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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2398 2022

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R. Schurmann, T. Kersten, G. Ungemach, N. Harendza, M. Martynkewicz, B. Schick, M. Böhle Investigation of the damage criticality of axle components of a four-link rear axle on the driving simulator S. 35-58

„… Investigation of the damage criticality of axle components of a four-link rear axle on the driving …” „… possible to experience the MBS model with damaged axle components on the driving simulator and thus also to …” „… evaluate them subjec-tively. Various deformation states of the components of the four-link rear axle are …”

B. Schick, M. Böhle, P. Pfeffer, M. Niegl, S. Vorderobermeier Use of driving simulators in chassis development – applications and potentials S. 175-190

„… Chassis Symposium 2021 [6] Schurmann et al. “Investigation of the failure criticality of axle components …” „… motion and the option to incorporate real components such as steering and brakes system with controls …” „… hardware, software and simulation components and allows the integration of different hardware setups, such …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… , Mercedes-Benz AG, Sindelfingenf FahrwerksentwicklungInvestigation of the damage criticality of axle components …” „… of a four-link rear axle on the driving simulator …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023983

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

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R. Schurmann, N. Harendza, A. Lion Comparison of numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure S. 103-118

„… simulation of spontaneous axle component failureDipl.-Ing. Robert Schurmann, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg; M. Sc …” „… spontaneous deformation of an axle component and its spontaneous breakage after the impact of an overload …” „… components is very demanding. For the assessment of component failures, the axle components to be tested are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure 103R. Schurmann …” „… FahrwerkskonzepteED::Axle LCV – Koppellenkerachse mit Querblattfeder 43F. Mergner, EDAG Engineering GmbH …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… pivotal components within the force transmission chain (such as empirical tyre models) present elevated …” „… insight to the practical application and investigation results of a prototype sensor at component level …” „… central component of a virtual sensor concept for the determination of input variables for the digital …”

K. Sedlan, A. Apel, B. Schick, M. Böhle Methoden, Nutzen und Potenziale von Fahrsimulatoren in der Reifen- und Fahrwerkabstimmung S. 239-XII

„… the damage criticality of axle components of a four-link rear ax-le on the driving simulator …” „… after chassis component damages on the dynamic driving simulator”, 12th International Munich Chassis …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

VDI Wissensform GmbH - Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

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VDI Wissensform GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2421 2023

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M. Eisele, M. Kohler Modular Electric Driveline Platform for Commercial Vehicles – Central Drives and Electric Axles Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components S. 37-46

„… Modular Electric Driveline Platform for Commercial Vehicles Central Drives and Electric Axles …” „… Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components Markus Eisele, Markus Kohler, ZF Group …” „… central drives and electric axles. Both types have their individual benefits and disadvantages. We will …”

B. Wunderlich Development of an heavy duty eAxle for worldwide application within Daimler Truck portfolio S. 175-180

„… gearset minimizes the effort on require-ments for functional safety. Existing components such as axle …” „… / electrical carrier. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2421, 2023 177The electrical carrier as the major component of the eAxle …” „… differential. Fig. 2: Re440 concept overview Main components of Re440 are shown in Fig. 3: 1. Axle housing …”

I. Gonzalez, C. Reisinger Electrifying trucks and commercial vehicles without compromise S. 59-66

„… eBeam rear axle using stock suspension and brake components, combined with a front Magna eDrive that is …” „… also delivery vehicles, vans, and off-road vehicles. Beam axles for all these segments have been proven …” „… , typically vans, trucks, and LCVs, Figure 1. Fig. 1: Beam axle advantages compared to independent suspension …”

M. Trahand Drivetrain architectures and vehicle integration: The evolution and advantages of in-wheel propulsion for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-134

„… axle manu-facturers to move the motor position to the axle, first bolting it onto the differential then …” „… inte-grating it into eAxles. The next step in electric drivetrain evolution led motor companies to combine …” „… lost to all the components of the drivetrain engaged along the way to the wheels, from the drive shaft …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… ComponentsDevelopment of an heavy duty eAxle for worldwide application within Daimler Truck portfolio 175B. Wunderlich …” „… for Electrification and Automated Driving 29B. Meurer, ZF, Hannover Zero emission componentsModular …” „… . Kampker, M. Kehrer, S. Hagedorn, P. Euchner, Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components …”

