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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

C. Gosselin, B. Leitz Tooth deburring and chamfering: a general approach for 5axis CnC manufacturing S. 1383-1394

„… of the tooth tip edge and angled by the Pivot Angle to provide the desired chamfer (Figure 6). Fig …” „… options such that the work is often done manually. Yet, chamfering is fundamental since it removes cutting …” „… process of removing remaining material burrs caused by the cutting process, for example Face Milling of …”

K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission gears S. 197-214

„… )$ is root circle radius and is transverse pressure angle.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022206(6) (7) (8 …” „… gear tooth cutting tool (hob). This limitation stems from the symmetric geometry of the hob cutting …” „… gear teeth cutting tool. This limitation stems from the fact that the radius of the hob cutting edge …”

G. Klein New chamfer cutting solutions for cylindrical gears: gaining productivity and flexibility S. 1397-1410

„… , chamfer size and chamfer angle can be freely defined and do not depend on the cutting tool’s design …” „… defines the minimum size of the gap of the gear to be chamfered. Cutting insert wedge angle and the blade …” „… New Chamfer Cutting Solutions for Cylindrical Gears: Gaining Productivity and Flexibility …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… angle are varied within a defined parameter space in FEA simulations using ABAQUS/CAE. Cutting forces …” „… specific cutting force than a negative rake angle. Based on the simulations, a regression model for the …” „… the influ-ence of the rake angle as an exponential function. The modeled specific cutting force …”

J. Furst, F. Joachim, C. Gosselin, J. Thomas Improved design and manufacturing of face gears S. 1461-1466

„… machine, it is necessary to change in the same amount and way during feed also the angle of the cutting …” „… thinking of right-angle gearboxes, most technicians cannot yet imagine completely new drive possibilities …” „… bevel gear angular gearboxes. Angular drives with an axis angle between 1 and 135° or multiple drives …”

A. Hilligardt, J. Klose, V. Schulze A new method for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving S. 1305-1318

„… workpiece mesh under an axis crossing angle. This is creating the cutting speed in flank direction while the …” „… creates a clearance angle that is necessary for chip formation with geometrically defined cutting edges …” „… set the clearance angle that is necessary for cutting with geometrically defined cutting edge. In the …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… , the com-plex process kinematics cause intense variations of the effective cutting parameters during …” „… tool life is still a major challenge. Intense varia-tions of the effective cutting parameters during …” „… tool engagement are caused by the process kine-matics. Negative rake angles at the tools exit and small …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… , contact pressure, relative and sliding velocities, oil thickness, (initial) pressure angles, contact …” „… way to improve its design, e.g., proper root thickness or lower pressure angle, etc. b) Cylindrical …” „… 42CrMo4 QT, alloy steel. Plastic gears were made of acetal homopolymer POM H. The pressure angle for …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… manufactured with helix angle and this means that the geometry of worm gear tooth is different at inlet and …” „… cutting parameters and to find optimal manufacturing procedure. Miltenovic [6] investigate thermal design …” „… pair Worm Worm gear Center distance 100 mm Axial module 4 mm Pressure angle at normal section 20o …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… finishing process with geometrically undefined cutting edges. Similarly, to generating gear grinding, the …” „… sliding motion between gear and grinding wheel is obtained by a cross-axis angle, as shown in Fig. 1. The …” „… cross-axis angle would normally cause an interference between a tool and a gear, if the tool would have a …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwen Gear design optimization for multi-mesh and multi-power flow transmissions under a broad torque range incorporated with multibody simulations S. 849-862

„… been developed. First, a detailed tooth geometry is computed based on the cutting process so that the …” „… shape of root fillet curves depending on the cutting tool tip radius In addition, to efficiently access …” „… . 2389, 2022852Normal module ? mm 2.08 3.25 Normal pressure angle ? - 20 20 Helix angle ? deg 33 30 …”

