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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive S. I-79-I-94

„… modularity allows the all-wheel drive capability of the transmission. The power take off unit (PTU) acts as …” „… reached by the modular integration of a power take-off unit (PTU) in the transmission. The PTU is not …” „… rear axle if the friction coefficient suddenly changes. [6] Fig. 9: Power take-off unit and rear …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… combination with e.g. a parking lock or gearshift unit. A wide range of applications require a power module …” „… system Application of power semiconductors in e-engines, converters and onboard charging units What’s the …” „… system costs can only be achieved through the interaction of the electric machine, power electronics …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles S. III-29-III-48

„… particular with dynamic load profiles as they are usual for city bus applications, via power-split and pure …” „… combustion engine is achieved via a mechanical power flow and parallel hybrid function. The operating mode …” „… adaptable to different maximum vehicle velocity and gradeability requirements. Also, a PTO unit is required …”

P. Janssen, R. Keizer, T. Rosen Optimization of multi-motor electric drive systems – What is the optimum combination in terms of efficiency and cost? S. I-255-I-264

„… was conducted under an assumed high-volume production scenario of around 250.000 units/year for each …” „… Konfigurationen für die EDU (Electric Drive Unit) verwendet. Häufig wird ein Permanent Erregter Synchron Motor …” „… Today´s electric vehicles are equipped with various types of electric drive units (EDU). Today the most …”

O. Simon, W. Heubner Triple wet clutch module and actuation system, shift cylinders and park lock for modern hybrid transmissions – Architecture and technical description of a triple wet clutch unit and the related active... S. I-471-I-482

„… Transmissions Architecture and technical description of a triple wet clutch unit and the related active and …” „… central power packs, which are generated by their constant high pressure level and leakages in the spool …” „… valves. The hydraulically actuation of the clutches and shifters brings a high power density and …”

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density S. II-55-II-66

„… power. Even then, these motors were units that had been developed within the company. While the gear …” „… New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density Bruno Müller, Carsten Angrick …” „… e-motor, power electronics, sensors to software application-specific, high power density solutions with a …”

C. Schmahl, M. Höck, D. Ressin, M. Kesseler GKN’s ActiveConnect AWD system as an energy-efficient solution for electrified vehicles S. I-555-I-566

„… power to be provided VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 555 by a single drive unit. In combination with the …” „… of disconnecting the Power Take-off Unit (PTU) and the Rear Drive Unit (RDU) from the front and rear …” „… . However, the decentralised generation of drive power by such a "dual motor concept" has a negative effect …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… Electrical power unit losses 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 1 2 3 A ve ra ge e ffi ci en cy [% ] Overall …” „… conventional, hybrid and allelectric power trains. Development goals, such as high starting performance and …” „… few assemblies as possible with a modular system consisting of e-machine, transmission and power …”

S. Kurokawa, M. Kunihisa, Y. Oyama Development of a new next-generation CVT for small cars S. I-385-I-396

„… CVT designed specifically for mini-vehicles provides fuel economy and power performance matching the …” „… new unit. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019388 Table 1: Specifications …” „… gear ratios as close to 1.000 as possible so as to ensure fuel economy and power performance as …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… transmissions and AMTs. New, complex subsystems such as the dual clutch unit can be purchased from Tier-1s, at …” „… corresponding follow-up costs on control unit level Design-protection for a future modular, low cost 48 V …” „… depending on available power level and battery capacity) as well as combustion engine restart from either …”

A. Alkan Human/machine readable language representation method in HEV drivetrain testing S. II-125-II-140

„… electric vehicles as well as the associated power electronics. Motor, power electronics and a reducer have …” „… : High Voltage Drivetrain [1] Power Electronics: includes an inverter and a DC/DC converter. The …” „… required by the electric motor. During recuperation, the power electronics converts the alternating …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB) S. I-515-I-530

„… , the busbars for the machine’s AC contacts and the liquid cooling unit. Fig. 4: Power inverter (PI …” „… with a flat high-voltage battery built into the floor, the electric drive with power inverter and …” „… thus relatively easy to integrate into the various power outputs of the ID. models. Depending upon …”

R. Nasdal, K. Masser Diverse requirements, one product family – The HV Kit for LCV from MAGNA S. III-55-III-60

„… solutions for every demand: Pure EV eDrive units with 90kW up to 280kW of power each. The combination of …” „… electrification. This leads to diverse requirements concerning how much electric power needs to be installed and …” „… rear axle eDrive unit to be combined with the untouched ICE powertrain in the front of the vehicle …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… drive variants as well, the existing power takeoff units from the Volkswagen modular assembly matrix …” „… system. Fig. 12: Packaging space for expansions The power takeoff unit packaging space is available …” „… displacement. This downsizing results in power deficits, which in turn are compensated for by using …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV S. I-295-I-312

„… 48V HEV play an important role. Current 48V hybrids provide a peak electrical power of approximate …” „… 20 kW. It is expected that in the next years the 48V system can offer a peak electrical power up to …” „… investigated in two driving cycles - WLTC and RDE cycle. They are compared to a high-voltage power split DHT …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods S. I-329-I-348

„… is done in the 3D MBS software AVL EXCITE Power Unit used here. The complete model of the Audi S …” „… acoustically relevant operating states to be covered. Fig. 6: Audi S tronic model in AVL EXCITE Power Unit …” „… properties, as well as a directly assigned comprehensively equipped workshop and test rig unit. Thus work …”

M. Kruse, H. Decker, Sebastian Eulert Optimisation of electric motor acoustics of a hybrid dual clutch gearbox using virtual methods S. II-111-II-124