B. Meurer The next level of an improved Truck-Trailer connection and interaction – Examples for Electrification and Automated Driving S. 29-36

„… battery cooling system with further com-ponents and an adapted suspension to integrate the ZF e-Axle …” „… . It is the combination of a generator axle and a battery on the trailer purely to electrify the …” „… consists of three main building blocks: An elec-tric traction axle, a box that includes the battery, the …”

A. Rozum, R. Uerlich, G. Witham, L. Eckstein Modular powertrains for heavy-duty electric vehicles – From concept to prototype S. 191-XII

„… project of Concept ELV2 (funded by BMWi), a novel electrically driven axle (e-axle) is developed together …” „… requirement sources for heavy duty vehicles, followed up by different transmission concepts for e-axles. A …” „… different operation strategies of the latter. Lastly, the measurement data of the Concept ELV2 e-axle …”

C. Schmidt Fault analysis of truck drivelines using big data methods S. 149-160

„… between load and load-bearing capacity of a component [1] The loads on a component arise from the …” „… normalized fuel consumption), optimization of design (e.g., adjusting the rear axle ratio), and comparative …” „… fuel consumption across different emission levels Assessment of the Operating Severity of Rear Axle …”

A. Arnberger, H. Wancura, M. Wieser, H. Zhou, W. Gruber, J. Pell, C. Schörghuber Hybrid powertrain with hydrogen-engine – Technical solutions for future commercial vehicle powertrains S. 79-92

„… environmental conditions  Carry-Over Engine: carry-over of current engine components and powertrain …” „… control-complexity and higher product costs (higher number of components) compared to parallel hybrid. When it comes …” „… : electric axle, all-wheel drive possible Fig. 3: Overview of parallel hybrid configurations With respect …”

G. Wiche Voith Central Drive Concept for HD Trucks S. 181-190

„… purpose vehicle platform. The main components of the developed powertrain are 1) a four-speed AMT with …” „… . The fourth component is an optional retarder – a component that is normally not expected in an …” „… comprises three main components: the high-speed EVO motor, the Future Inverter Platform (FIP), and the …”

H. Heimes, A. Kampker, M. Kehrer, S. Hagedorn, P. Euchner Packaging concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles – From practical to application-oriented designs S. 13-28

„… M.Sc., Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM) of RWTH Aachen Zusammenfassung …” „… components, known as "Packaging." Initially, manufacturers used "Conversion Design" to leverage existing …” „… of 1.5 tons. The powertrain was featured by a distinctive suspension and reduction axles directly at …”

J. Hohn, M. Fister, C. Spieker, A. Lemmer Optimisation of an unsynchronized transmission for commercial vehicles up to 7 tonnes S. 161-174

„… damping properties of the real driveline. Since the aim of the project is to build a prototype axle and a …” „… load that are significant for the duration of the shifting process. Thus, only components with a …” „… as low as possible in order to protect components and maintain driving comfort. A good compromise is …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024218

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

R. Plavullathil, M. Rihn, C. Bridier Marelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market S. 281-294

„… e-axles, PUNCH will contribute gearbox components and development as well as manufacturing expertise. Up …” „… electric motors for the twin electric axles. Only the component kit with the diameter of 244mm is …” „… Marelli’s eAxle family strategy Agile answer to a moving EV market Dipl.-Ing. Rahul Plavullathil …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… drive systems and their components is an ever greater challenge in times of diversity in powertrain …” „… to support the design process of the drive system and the associated components. Early on, virtual …” „… powertrain components of exemplary var-iants of a vehicle model. These variants will feature different …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… exhausted for hybrid transmissions? Innovative component development for hybrid systems Dipl.-Ing. Laurent …” „… developed. To this end, Schaeffler as a component and system supplier offers innovative solutions around the …” „… clutch, protect the powertrain components from overtorque. The latest Schaeffler solution also offers a …”