A. Kubo, A. Ueda, R. Uehara Development of IP-bevel gears for industrial operation S. 343-356

„… conventional machines). The reason of this is, (1) many paths of the cutting tool movement are necessary to …” „… , lead angle 30deg. and face width 30mm, as seen in Fig.1. The tooth contact pattern and the …” „… , (1) many paths of the cutting tool movement are necessary to generate 3D curved form of tooth flank …”

J. Hochrein, M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Direct flank geometry calculation for face gears S. 1447-1460

„… , Garching Abstract Face gear drives with a 90° shaft angle represent special types of angular gear units …” „… the helix angle and the centre offset. By limiting the calculation to the boundaries of face gears …” „… manufactured face gear teeth. Nomenclature λ Face gear pressure angle z Number of teeth ρ Cutter involute roll …”

P. Tenberge, R. Uelpenich, P. Dong, R. He Very fast tooth root optimization – general tool geometry for much smaller tooth root stresses S. 457-468

„… many gearings with pressure angles of approx. 20° and usual profile shift factors. In the case of …” „… manufacturing pressure angle n. In Fig. 2 (a) the rounded tool tip corner can be seen. The center point MKE of …” „… distance a2 to the point MKE and the angle of the line MKE-P2 to the reference line have a decisive …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… worm moving. Self-locking occurs when the pitch angle is smaller than the friction angle of the worm …” „… loads, e.g. resulting from vibrations. The pitch angles of standard gears are too high for self-locking …” „… speed can be transmitted via right angles a b Fig. 1: Schematic picture of a …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae High-speed measurement of hardness distribution with X-ray diffraction S. 1553-1568

„… we can measure e.g. the tooth flank hardness of a gear without cutting the target object into test …” „… cross-sectional forms of the Debye ring in its each 360 degree angle cut is Fig. 2 Measurement of DRA Fig. 3 …” „… distribution over whole the tooth flanks, we set X-ray incident angle to 45 deg. The Vout to HVmr …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, F. Mieth Design, strength calculation by ISO10300 and loaded TCA of forged differential bevel gears S. 157-170

„… driving wheels. These gears can be produced by several cutting methods, but forging is the preferred …” „… was possible to calculate tooth strength only for gear teeth obtained using “traditional” cutting …” „… classic cutting methods could be accounted for, the modified tooth root of forged differential gears could …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… angle deviations were compensated by means of detailed adjustment, so that a uniform load distribution …” „… teeth z1 / z2 - 17 / 18 24 Face width b mm 14 30 Normal pressure angle αn ° 20 Helix angle β ° 0 Deep …” „… for each test gear geometry, which, with the exception of the face profile angle deviation of the …”

R. Chen, D. Qin, C. Liu Study on electromechanical coupled dynamic characteristics of transmission system of wind turbine S. 763-778

„… of gravity, the ring gear support stiffness, and the inclination angle on the planetary transmission …” „… driven by the motor of the shearer cutting section and studied the influence of the motor magnetic field …” „… , operating speed, and acceleration on the natural vibration characteristics of the cutting transmission …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… quality improvement demand the use of new tool types. CBN grains can provide improved cutting properties …” „… potential of vitrified bonded cBN. The good cutting properties of the cBN grain contribute to the fact that …” „… , 19]. If possible, a stationary condition with sufficient cutting properties of the grinding wheel …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… normal module mn mm 5 number of teeth z [–] 24 tooth width b mm 30 normal pressure angle  ° 20 helix …” „… angle  ° 0 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022292Fig. 2 shows the manufacturing route and experimental set-up …” „… steel 18CrNiMo7-6. The gear cutting of the test gears is carried out with the aid of a hob in …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… superfinish to smooth the surfaces and remove the sharp edges left after cutting [10]. The surface roughness …” „… Profile involute, ISO 53 A Module – m [mm] 1 Number of teeth – z 20 Pressure angle – α [°] 20 Face width …”

D. Sackmann, T. Husemann, B. Karpuschewski The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the barkhausen noise signal S. 695-706