„… housing of the hybrid module and also by means of microphone measurements near the power unit of the …” „… the power density as well as the efficiency of the electric motor, high priority has been placed on …” „… structure-borne and airborne noise of the drive unit on an acoustic test bed. Another method from the model for …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution S. III-19-III-28

„… of electric trucks worldwide to around 4 million units per year by 2030, i.e. ~25% of total truck …” „… the market power range as a function of the weight class (Fig. 6), we can see that an average 8 tons …” „… truck has a permanent power of around 120 kW. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201922 Fig. 6: Permanent …”

A. Gehring, M. Beringer, M. Özdemir Overview of stator technologies motors for electro mobility in passcars – The right technology for each application S. II-67-II-76

„… development of electric motor technologies, amongst others higher efficiency, increased power density and …” „… / Acoustics - Power density - Efficiency - Packaging - Reliability - Safety has accelerated the …” „… car market, so there is still a wide variety of topologies and power demands. In the field of …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b... S. I-21-I-48

„… powertrain architecture for BEVs is a combination of one high-power electric motor (EM) with a fixedspeed …” „… to choose the gear ratio as high as possible, because then the torque and accordingly the power …” „… fixedspeed transmission is countered by increasing the power of the EM. With a powerful EM the design …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… specific implementations which still bear a minimum of necessary power demand after optimization. The most …” „… the power flow changes from one to the other part of transmission. In both Hybrid or conventional …” „… mechanical power into hydraulic one. Conventional vehicles and also different EV drive trains with …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives S. I-163-I-178

„… , ever more powerful calculation programs and greater computing power are increasingly available. The …” „… drives combine the e-motor, inverter and gearbox in a single unit. Consequently, numerous disciplines are …” „… and the performance and torque of the drive units were already provided by the overall vehicle …”

Y. Le Neindre Great Wall Motors’ 2nd generation of Pi4 platform – A high performance PHEV for premium SUV in China S. II-99-II-110

„… • 2.0L Gasoline Engine, which can develop a maximum power 160 kW and a maximum torque of 350 N.m …” „… can perform engine start with a peak torque of 50 N.m and ensure boost & power derivation with a peak …” „… power of 15 kW. The rear axle is composed of: • Rear E-Motor that is designed to fulfill Pure …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… and continuous power at high velocities are also required to improve electric vehicles (EVs …” „… range (in %) is twice as much as the improved efficiency of the drive unit (in %), assuming the same …” „… Enhancement The e-motor is characterized by power and torque. The transmission reduces the rotational speed …”

L. Herdle 7DCT/HDT400 – New fuel-efficient FWD DCT and hybrid transmission for up to 400 Nm S. I-95-I-102

„… approx. 1.2 million units will be produced at 4 plants globally. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 95 The …” „… targets were a further improved efficiency, increase power density at the same package space …” „… power density. The 7HDT400 with only 16 kg of additional weight is only slightly above conventional …”

M. Stulrajter, M. Pacha Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors S. II-29-II-44

„… , negligible excitation (reactive) power leads to unity power factor operation and makes PM machines very …” „… factor between high-power density and given weight-volume. In other words, high-speed motors are …” „… low excitation losses. Thanks to rapid progress in power and microelectronics and advanced motor …”

M. Bahne, A. Wiesebrock Flexible oil management for dual-clutch transmissions S. I-447-I-454

„… converter that does not have to handle frictional power. However, thanks to the flexible oil management and …” „… transmission input power varies significantly under different boundary conditions like city or constant driving …” „… , raising slopes, sporty driving, etc. The average transmission input power was just 12.5 kW (including …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-XII

„… of how to increase power density Innovative 4-wheel-drive systems New ways to achieve NVH reduction …” „… , Weissach f Increasing Power Density Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of …” „… University of Munich Solutions for increased power density at shifting clutches …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior S. I-455-I-470

„… run in life cycle tests and the influences of sliding velocity, friction work and frictional power …” „… . Components of synchro unit break (e.g. blocker ring). Chamfer angle of blocking ring changes due to wear …” „… , friction work and power compared to other friction linings. Due to the low thermal conductivity of carbon …”

V. Schroiff A modular Concept for EMI shielding of thermoplastic housings for E-Cars – An innovative approach to support weight saving and function integration S. II-161-III-VIII

„… . Fig. 1: Shielding of electromagnetic waves by reflection and absorption The SE value in the unit …” „… attenuation in the unit [db] can be calculated [4]. As already mentioned, the CISPR 25 describes the …” „… frequency range in which many units of the electric drive train work and emit electromagnetic radiation or …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Potentials for improving the system behaviour of highspeed clutches for BEV using optimal transmission springs S. I-265-I-278

„… power density, control and comfort in future powertrains and to take account of the new challenges in …” „… electric machine can be reduced. Through using of more powerful electric machines and power electronics in …” „… Nr. 2354, 2019266 power density. In addition, the operation of the electric machine in optimum …”

M. Horn, F. Kutter, B. Vahlensieck Advanced development of dedicated hybrid concepts – Systematic search for optimal powertrain concepts S. I-1-I-20

„… power shift are explained in detail. Finally the authors show the methods of systematically searching …” „… only implied for long distance VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 20192 travel with high power. For this time …” „… transmission gear set functions must be transferred to the electric drive unit (e-drive) of the powertrain …”

R. Dold New powertrain concepts for heavy duty commercial vehicles S. III-9-III-18

„… applications PHEV type cells acceptable compromise due to high power and relatively high cycle life …” „… important for heavy duty trucks. An external charging unit offers several advantages: it is saving vehicle …” „… system with large-scale renewables integration and power generation as well as distribution of energy …”