M. Magnusson, O. Nicklasson, H. Jacobsson Electric Cross Differential, eXD S. 235-252

„… propulsion axle equipped with an eXD (eLSD). An open differential mechanism acts as 50/50% torque …” „… on an axle with an open differential, “artificial” resistance torque on the low grip side can be …” „… speed. To increase the torque on the high grip side, a propulsion axle equipped with an eXD can instead …”

S. Kaimer Vehicle Motion Control by Advanced Wheel Torque Management S. 13-20

„… power output. Secondly, placing two separate e-drives on the front and rear axle is easier than …” „… drives as driving dynamics controllers by shifting torque between the axles. Another paradigm shift is …” „… active sideslip angle limitation. The sideslip angle describes how much the axles slip sideward in …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… characteristics of two electric drives across the front and rear axle. 2. Main losses of electric drives To …” „… relevant operating points were depicted via eDrive axle speed and axle torque. The relevant operating …” „… to increase due to component effects. Electric motors designed for higher power output contains more …”

Y. Jin Smart eDrive – Autonomous cooling eDrive for small BEVs and P4 AWD S. 21-36

„… related components and integrate the cooling elements directly on the eAxle. For example, the water pump …” „… . This solution will also bring high benefits while used as a secondary axle for the xEV AWD solutions …” „… will be inte-grated on the eAxle as an oil pump. The radiator will be integrated as the cooling fins …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-XVI

„… e-axle; this involved performing a noise synthesis based on compo-nent measurements as well as a full …” „… , early on in the development stage, of the impact electrical components will have on the sub-sequent …” „… an early stage and to break sound pattern targets down into individual components. The entire tool …”

H. Sandquist, E. Barrientos, S. Klacar Systemized Modular Approach for Electric Drive Unit Family Development S. 89-106

„… value chain, including production software and single components. The company was founded in 2021 in …” „… system (EDU) design and subsequently to component and sub-component design and dimensioning. For example …” „… of components and at a highest benefit for the customers and OEM.This approach, breaking down generic …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… gears, limited slip differentials, active torque vectoring or connect and disconnect systems for axles …” „… example to disable 4-wheel-drive [2] for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to connect an e-axle in a …” „… . Fig. 4 (left) shows the components of the monostable, normally open CDC which is preloaded by a spring …”

A. Paone, J. Larbig, A. Rohm, T. Höche ZF TherMaS: Holistic Thermal Management for BEV S. 45-60

„… increase efficiency, every kind of optimization on the component level (e-motor, power electronics, reducer …” „… the vehicle sub-components allows a better design of the components themselves and a better …” „… cooled condenser, enabling use of any loss energy of the components for VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 47 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… am Juni 15, 2023 | 11:45:49 | 148 mm x 210 mm ComponentsInnovative cold metal forming processes for …” „… , DarmstadtMarelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market 281R. Plavullathil, Marelli EPT, Turin …” „… a sustainable future – Moving forward with helical gear drive components in a resourceand …”

J. Bonifacio, V. Warth, S. Scharr Optimizing sustainable high-performance e-drives S. 349-358

„… . Motivation Weight and space reduction are permanent challenges in the design of electric axle drives in …” „… assessed and optimized. In general, it can be stated that an optimal point at component level does not …” „… computational burden for online control. In general, it can be stated that optimized components do not …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… axle and connect them to the same transmission output, as illustrated in Fig. 4 as a TDT11. The expense …” „… of installing two EMs on one axle can hardly be justified considering the relatively small efficiency …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023256axles. Furthermore, the latter allows higher driving dynamics, which makes a TDT …”

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… , such as the ability to interchange components easily to adapt to various applications. Modular systems …” „… transmissions consist of two separate components: the gearbox and the differential. The gearbox's function is to …” „… integrating these two components to form a coaxial reduction gearbox with an integrated differential. The new …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

