Concave Adjustment System – Independent adjustment of the concave inlet and outlet clearance S. 111-116

„… crop Higher grain quality Higher straw quality Lower power consumption Less complicated …” „… the similar data for a transverse hybrid threshing unit. The charts show significant development …”

J. Schwehn, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Development of energy requirements of tractors and implements S. 237-244

„… challenges in the 21st century. To reach sophisticated climate directives stated by legislative power, the …” „… usage of available conventional resources. In 2008, the legislative power of the European Union …” „… procedure consists of a power take-off test and three different tests, which are necessary for approval …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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