C. Leonhardt, M. Otto, K. Stahl Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears S. I-179-I-196

„… . Gears are an important part of the drivetrain and transmit the power of the engine by converting the …” „… test gears geometry value Symbol Value Unit normal module mn 2.0 mm angle of pressure αn 20 …” „… documentation of the load torque. This concept enables high power circulating in the loop between the two …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat... S. I-213-I-226

„… kept low, and the limited computing power and storage capacity of standard Electronic Control Units …” „… standard control units of series production cars. For such applications, the amount of generated data is …” „… evaluation units for deep analysis (see Fig. 3). Regarding data security and privacy, no person-related …”

S. Stöhr, R. Koesling, V. Marx New all-wheel drive systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs S. I-483-I-500

„… modules ensure a high specific power output, low specific consumption and emissions, through both …” „… unit, even in the currentless state. This means that the parking lock acts not only on the rear axle …” „… left-hand side of each illustration, while the combination of control unit, electric motor, worm shaft …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission S. III-61-III-74

„… Allison’s 2000 series 6-speed product, providing a cost effective power shift 9-Speed transmission that can …” „… market. The transmission continues Allison’s highly successful approach of providing full power shifting …” „… in combination with torque converter launch to deliver Allison’s Continuous Power Technology …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

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F. Kraatz Farming 4.0 ready telematics unit for basic, non-intelligent agricultural machines S. 413-418

„… electronic components are the primary scope for telematics units, because a non limited power supply is …” „… Farming 4.0 ready telematics unit for basic, non-intelligent agricultural machines Franz Kraatz …” „… agricultural machines, a telematics unit designed for this type of machines is presented in this paper. In …”

F. de Moraes Boos, S. Pfaffmann, V. Kegel GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System S. 17-22

„… automation and a cable drum, the GridCON Tractor [1] is continuously connected to the power supply …” „… infrastructure and, therefore, capable of theoretical uninterrupted operation. The Swarm Unit [2], as part of …” „… connection to an external power supply and enables a novel machine form that fully integrates a traction …”

A. Klein, M. Kissel, P. Pickel, F. de Moraes Boos, V. Kegel GridCON2 – Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric Agricultural Swarms S. 11-16

„… ] Pfaffmann et al. (2019) “Swarm Unit - Development of a Fully Agricultural Machine with External Power …” „… GridCON2 Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric Agricultural …” „… second is research into different approaches for developing a power distribution vehicle [9]. The topic …”

C. Schoerghuber, M. Ortner, M. Resel, R. Schantl, S. Puster Analysis of the tractor behavior on a powertrain test bed for tractor-specific maneuvers S. 521-528

„… with an 170 horse power engine and a CVT transmission is considered as unit under test (UUT). The …” „… same maneuvers performed on a test track. Model-based powertrain test bed setup and unit under test …” „… the tractor hydraulics is connected to a hydraulic load unit. A vehicle model is used to calculate …”

S. Prufling, B. Langer Latest technology solutions for Charging and e-Machines – how off-road and agriculture applications can benefit from automotive innovations S. 365-380

„… in Fig. 2 and for these applications different design and optimization challenges exist. Power units …” „… needs of agriculture applications today. High torque and power output machines within small space are …” „… machine allows high power as well as high specific torque of 7 Nm/kg (cont. operation). It is implemented …”

M. Kissel, N. Tarasinski, A. Klein, V. Kegel, F. de Moraes Boos Fully electric Tractor with 1000 kWh battery capacity S. 23-28

„… project Feldschwarm, automated high-power swarm units were developed which are supplied with electric …” „… Unit– Development of a Fully Electric Agricultural Machine with External Power Supply”. VDI-Berichte …” „… supply vehicle what enables it to off-board power to other all-electric machines in the field. The …”

M. Varani, G. Molari, M. Mattetti, S. Fiorati, N. Lenzini, M. Montanari Tractor equipped with an external electric generator combined with electric powered Sprayer and Mulcher performances evaluation S. 381-388

„… consumption reduction. However, commercially available tractor do not generate sufficient electric power to …” „… speed and power, travelling speed, fuel consumption, power generated by the e-Source and power absorbed …” „… Introduction Tractors Power Take Off (PTO) is a component that can lead to operational inefficiencies since …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Gores, S. Terorde, L. Frerichs Applicability Evaluations of Methane based Powertrain and Energy Storage Systems on High Performance Harvesting Machine Applications S. 423-430

„… diesel-storage-units. The higher volumetric integration efforts are engraved facing the additional weights from the …” „… storage units. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 423 Furthermore, the rural “off-grid” refueling-infrastructure …” „… methane-based storage units Engine availability Looking at the current market for industrial methane/natural …”

A. Schroder, P. Pickel, P. Emberger, J. Spiegel, E. Remmele The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible Fuel Option to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 441-446

„… based internal sensors is a solution that should be further investigated. Validation of power and …” „… . 2395, 2022444 of Kaiserslautern. The adjustments were then transferred to the engine control unit …” „… measurement for biodiesel which produced slightly less power and the measurement for a blend of 75% diesel …”

S. Geisler, T. Herlitzius Combi-mulcher – Development of a modular biomass processing and soil blending system S. 317-326

„… of the technology) and TH Köln (stubble-raising unit [6]). Main objectives of the project are …” „… by - high-speed video documentation (up to 5000 FPS), power measurement of the mulching rotor and …” „… tool velocity). The power requirement of the two-cut rotor is 7% higher compared to the standard rotor …”