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F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… design of an e-axle, where additional components like e-motor(s), transmission and even an inverter need …” „… components had to be positioned. The hydraulic system of the e-axle is described later in this paper. As the …” „… e-axle was to be designed as a prototype, it was decided to attach these components outside to the …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… including all components is shown in Fig. 1. Both front and rear axle are driven by a separate electric …” „… configurations. Component Options Front axle EM type IM PMSM Rear axle EM type IM PMSM Front axle disconnect …” „… driven by a central engine, electric all-wheel drive systems are realized as axle split systems. Both …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… eTransport Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks Dr.-Ing …” „… electric utility vehicles for urban logistics including rear axles with electric powertrain eTransport …” „… . Electric powered axle, necessary power electronics, battery as well as control unit provide a complete …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… off-the-shelf components. The two motors are combined with a 3-speed E-Transmission to provide a peak axle …” „… applications. Advantageously, this may facilitate a scaling potential of these components regarding production …” „… volumes, thus enabling lower prices for these components. Depending on the vehicles load profile the EDU …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… components for hybrids and e-drives Simulation and AI-supported design in development Plenary speeches …” „… conventional and electrifi ed drives Latest test methods for the validation of components Expectations of the …” „… List GmbH, Graz, Austria; A. Pujari, BMW Group, München Content f E-axles and Electrified AWD Power …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles Optimal design and …” „… series realization of the e-Drive and its components it is essential to find a balance between …” „… standardized modular components, whereas the towing vehicle would need complex modifications with expensive …”

K. Hirano E-Axle with multi driving modes for BEV & Mild HEV P4 – The 3 in 1 e-Axle for EV requiring a wide range of driving force S. 229-240

„… ” mode 5. SCALABILITY DMM Axle has the following scalability by utilizing the components (motors and …” „… E-Axle with multi driving modes for BEV & Mild HEV P4 The 3 in 1 e-Axle for EV requiring a wide …” „… Motor - Multi Driving Mode” e-Axle is a “Two motor - Two speed” eAxle developed to achieve low power …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle Highly efficient and shiftable under load Christian Schmidt …” „… requirements, which can no longer be supported by single speed architecture. A highly efficient 2speed e- Axle …” „… optimized overall efficiency, NVH, thermal behavior and durability already in early stage of the e-Axle …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… axle drive (e-drive) that consists of the main components “power electronics unit”, “electric machine …” „… Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization …” „… considerations, electric axle drives (e-drives) are often equipped with a parking lock system, which prevents …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… fixed ratio gear set. The electric components come from the ZF volume-produced product Electric Axle …” „… , Plug-in Hybrid, BEV and FCEV. It is vital to meet the needs of the respective segments with components …” „… commercial technology approach: A kit that consists of electrical, mechanical and software components. One …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… the active electromagnetic components like stator windings, magnets, stator- and rotor sheet packets …” „… but also the mechanical components such as bearings, sealings, gears, stator housing, shaft and lance …” „… of electric motor (left) and electric axle (right) Detailed 3D CHT model takes both mechanical and …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… consists of several systems, the most important ones are the fuel cell, the battery, the e-axle and the …” „… by the energy management. Due to the special properties of the components and the limited …” „… (GCW) of 42 tons (i.e. 40t + 2t due to European new energy legislation). The main components of the …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… improved by adding additional drive axles, which e.g. improve gradeability. This concept might allow …” „… Torque Management System (GETMS), the Smart Power Dolly (SPD), which has a steerable front axle and an …” „… electrically driven rear axle, and a semitrailer, which is also equipped with an electrically driven axle …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… eliminates any additional fuel consumption from mechanical losses. But which e-drive axle technology is …” „… favorable in terms of driving dynamics and efficiency? Magna Powertrain has compared four different axle …” „… and electric motors, possibly via two axles. In order to make this diversity manageable, Magna has …”

Z. Caba, M. Zafer, C. Harman, G. Hellenbroich, Ö. Eyigöz Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles S. 609-620

„… Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles Dr. Ziya Caba, Melih Zafer, Caner …” „… Otosan and FEV are developing an electric axle for heavy duty commercial vehicles. The unit is intended …” „… reusability, a P4 layout is chosen, for which a newly developed e-axle is fitted to a conventional tractor as …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle - HYDRA Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car Ir. Jannick …” „… transmission is not always possible or favourable. Some vehicles benefit more from a hybridized axle …” „… hybrid axle concept is realized that combines a power dense electric motor with a mechanical on-demand …”