„… rough grinding and finishing process parameters rough grinding finishing cutting velocity vc m/s 35 35 …” „… sin²ψ method in χ-mode at 13 ψ-angles within the range of -45° and +45°. In addition, the retained …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… means that the points calculated by the gear-cutting software are probed at constant intervals with a …” „… angles from 0° to 45°, both as right-rising and left-rising flanks. So with regard to their geometrical …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… corresponds to an eight-shaped curve. The shape of the tooth trace depends primarily on the cutting process …” „… selected for the bevel gear teeth. According to ISO 23509, the cutting process of spiral bevel gears can …” „… Angeles [5] for the mathematical description of an octoidal gearing. Depending on the cutting process …”

J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Gear skiving of external gears with internally geared tools S. 1579-1590

„… . The impact of different tool diameters and axis crossing angles on cutting thickness and feed marks …” „… Tilt angle 60.2 34.7 44.6° 28.5° Feed rate (roughing, cutting thickness 0.3 mm) 56.3 mm/min 257.3 …” „… other is a tilt angle of 0° when parallel axes nullify the cutting movement along the flank. For small …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… the cutting edge. Very negative rake angles and high cutting thickness at the exit of the tool and …” „… low clearance angles and cutting thicknesses at the entrance lead to a narrow process window [2]. The …” „… cutting edge, increase the wedge angle and have no negative influence on chip formation [5, 6]. An …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, T. Monden, T. Kikuchi, K. Yoshikawa, A. Georgoussis Machining process solutions to support the reduction of distortion in ring gears after heat treatment S. 1635-1646

„… , a crossed axes angle is set and through rotation, the necessary cutting speed is achieved. [2 …” „… ] However, the effective rake angle of the tool becomes negative during cutting. As a result, the cutting …” „… Industries Machine Tool. It will show the potential for improving the efficiency of soft cutting processes …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… [7]. The cutting efficiency can be influenced by the shaft angle and tool offset [8]. Skiving can be …” „… ]. The effects of the shaft angle on cutting tool parameters are analyzed in [24]. In [25], Guo et al …” „… al.: Effects of shaft angle on cutting tool parameters in internal gear skiving. Journal of …”

H. Baour, P. Falbriard Micro skiving – (r)evolution of a known production process S. 1619-1634

„… : Cutting speed calculation Tool’s profile is adapted to the tilt angle intended for the cutting. Fig …” „… . 4: Cutter profile sample Tilt angle (Ai) is directly proportional with the cutting speed (Vc …” „… . Base principle Skiving is a machining process by chip removal allowing cutting by generation internal …”

X. Tian, Y. Wu, J. Han, L. Xia Online estimate and compensation of the gear machining error based on electronic gearbox cross-coupling controller S. 1835-XXVIII

„… proposed an online estimate and compensation method for the gear cutting error, based on an improved …” „… of the tooth profile error, pitch deviation, and spiral deviation through the gear cutting error …” „… , helix angle of the workpiece, spiral angle of the cutter. Furthermore, the parameters bK , yK and zK …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler Design and CnC manufacturing of face milled beveloid gears S. 379-390

„… with pitch angles of opposite signs to allow backlash adjustment by relative axial movement of the …” „… machine is the norm and offers flexibility in pressure and helix angles, crowning, profile shift, etc …” „… Axis CnC machine allows significant freedom in the choice of the module and operating pressure angle …”

A. L. Kapelevich, Y. V. Shekhtman Optimization of asymmetric tooth root generated with protuberance hob S. 403-414

„… angles should not be less than about 8°, otherwise the back angle of the protuberance cutting edge could …” „… and coast flank grinding stocks; d and c – drive and coast flank interim fillet profile angles …” „… pitch circle. The gear tooth profile and line AgBg are rotated by angle g relative to the gear center …”

K. Takaki, M. Sugimoto Optimization of hypoid gear macro/micro geometries for high efficiency drives, taking into consideration NVH and strength S. 367-378

„… 25 17 Gear face width (mm) 34 34 39 Spiral angle (deg) 46 46 46 Cutting method Face hob Face hob …” „… Spiral angle (deg) 50 46 Gear addendum (mm) 1.08 1.08 Gear dedendum (mm) 6.27 6.27 Cutting method Face …” „… geometries and micro geometries on friction loss was also investigated. Consequently, the spiral angle …”