A. Hecker, B. Striller, N. Franchi Private mobile ad hoc communications and the application in LANDNETZ S. 251-258

„… data sources and processing units for a variety of agricultural applications [1]–[4]. Currently …” „… transmission powers are configured according to the targeted network coverage. Network dimensioning (e.g., the …” „… mast with variable antenna alignment, and a power generator. The design is robust and energyautonomous …”

N. Strieker, T. Kohmascher Increased Dynamics and System Efficiency with Position-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder S. 125-132

„… power and information becomes possible. The cylinder position is fed back to the control spool via a …” „… smaller diameter hydraulic cylinder. Volumetric flow and thereby hydraulic power consumption at a given …” „… stroke and frequency is reduced by the application of a smaller cylinder. The power supply via the …”

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… Power Drives and Systems (ifas), Aachen Abstract To avoid the emissions and to use renewable …” „… the call for environmentally friendly power sources in order to reduce harmful carbon emissions …” „… rarely found due to the financial and technological limits in electric power supply on the machine. The …”

A. Lindenberger, M. Uhl, M. Frank Influence of design and operating parameters on crop-flow characteristics in a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) using experimental and numerical methods S. 457-464

„… crop-flow unit. Therefore material distribution and pulping quality are analyzed for a variety of different …” „… understanding, kernel-processor unit, DEM 1. Motivation and introduction Crop-flow processes in forage …” „… gives an overview of the process parameters of the main SPFH crop-flow units, where design and …”

L. Frerichs, L. Buck Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods S. 1-10

„… in sustainable agriculture, less soil tillage is likely to be used. The “Farm power supply” (F3 …” „… less smart swarms. F7 “Machine power supply” includes the known and principally possible options from …” „… human to IC engine power supply or via energy storage and converter or continuous supply up to …”

K. Singh Sian Frugal Innovation – “Doing more with less” S. 193-202

„… ). Meanwhile sold around 30.000 units per year only in India. JCB is adopting this thinking even now in their …” „… (first tractor based mobile crane with a capacity to 30 tons). Again around 25.000 – 30.000 units are …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022196 3.a: High end CLAAS product & CROP TIGER: • Power: Mercedes …”

M. Mosker Current Developments and Challenges in the Range of Tractor Mounted Forage Harvesters S. 465-472

„… available combinations of tractor and mounted forage harvester. Fig. 5: Engine Power 1993 Thanks to …” „… selfpropelled forage harvesters. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 467 Fig. 6: Engine Power 2022 Most of …” „… harvester. The lifting capacity of the three-point hitch unit is sufficient, large hydraulic outputs are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… University Braunschweig GridCON2 – Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric …” „… Aachen University, Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems (ifas), Aachen Hybrid and full-electric …” „… , Kaiserslautern; H. P. Piepho, Biostatistics unit, Institution of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim …”

S. Schwede, T. Herlitzius Identification of draft force characteristics for a tillage tine with variable geometry S. 37-44

„… plant growth. Among agricultural tasks, soil tillage also represents the task with the highest power …” „… tool with variable geometry to optimise power consumption and work result. Further develoment of tool …” „… tests. Table 1: Parameter set for the laboratory tests variable unit values Working depth WD cm …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… jet unit as a tractor implement The layout of this concept is shown in Fig. 2. The developed …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 107 plunger pump connected to the power take-off of the tractor with a pressure of …” „… map which is generated in advance is loaded onto the machines control unit. The ISOBUS function …”

M. Rothmund, J. Witte, N. Wolniak, T. Nothdurft AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Common Coverage Map as a first application for interoperable cooperative field work S. 397-404

„… cycle or transmitting power levels. Efficient data usage will enable us to provide required …” „… communication system to match the maximum transfer unit. For all involved systems, the same field boundary and …”

D. Smart, V. Brill AEF – High Speed ISOBUS – Technology Readiness for a Next Generation Network S. 551-558

„… allocation of cables and connectors across the system, the provision of power in these interfaces, the …” „… necessary data will be available for the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and that there is a single source …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… , faulty or noisy measurements from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and the presence of random …” „… power. The 4WS mechanism of the vehicle allowed minimum turning radius on the rowends, which is of great …”

M. Holovač, J. Krzywinski Aspects of sustainability improvement in the design of future agricultural systems S. 203-218

„… change is limited. Topics such as alternative power units, soil compaction, reduction of fertilisers or …” „… in agriculture. Status Quo According to the United Nations (2019) world population is projected …” „… economic profitability of companies (later transformed to of Prosperity by United Nations (2003)) The …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… concept 1. The externally located compressor is operated via the external power grid. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… a battery, which powers the cooling system. The battery is charged only by the main engine …” „… the resulting mass flow of the BOG and the power requirement of the cooling system and therefore …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

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J. Lotz, B. Bouche, R. Thiele Sensorless evaluation of the ideal timing for oil-change S. 1053-1064

„… power loss and the heat flow across housing surface in gear units for industrial applications are …” „… case, the oil temperature is varied until the difference between the gear unit power loss and the …” „… , the electric motor and the gearbox unit to merge into a decentralized mechatronic drive unit. The …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… technologies like milling, drilling, turning and grinding are possible by special spindle units, which are …” „… complete machining of internally toothed ring gears, which are mainly used in planet drives for wind power …” „… example, have diameters of 17 meters and more. The machines are PowerTec Gantries with integrated rotary …”

F. Lubos, Z. Roth Bionic tooth root: fatigue testing and potential on gear units S. 47-56

„… . Fig. 8: Averaged sound power curves of gear units with conventional and bionic toothing The sound …” „… : fatigue testing and potential on gear units Dipl.-Ing. Florian Lubos, Dipl.-Ing. Zsolt Roth, VDI, J …” „… the materials 18CrNiMo7-6 and 16MnCr5 and noise reduction potential on gear units. 1. Introduction …”