L. de Ruijsscher TREMEC Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission (HDCT) – Electrification of TREMEC’s high performance dual clutch transmission S. 159-178

„… . A key attribute to TREMEC’s development approach is vertical integration from component design and …” „… functionality, but can be more expensive due to the increase in components and is typically larger in both size …” „… configuration adds electromotors to the rear axles, one on each output shaft of the transmission. This results …”

N. Scharlach Possibilities of a modern Powertrainmanagement S. 719-XIX

„… , additional and mandatory components, subsystems, … needed to be partly redesigned or revised. For the …” „… . § Additional components and subsystems o Hardware protection functions should be allocated there. o Operation …” „… functions and low level management functions should be allocated there o All these components and …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… ) either as a front driven solution or in combination with an electric drive system (eDS) on the rear axle …” „… powershift capability with five physical gears enabling a) axle torque over vehicle speed close to ICE peak …” „… ) Figure 3: eDrive in gear 2nd with a) axle torque over vehicle speed and b) DHD Plus torque flow path …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… challenge of defining cost-efficient platforms with modular components so that a wide range of vehicles can …” „… these powertrain components, topologies and functions requires a development process on the system …” „… number of all possible powertrain components to obtain powertrain variants that are optimized in terms …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl, J. Sandor, M. Hein Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils S. 453-468

„… , highly loaded hypoid gears, which are preferably used in vehicle axle drives, exhibit an unfavorable …” „… thicknesses in terms of wear due to the axle offset, their flank geometry and their areas of application. The …” „… to their preferred application in vehicle axle drives, they are subject to highest demands in regard …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… properties of the EM to cancel out the mechanical components in terms of start, reverse and synchronization …” „… . However, the elimination of these mechanical components has a large impact on driveability such as …” „… system, the elements of the simplified model do not have a one-to-one corresponding component in the …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… contributes to vehicle safety requirements and allows the oversizing of surrounding components to be reduced …” „… combustion engine and transmission (P2), on the transmission (P3), close to the axle (P4) up to …” „… components. Switching elements either implement different load paths, e.g. transmission pathways, or serve …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… , 800V), eMotor position (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, PS, RWD/AWD EV), multi-motor solutions (dual axle, P0/P3 …” „… (eMotors, thermal systems, power electronics, battery systems, control systems, engine components …” „… showing the efficiency effects of temperature isolated to individual components are also shown to …”

W. Sackl Sustainable Powertrain Solutions – the new role of the powertrain at Magna S. 1-10

„… example, by electrifying both front and rear axles, we achieve very fast and reproducible controllability …” „… be "new") based on a scalable electrified kit of powertrain and drivetrain components, where …” „… efficiency improvements: From fossil fuels to electrified powertrains and from Selling Components to Selling …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… behavior of the longitudinal acceleration. For this purpose, the axles are physically excited with the …” „… excitation from the axles to the body. The measured oscillation is subsequently imposed on the calculated …” „… with sufficient accuracy. In particular, the higher-frequency components are not represented, which …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… Fig. 4: Schematic layout of an inline TDT4LR For inline applications two gear stages plus an axle …” „… limitations of the electric components. This is qualitatively shown in Fig. 16 with EM1 providing its maximum …” „… highly overloadable electric components, it is expected that the torque changes at the side shafts are …”

G. Brudeli, B. Vestgård, S. Bjørkgård, L. Bjørkhaug Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks S. 567-580

„… . Fig. 1: The BGM parallel-serial hybrid system. Main components in green. The electric motor E1 is …” „… lower rear axle gear ratio and thereby a lower rpm in the highest gear, and driveability is maintained …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… the traction machine. Statement #3: Dual-axle vehicles deliver high dynamic performances, but chase …” „… secondary axle with disconnection clutch for efficiency optimization. As all types of losses are tracked …” „… clutch technology only includes 5 components: - a dog ring supported by a fork translates between 2 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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