M. Schrank, C. Kiesewetter-Marko, C. Lopenhaus, A. Epple, T. Bergs, C. Brecher Approach for modeling elasticity in the gear honing process S. 1697-1706

„… finishing with an undefined cutting edge is an established manufacturing step to achieve high and …” „… reproducible gear quality [2]. For hard finishing, several high performance processes with undefined cutting …” „… a cross axis angle Σ. Due to the process kinematics, the contact conditions in gear honing are …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… Acu [mm2] Chip cross-section area Nkin [1/mm2] Number of kinematic cutting edges Δl [mm] Contact …” „… cutting force measurements. It represents a local quantity of the instantaneous specific energy, depending …” „… the trials. In the surface grinding trials two factors were varied. Two levels of cutting speed were …”

L. Hui, X. Changl, Y. Shouw, L. Cheng, Z. Chen, L. Yu Research on Dynamic Drum Shape Modification of Helical Gear Pair S. 1011-1026

„… contains the helix angle parameter . In this paper, the helical gear pair is divided into N equal-width …” „… . Gear width is l ，helix angle is . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 20191012 l dO Z id Fig. 1 Gear pair …” „… sheet cutting schematic 2.1 Meshing position analysis For a pair of gear pairs, as long as the meshing …”

S. Detzel, Y. S. Krieger, M. F. Traeger, T. C. Lueth Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. 1401-1410

„… injection molding, laser cutting and casting are used to produce such gears [4]. The use of additive …” „… manufacturing technology, the presented work focuses on selective laser sintering (SLS) and laser cutting (LC …” „… circle and the end point on the tooth tip diameter. In addition, the polar angle of the end point must …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… , 20191604 Fig. 1: FMS for machining inner gear rings Gear Cutting Head for inner and outer gear rings …” „… cutting inner ring gears with form cutter, 75kW, 7000 Nm Each machine is equipped with a rotary table …” „… of 7000 Nm, and automatically pivots to the correct position for the helix angle of the gear. Each …”

B. Karpuschewski, D. Sackmann, M. Kochig, M. Beutner, F. Welzel Potentials and limits of gear hobbing with cooling lubricants S. 1591-1602

„… . Furthermore, the process is flexible regarding the number of teeth, the helical angle and the width of the …” „… showed different wear behaviours in the fly cutting analogy test. During hobbing with cooling lubricant …” „… machine and the emitted particles were examined for each lubricant and different cutting parameters. It …”

G.-T. Weber New possibilities for dry hard finishing of internal gears S. 1659-1664

„… honing. The cutting speed results from a cross axis angle between workpiece and tool. The tools are …” „… process enables hard machining for internal gears with a geometrically defined cutting edge without the …” „… internal and external gears has gone through a major change. Besides the conventional gear cutting …”

Y. Zhao, Q. Meng, Z. Yang Curvature interference characteristic of conical worm gear S. 607-618

„… indicates the cone angle of the conical abrasive wheel. Besides, the orientation of a n achieved above …” „… . 2.2 Cutting meshing of enveloping conical worm The unit vector o1 k of a static coordinate system …” „… present position, whose rotary angle is expressed by the notation . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 609 …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… , helix angle, number of teeth, and reference profile) must be defined and optimized based on the …” „… module and pressure angle (Symbols according ISO21771 [1]) can present a list of available tools when …” „… modules, pressure and helix angles, with different combinations of number of teeth and profile shift …”

T. Kahnenbley, G. Gravel Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears – Quick verification of the measurement precision S. 1813-1822

„… ] 71,89 Normal module mn [mm] 1,75 Addendum modification coefficient x [-] 0,26 Normal pressure angle …” „… αn [°] 15,00 Face width b [mm] 40,00 Helix angle ß [°] 25,75 The evaluation of the ripples is …” „… step by step from measured curves over the rotation angle and combined into a spectrum, as can be seen …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Co-simulation of the tooth contact of bevel gears within a multibody simulation S. 217-228