K. Takaki, M. Sugimoto Optimization of hypoid gear macro/micro geometries for high efficiency drives, taking into consideration NVH and strength S. 367-378

„… , “Reduction of Friction in the Final Drive Unit,” Proceedings of the Motion and Power Transmission Symposium …” „… recent years. One way to improve fuel economy is to enhance the efficiency of the rear axle unit used as …” „… the final reduction mechanism on rearwheel-drive vehicles. The rear axle unit is built with hypoid …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… Monitoring Concept Study for Aerospace Power Gear Box Drive Train Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Nowoisky …” „… Wireless Data Transfer Unit (WDTU) must be introduced [6], [7]. Results of early subscale component test …” „… runs are used to define requirements to adjust the WDTU and accommodate the new power gearbox (PGB …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation of crossed axis gearbox S. 583-594

„… bevel or cylindrical gears. Their operation is followed by high power losses of the transmission and …” „… overheating that has bad consequences such as high power losses that significantly reduces efficiency. This …” „… increased experimental temperatures. Table 1: Parameters of oil Klübersynth GH6-1500 Parameters Unit GH …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Winterberg Test stand for internally cooled metal gears S. 1263-1266

„… minimum and thus the power loss is reduced. The power loss is usually noticeable as undesirable heat …” „… increased gear no-load losses and therefore reduces the efficiency of the gear unit. The use of splash …” „… gear no-load losses. With high-speed gearings, a significant part of the power loss is generated by …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… tooth root: fatigue testing and potential on gear units …” „… , M. Fraces, Alstom, Le Creusot, France Content f Efficiency Windage power loss reductions in …” „… , INSA Lyon, LabECAM, Université de Lyon, France Power loss analysis of different high-power density …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… as cutters, worm grinders, etc. - Checking if economic production methods such as Power Skiving and …” „… manufacturing processes are available. But whether a process, for example Power Skiving or Honing, is possible …” „… boxes in single-unit or in small batches, costs can be reduced if existing tools such as hobs or shaper …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… PTO(Power Take-off) system to transmit the engine power to the outside. However, it makes gear rattling …” „… agricultural machine. Tractors perform a variety of agricultural works using their traction power, or taking …” „… out their rotational power. The tractor has a power-take-off (PTO) system for extracting the …”

M. Chapron, Q. Theurillat-Bonjour Tooth contact analysis of non-circular gears with non-involute tooth profiles: Application to horological spur gears S. 925-936

„… ) the barrel spring acting as the source of energy, (b) the power transmission unit, composed of …” „… as the time base. Between the gear unit and the oscillator, one can find (c) the escapement …” „… demonstrated the effectiveness of the method by designing a helical eccentric gear unit with involute tooth …”

L. Stocco Complementary strengths of orbitless & planetary drives S. 1485-1496

„… drives have higher power density and co-axial drive shafts that rotate in a common direction. Orbitless …” „… in Fig. 2. PA is the gear tooth pressure angle, physical units are absent for all parameters which …” „… non-uniform tooth friction, it is 3.7x larger to keep the input speed, torque and power as consistent as …”

M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, A. Beinstingel Planetary gears: modes, noise and modifications application and validation of simulation and experiment S. 57-68

„… , Augsburg Abstract Gear noise is a very important contribution to the overall performance of power …” „… . 1. Introduction Besides power density, reliability and efficiency, noise is always an important …” „… noise. In planetary gear systems of high power density and high gear ratio, helical gears create …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… prefer mechanically non-closed loop type (power absorption type) test rigs. JIS defines the standard …” „… non-closed loop type (Power absorption type) Mechanically closed loop type (Power circulation type …” „… Unit VDI 2736, Size 1 JIS B 1759 Center distance mm 28 Normal module mm 1 1 Number of teeth …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… drums), because they are often the key unit in the process chain. Therefore, they need to meet high …” „… power loop principle (four-square configuration) to provide a fixed torque to a pair of test gears. Two …” „… shafts connect the slave gear unit with the test gearbox (Figure 2). On the pinion shaft there is a …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… arrangement, the electrical drive unit only feeds the power losses induced by the components of the hypoid …” „… power between crossed axles. Demands for higher transmitted torques at a considerably reduced weight …” „… lead to a constantly rising power density. Thus, a major aspect during the design process of a bevel …”

M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, B. Zornek Investigations on the pitting load capacity of internal spur and helical gears S. 301-314

„… high power density with coaxial in- and output. Especially in wind energy and industrial transmission …” „… commonly used. As a consequence of the continuous increase in the required power, the risk for flank …” „… . Recently, the continuous increase in required power density of transmission systems enhances the risk of …”

H. Blettery, D. Talbot, A. Kahraman, H. Xu A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with misalignments S. 619-634

„… setup with gears from an axle and a power take-off unit, while combinations of multiple misalignments …” „… misalignments Hugo Blettery, David Talbot, Ahmet Kahraman, Gear and Power Transmission Research Laboratory …” „… , and demonstrated using a gear pair example from an automotive rear axle unit. A low-speed hypoid gear …”

M. Yilmaz, T. Lohner, K. Michaelis, K. Stahl Minimizing gear friction with water-containing gear fluids S. 669-680

„… units, a strong emphasis is put on the efficiency of gearboxes. The power loss of a gearbox includes …” „… power losses from gears, bearings, seals and auxiliaries. A differentiation is made between no-load and …” „… . Power losses are directly related to gearbox heat balance. A preliminary study by the authors (Yilmaz …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Flank load carrying capacity of oil-lubricated high performance plastic gears – Analysis of the pitting development in back-to-back tests S. 1379-1390