„… - flank-based local data (alpha, kappa, ...) Input - gear geometry - stage data - cutting settings Obtain …” „… - values (alpha, kappa, etc.)local Apply distribution functions - respect spiral angle - mirroring at …” „… angle are important, as the time-step computation uses those for the computation of the non-linear …”

P. Lopez Garcia, S. Crispel, T. Verstraten, E. Saerens, B. Vanderborght, D. Lefeber Wolfrom gearboxes for lightweight, human-centered robotics S. 753-764

„… , which have gradually taken over tasks like welding, gluing, laser-cutting or the assembly of small …” „… low-loss gears: balancing approach and recess paths and optimizing contact ratio, pressure angle and the …” „… .: History of the Gear-Cutting Machine. Massachusetts: 1958 [4] Müller, H. W.: Die Umlaufgetriebe. Berlin …”

B. Karpuschewski Detection of surface damages by non-destructive micromagnetic methods S. 1027-1038

„… without cutting the teeth. After identification of representative damage states, defined teeth were cut …” „… component was measured by using the standard sin²ψ method in χ-mode using 11 ψ-angles between -45° and +45 …” „… finishing gaps 1 – 47 gaps 1 – 47 cutting velocity vc m/s 35 35 number of strokes zH - 8 2 strokes in …”

R. Slatter Condition monitoring of gearboxes using magnetoresistive sensors S. 229-244

„… , 2019 231 measurement of path, angle or electrical current, or as an electronic compass (Fig. 3 …” „… measuring the angle, strength or gradient of a magnetic field. The effect discovered by Thomson was named …” „… monitoring of high-frequency spindles. Proc. of 7th HPC – CIRP Conference on High Performance Cutting …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

I. Moriwaki, R. Kikuchi, D. Iba, M. Nakamura, M. Nagatsuka Contact pattern control with simple cutter motion in face-milling of zerol bevel gears using 5-axis machine S. 1379-1390

„… machine settings Symbol -0.5, 0.5 -0.5 0.5 0 Cutting start Cutting end Blank rotation angle 0 -0.5 0.5 0 …” „… Cutting start Cutting end Blank rotation angle 0 1.4142 1.4108 1.4180 Cutting start Cutting end Blank …” „… . Introduction Progress in 5-axis machines causes cutting gears with them to be popular in these days [1]- [4 …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method S. 1331-1342

„… of each cutting blade surface by honing. Second, because less corrective force is applied in honing …” „… with a new and separate cutting blade. 2.1. Simulation procedure This section explains the …” „… procedure of the hobbing simulation. A) The coordinate points of each cutting blade are found from the hob …”

R. Saito, Y. Suzuki, K. Matsuo The effect on tooth root breakage strength of tooth root shapes resulting from differing hobbing conditions S. 733-740

„… number of threads on hobs and the feedrate during tooth cutting by hobbing and the effect these shape …” „… effects of the tooth root radius (R) determined by the tooth tip radius of the gear cutting tool and of …” „… described below. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017734 A) The coordinate points of each cutting blade are found …”

H. J. Stadtfeld Pentac®Mono-RT high performance face milling cutter heads S. 1113-1118

„… Figure 1 is manufactured with an outside cutting edge which duplicates the pressure angle and shape of …” „… than the top width of the full profile blade by an amount R. Tip edge radius and cutting edge on the …” „… right side of the Pentac®Mono blade are identical to inside cutting edge of the full profile blade …”

Y. Zhao Curvature interference characteristic of conical surface Enveloping Spiroid S. 835-844

„… the curvature interference is that the limit line does not exist really during the cutting mesh …” „… denotes the half taper angle of the conical grinding wheel. According to differential geometry, the unit …” „… curvatures of g can be figured down as 1 0k , 2 1 tan gk u . (4) 3. Cutting mesh analysis …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler CnC manufacturing of circular faced cylindrical gears S. 1343-1352