„… . Abstract Plastic gears for power transmitting gearboxes are gaining more and more importance. Operation …” „… the transmitted power compared to dry running systems. Extensive experimental investigations on …” „… material which is particularly suitable for high temperature and high power applications. Current …”

Y. Zhao, Q. Meng, Z. Yang Curvature interference characteristic of conical worm gear S. 607-618

„… . 2.2 Cutting meshing of enveloping conical worm The unit vector o1 k of a static coordinate system …” „… transformation, from Eq. (3), the two unit vectors 1 g and 2 g of P on the abrasive wheel generating …” „… Cutting mesh of conical worm gear The unit vector o2 k of a static coordinate system o2 2 o2 o2 o2 …”

B. Mahr, A. Pogacnik, A. Langheinrich Derivation of tooth stiffness of asymmetric gears for loaded tooth contact analysis S. 937-948

„… higher pressure angle, power losses are normally reduced, but often at the cost of noise emission due to …” „… symmetric (Figure 1) shape over the full facewidth b (Note: Symbols and units used in this paper corresponds …”

B. Hu, M. Zheng, C. Zhou Tribo-dynamics model of a spur gear pair with gyroscopic effect and flexible shaft S. 541-554

„… . used the tribo-dynamic model with thermal effect to investigate gear mechanical power loss [14], tooth …” „… m m m m m m mF k b c , (11) where γmi is a unit step function to determine the tooth contact or …” „… Machine Theory, 46 (2011) 466-478. [14] S. Li, A thermal tribo-dynamic mechanical power loss model for …”

I. Moriwaki, S. Doi, Asso. D. Iba, T. Yomenura, K. Haizumi Conjugate tooth profile of circular spline to involute flex gear in strain wave gearing S. 973-984

„… calculate the unit normal vector, Ff e n , from the flex-gear-tooth normal, fn , by Ff e Ff e f …” „… , Proceedings of ASME International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference, 1989, pp.607-612. [5] Shoichi …”

D. Fuchs, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Schurer Investigations into non-metallic inclusion crack area characteristics relevant for tooth root fracture damages of case carburised and shot-peened high strength gears of different sizes made of high-qu... S. 287-300

„… Figure 4). This test rig utilizes a recirculating power loop principle to supply a fixed torque to a …” „… . 2355, 2019 297 Nomenclature Symbol Unit Parameter Symbol Unit Parameter dNMI µm Distance from the …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… . G. Jacobs, Center for Wind Power Drives, Aachen; Prof. Dr. W. Holweger, Schaeffler Technologies …” „… Rectified Linear Unit (ReLu) activation function and an Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adamax) optimizer …” „… Bussel and E. Koutoulakos, "Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies," IET Renewable Power Generation …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, I. Moriwaki Simulation of tooth flank profile in the gear honing process S. 1707-1724

„… , , ∙ ∙ , ∙ ∙ , ∙ ∙ The unit normal vector n of P1 is calculated as follows: n …” „… point P2 that corresponds to P1 has an origin angle of θ1 where the internal product of the unit normal …” „… vector of P2, n is the unit normal vector of P2, P3 is the point resulting from the conversion of P2 to …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Co-simulation of the tooth contact of bevel gears within a multibody simulation S. 217-228

„… stages in multi-body-systems. 1 Introduction Gear drives of various power classes are used in the …” „… symbol (pinion) symbol (gear) unit number of teeth 12 37 mean normal module 4.465 4.465 mean spiral …”

H. Wang, X. Wen, C. Zhou, Z. Liu Wear prediction for double helical gears grinded by forming method S. 315-330

„… the characteristics of the gear grinding process, such as force, power, temperature, and surface …” „… ratio and contact pressure per unit length. To describe clearly the wear variations at tooth width, the …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… used in industrial planetary gear units. The same cast patterns were used for both materials. In the …” „… increasing maximum nodule diameter and can be described by a power-law fit. In compliance with the …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and …” „… problems ensuring proper lubrication and increasing the reliability of the systems. High power density …” „… research, models are available for the prediction of the power losses related to gear meshing (sliding …”

F. Cura ISO Standard based method for determining a global in-operation dynamic factor KAV in gears subjected to variable velocity and loading conditions S. 689-700

„… available both power and speed values during the phases of a complete flight mission. More in detail, the …” „… distributes the requested powers from an input source (INPUT) to the accessories (OIL PUMP, FUEL PUMP …” „… in terms of power, rotating speed and duration of each phase of a flight mission, referring to the …”

G. Vasileiou, N. Rogkas, V. Spitas, P. Zalimidis Optimisation of spur gear tooth fillet for maximum bending strength using Bezier curves S. 149-160

„… . Introduction Nowadays, the increased power demands in industrial transmission systems, require the design and …” „… , the potential of spur gears in power transmission systems of high reduction ratio has not yet been …” „… . m=1 and b=1) with unitary load F=1. This is justified by the linear manner in which the root stress …”

J. Neufond, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet, A. Carbonelli Influence of tooth profile modifications on the dynamic behavior of a planetary gear set – Experimental investigation and numerical validation for different amplitudes of tooth profile modifications S. 765-776

„… for mass produced gears with scatters in tooth accuracy, ASME Proceedings of the International Power …” „… united with Acta Acustica; 87, 67-76, 2001. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019776 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

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S. Suo Future of Electrified Powertrain in the era of Software Defined Vehicles and Service Oriented Architecture S. 79-84

„… Computer Unit (CCU)Vehicle Level Power & Energy Management Controls SW ComponentsEV Power Transfer …” „… everchanging connectivity technology, the electric vehicle (EV) becomes a mobile power plant and mobile data …” „… eMobilityecosystemElectrification leads to zero emission and transform vehicle to a mobile power plant with V2H,V2G,V2LAutonomous …”

Florian Pampel, M. Stapelbroek, I. Hazanavicius Tailored battery systems for entry level up to high performance applications Challenges in battery development S. 99-108

„… unitPower supply of standby consumers even during sleep mode(Recuperation and start-stop)ChallengesCost …” „… 3)168759951087499119-15%1.5%» ACCELERATED TRANSFORMATION SCENARIOSales in million unitsVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022 101© by …” „… respective vehicle applications have significantly dif-ferent requirements for battery energy density, power …”

M. Thierer Robust control strategies – Approaching parameter uncertainties for traction drive systems and DC/DC-converters in automotive HV applications S. 109-120

„… : Cell Voltage Monitor; PDU: Power Distribution UnitVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022112| Michael Thierer …” „… voltage: 50 V – 515 VInput current: up to 600AOutput Power: up to 180kWFCCU: Fuel Cell Control Unit; CVM …” „… Abstract MAHLE develops a high-current inverter for a 48V traction drive system with a continuous power of …”

R. Weller, S. Manzinger Autonomous Driving @ MAN & Traton S. 395-402

„… DisplaysBrakingSteeringIO modules Power supplyCentralised ArchitectureComplete ADAS portfolio (L0-L2)TRATON Automation …” „… , 2022 397ADC as compute unit for automationComplete new sensors for automationADC1ADC2Sensors 1Sensors 2 …” „… ADAS sensorsConnectivity module DisplaysRed.brakingSteeringIO modules Power supplyRed. steeringRed …”

A. Ropers Virtual E/E Test Platform – co-exploration, optimization and validation of ECU architecture and software in the context of the car S. 9-18

„… more electronic control units (ECUs) were added to enable functional safety, entertainment and comply …” „… and memory subsystem –predict performance and power due to dynamic effectso HW-SW validation – joint …” „… optimization power, performance, accuracy & cost• Fast design space explorationo Performance and power metrics …”

J. Toennemann Architectural Guidelines for AUTOSAR-based E/E Systems with Safety-related Availability Requirements S. 211-218

„… B(D) on AvailabilityLegend Bus Power Sensors/Actuators3Use Cases for Fail-operational SystemsL3 AD …” „… is needfor additional computation power that microcontrollers just cannot deliverSystem-on-chips …” „… units with more (inter-) dependencies> also towards various external libraries (libc, libcxx, ...)Board …”

G. Seidel, T. Smits, J. Lützner Supplier‘s Perspective of the Truck Architecture Transformation S. 349-358

„… ; ZCU = Zone Control UnitHPC / SCPZCUVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022 357SummaryThere is no blueprint for …” „… this environment with less ECUs but some of these with significantly higher computation power, the …”

L. H. M. Schmitz, J. J. Hiddema Autonomy by AgXeed – Development of an autonomous ecosystem S. 461-XVI

„… of the soil. Replacing heavy tractors and harvesting machines by smaller, autonomous units will help …” „… (unmanned) units need a complete new approach with regard to the operation of these units as compared to …” „… unit. Control commands can be based on an UI available in the web based portal or a mobile app. Fig …”

B. Erdem Quantification of Life-Saving Collective Perception V2X Benefits S. 59-68

„… eHorizonbackendV2VV2IV2PRoad side UnitVehiclePedestrian› V2I: Vehicle to Infrastructure› V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle› V …” „… only protects Power-Two-Wheeler 12%› ADAS, BSM/CAM, and CPM in combination can protect 90% of VRUs …” „… MessageVehicle v s Power-Two-Wheeler crashes addressed by BSM/CAMCPMCollective Perception MessageVehicle v s VRU …”

V. Horvath, H. Laine, G. Blahut, A. Késmárki, M. Pfeifle Streaming Map Data Efficiently from Cloud to ECUs – A Cost-Efficient and Self-Adapting Solution for Intelligent Speed Assistance S. 239-248

„… ease. Designed to limit engine power rather than apply the brakes, ISA stops the vehicle from …” „… received from satellites are fused with information coming from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). By …” „… electronic control units (ECUs). One of these ECUs is a front-facing camera system that can detect traffic …”

A. Berger An Advanced High-Efficiency Inverter with High Switching Frequencies to Improve Powertrain Efficiency and Performance S. 85-98

„… a key area of focus. Power electronics playing a key role in the overall efficiency and performance …” „… of the powertrain, with a major portion of the losses coming from the power switches, e.g., MOSFETs …” „… and IGBTs. Not only do losses affect powertrain efficiency but output power quality affects motor …”

M. Spencer How SOAFEE Accelerates the transition from Cloud-Native to Car-Native S. 219-228

„… such as safety and real-time. Though SOAFEE, we will be able to bring the power and efficiencies of …” „… , Cambridge, United Kingdom Abstract The transition towards the Software Defined Vehicle (SDV) in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… x 210 mmE/E in Commercial Vehicles f Alternative Drives & Power ElectronicsNew GaN based DC-DC …” „… , United KingdomReal Life performance of IEEE 1722 Control Format (ACF) – In future oriented networking …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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Results in this title

A. Gkountas, P. Bakalis, D. Tyris, D. Manolakos Thermodynamic modelling of a Biomass Organic Rankine Cycle for sustainable heat and power cogeneration in greenhouses S. 47-52

„… converting low-temperature waste heat into power. Furthermore, ORC units can be employed as bottoming cycles …” „… The proposed cogeneration system consists of a biomass combustor and an ORC unit for power generation …” „… gas turbine and an Organic Rankine Cycle unit for combined heat and power production, Energy …”

F. Herter, C. Schwaer Valuation Method for Corn head integrated Stubble Cracker System S. 173-178

„… of the power train components will be focused. Basically one double unit consists of one input PTO …” „… solution of rotating hammers and the systematic design of power train components will be presented. Based …” „… rotors are positioned in double units behind the serial cornhead. As an example an eight row cornhead is …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 61-68

„… , the installation of semi-transparent photovoltaics on the roof of each construction unit of a …” „… . The amounts of energy consumed by a greenhouse unit are remarkably high. Only for the Mediterranean …” „… public power grid or fossil fuel generators. However, both solutions present problems, as many of the …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, I. Lycoskoufis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 631-638

„… photovoltaics on the roof of each construction unit of a greenhouse, replacing the existing cover, leading to …” „… the formation of the desired microclimate. The amounts of energy consumed by a greenhouse unit are …” „… based on systems that consume electricity. The source of this energy is the public power grid or fossil …”

M. Messieux, D. Touze, R. Guillaud, O. Bensehila, O. Marchand, S. Foroushani, L. Wannasek, T. Amon Conversion of a diesel farm tractor to run on bioCNG – Adapted in-use livestock farm tractor for biomethane S. 253-258

„… decades to supply Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) using stationary gas engines with biogas. Today …” „… regulation Engine power kW CO g/kWh HC g/kWh NOx g/kWh PM g/kWh PN #/kWh Original diesel tractor Stage II G …” „… an 82hp (62kW) 4.5 litres four-cylinder diesel engine from Deere Power System (Figure 1 - a ). It was …”

N. Katsoulas, C. Baxevanou, D. Feidaros Optimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses S. 53-60

„… Optimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses Nikolaos Katsoulas, Catherine …” „… multifactorial problem of the optimal design (production quality, electricity cost and CO2) of a hybrid power …” „… generation system (with photovoltaic, wind turbine, batteries and oil generating unit) to meet greenhouse …”

C. Depenbrock, L. Frerichs Investigation and testing of a novel concept for straw management with the “Kombi-Mulcher” – How the decoupling of combine threshing and straw management by means of a “Kombi-Mulcher” contributes to e... S. 179-188

„… output Power (speed and torque) at mulcher, auger, cutting unit A test plan was drawn up. It was …” „… . This contribution to the conference provides the design and construction of both the individual units …” „… the machine increases the threshing power or reduces fuel consumption. This brings clear advantages …”

S. Röttgermann, G. Podann, J. IJsselmuiden, F. Tamminga, N. van de Westeringh, K. Jayaraj, D. Matos, D. Albrecht Disturbance Input Detection and Performance Monitoring for Smart Agricultural Implements S. 141-148

„… first example. An approach to monitor the quality of work is exemplified by the power harrow. In …” „… impairs subsequent work steps. In addition, the power requirement of the towing vehicle increases to pull …” „… seedbed preparation with a power harrow or direct seeding. Damage to the machines by the metal parts on …”

M. Gränitz, J. Hirth Sensors for Agriculture Robots – How sensors and software enable the transformation towards highly automated and sustainable agricultural production systems – a platform-based development approach – S. 343-350

„… processes. Agriculture Transformation “The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in …” „… nowadays. The power of innovation like the development of fertilizer (19th century) or with the …” „… experience slippage on slopes. Therefore, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) has been applied, to have …”

O. Lagnelöv, G. Larsson, A. Larsolle, P.-A. Hansson Electric tractors – Sustainable and Profitable? Economic and environmental impact of autonomy and electric drivelines in agriculture S. 189-196

„… self-driving modes considered. For fuel, Swedish marginal electricity mix (41% natural gas, 35% wind power …” „… per-unit impact of the fuel for the electric tractors. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022190 Fig. 1 …” „… compaction)TimelinessMaintenanceOperatorFuelAnnuityVDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022192 Table 1: Climate impact per unit of fuel, after driveline losses. Electric …”

L. Wannasek, D. May, D. Tyris, T. Amon Design of an on-farm biomethane upgrading plant with hybrid compression and filling station S. 259-266

„… on-farm is commonly used for power and heat generation (typically in combined heat and power plants), its …” „… can be used to replace fossil fuels, e.g. to power tractors. Part of the Horizon 2020 project RES4LIVE …” „… Power (CHP) or fuel for farm tractors. A promising biogas to biomethane upgrading technology that could …”

A. Barbaresi, M. Ceccarelli, M. Bovo, M. Agrusti, E. Santolini, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari, G. Menichetti Machine Learning Models for Predictions of Thermal Energy Need in Farm Buildings S. 477-484

„… residential units. Consequently, the reduction of computational time is becoming an essential requirement. An …” „… exhibits the variable unit. The fifth column reports feature selected as input Name Abbr U/S Unit Input …” „… for Wind Power Production Forecasting: A Step towards Smart Grid Environments. Energies 2021, Vol 14 …”

A. van Dueren den Hollander Intra row weeding in sugar beets with the use of Artificial Intelligence – From theory to practice S. 267-274

„… controlling unit. The last step was getting the graphical user interface (GUI) ready for customers. This …” „… complete line of platforms, the Jetson AGX Xavier was picked out for its computational power and …” „… was composed, to ensure enough calculating power. Inferencing model For inferencing, different …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXII

„… sustainable heat and power cogeneration in greenhouses …” „… University of Athens, GreeceOptimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses …” „… University, Belgium;J. Maselyne, Technology and Food Science Unit, ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024065

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