„… (angular or linear), work piece roll angle 3 and S, the position of a point along the edge of the cutter …” „… includes work and tool adjustments and movements found in gear cutting machines. In CnC machines, machine …” „… below represents the most general case in the cutting process simulation and is therefore the basis for …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… clean shear angle is lower than the target angle of 90°. A correction of cutting clearance towards small …” „… angle on the gearwheel’s mechanical properties will show, if a correction of cutting clearance is …” „… values shown in figure 1. The gearing’s module is 2.00 mm with a helix angle of 30°. The shaft is made …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… angle. The worm drive has been an active and challenging topic of technological study since Leonardo da …” „… wormgears depending on the lead angle of worm thread. If, however, the self-locking drive is subjected to …” „… an included angle equal to two times the pressure angle of the worm. After manufacturing, worms …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… general the dedendum-addendum size difference depends on module, number of teeth, pressure angle. For …” „… corresponding addendum of the E-gear. The starting pressure angle for the S-gears is 22o and that of the …” „… gears. 2. S-gear properties S-gears are defined by the cutting rack profile, which is of …”

E. Böyükbaş, H. J. Stadtfeld Surface structure shift for ground bevel gears S. 1391-1402

„… ]. Fig. 1: Micro flats on a ground flank surface under inclination angle t However, the surface …” „… lead. The contact zones are lines that lie under an inclination angle t like shown in Figure 1 …” „… because the grinding wheel surface represents a continuum of microscopic cutting edges. However …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… loads and contact lines as accurately as possible. The contact angle as well as the contact position in …” „… . In case of manufacturing with a hob or cutting wheel, the tooth root can be calculated as follows [8 …” „… contact lines [3]. In addition to the contact radii, the correct contact angles must be determined …”

S. Ishikawa, Y. Murayama, S. Kishi A strain wave gearing with a new profile of teeth S. 815-824

„… the following Eq. (6). 0.5 κ sin κ cos (6) A pressure angle and pressure angle of a tangent …” „… Eqs. (7)(8). tan 0.5 1 κ cosκ sin (7) tan 0.5 1 cossin (8) The pressure angles are thereby equated …” „… utilized for dimension management during cutting of the flexible external gear. 7. Conclusion By …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… process, the tooth root geometry, the heat treatment, cutting and finishing processes and residual …” „… Normal module 5 mm Normal pressure angle 28 ° Tool tip radius coefficient ∗ 0.375 Tool addendum …” „… angle ° 20 Tool basic rack profile Helix angle ° 0 Addendum ∗ - 1.294 Number of teeth Root …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… 2: ZCL-40A Technical data sheet. Maximum angle of rotation ± 99999.999° Loadable workpiece size …” „… of plastic gears. Parameters Values Module (mm) 1.0 Pres. angle (deg) 20 Number of teeth 48 …” „… Helix angle (deg) 0 Prof. shift coef. 0 Face width (mm) 5.0 Material PA66 Fig. 4: Crack …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… cutting conditions and in particular the effective rake angle. Reducing the cross-axis angle is initially …” „… angles in terms of process times. With smaller cross-axis angles, the cutting lengths are significantly …” „… cutting conditions, like local clearance angles, are acceptable. Furthermore, meshing interference, i.e …”

D. Matsuura, D. Hashioka, T. Kobayashi, H. Maki Generation Method of Polygonal Shaped Work Pieces Based on Gear Meshing Theory S. 1631-1640

„… cutting velocity along the tooth line occurs due to the existence of a stagger angle [3]. The vectors #1 …” „… gears which initially done by hob cutting and recently has been extended to “skiving” method. The …” „… to make the cutting happen, the work and tool pieces must be placed in a staggered position each …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… parameters as inputs; Gear cutting tools parameters (h_aP,h_tP, ),  Profile shifting coefficient (X),  Root …” „… ( ) and angle 𝛼 (Figure 1.) have been investigated as a starting point and the parameters are added to …” „… the model. Fig. 1: Cutting tool for modification (- solid standard - dashed modified) 2.1.1 …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… different materials by hobbing under dry cutting conditions was analyzed. The tool life and wear behavior of …” „… NiCrMoVBi7 in different quenching and tempering levels were machined using the fly-cutting method as an …” „… analogy to the hobbing process. To determine a target tool life the cutting speed was varied at a constant …”

K. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A. Domon Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber Orientation S. 1351-1360

„… width Pressure angleMetal gear(Driving) 0.8 17 8.00 20Plastic gear(Driven) 0.8 22 5.99 20The fatigue …” „… close to those of neat resin.Fig. 2 Difference of S-S curve due to fiber orientation and loading angle …” „… for each cutting direction. The conditions of the fatigue test are the same as in Table 3. The fatigue …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… associated standardised tooling with its limited range of modules and pressure angles. Therefore, not only is …” „… possible to specify any module, pressure angle, and addendum / dedendum proportion from an infinite sliding …” „… , a function of the EDM wire diameter (or cutting tool tip radius) used to cut the mould cavity …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… to a high precision spindle and a cross-axis angle. Since 2009, this process has been used for serial …” „… geometrically undefined cutting edges. Similarly to external generating gear grinding, the tool used in internal …” „… grinding wheel is obtained by a cross-axis angle φa, as shown in Fig. 1. The cross-axis angle would …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… . Another important feature is that they are suitable for backlash adjustments with cross-cone angles like …” „… produced from plastic with a 3D printer. According to a spur gear, it is the parameter cone angle deviation …” „… shrinkage. This forces the gear to deviate from the theoretically determined cone angle and operate at …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwon Design optimization of multi-stage gear trains with asymmetric teeth under a broad range of torques by incorporating multibody simulations S. 383-396

„… pressure angles to the drive side gear flank design at the expense of the coast side performance. This …” „… the performance benefit when a higher pressure angle side flank is used as the drive side that takes …” „… modules have been developed. First, a detailed asymmetric tooth geometry is computed based on the cutting …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… of teeth on the pinion while the helix angle increases. Even pinions with only down to one tooth are …” „… gears, it can be assumed that bending and twisting on pinions with few teeth and large helix angles have …” „… resulting mesh for a common bevel gear with a mean spiral angle 35° is pictured. Fig. 1: Hexahedral mesh …”

D. Yamazaki, D. Iba, J. Chong Low, I. Moriwaki Cross-correlation analysis among tooth profile and helix deviations S. 1273-1278

„… fabricated by generation cutting, the effect of various errors during machining is periodically distributed …” „… pressure angle [deg.] 15 Helix angle [deg.] R 31 Face width [mm] 24.5 Prof. shift coefficient 0 Table 2 …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… intersecting or at an angle to each other. They also enable the construction of backlash-free gears. An …” „… be produced on conventional gear cutting machines for cylindrical gears without having to make any …” „… shaft cross angles. For angles up to 15 degrees beveloid gears are the better solution since bevel gears …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… 0.1817Wheel 0.1715Pressure angle 20°Working pressure angle 22.4°Helix angle 0.0°Tooth correction Without …” „… series of defects over the DLD teeth’ edges. The intermittent shocks between the cutting tool and the …” „… following recommendations in ISO 21920-2 [19]. A TK300 pickup with a cone angle of 90°, a tip radius of 5 µm …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… into the cutting tool, the angle and diameter are chosen analogously to the skiving process. The tool …” „… , or larger helix angles. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1831Objective The main objective of this work is …” „… depends on the axis crossing angle and the tool diameter. As the aim is to integrate the burnishing tool …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… different pressure angles on both sides of the teeth, have improved the performance of involute gears and …” „… asymmetric gears and found that increasing the pressure angle can decrease the root bending stress of …” „… angle, thus improving the transmission efficiency of gear pairs. To sum up, gear parameter optimization …”

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sánchez Analysis of the tip interference in low gear ratio internal spur gears with profile modification S. 957-974

„… normal pressure angle, 𝛼 the generating pressure angle, the number of teeth, the base radius, and …” „… pitch point is: tan𝛼 (17) 𝛼 being the operating pressure angle, from Eqn. (13) the condition of no …” „… operating pressure angle depends on the operating center distance : cos𝛼 (19) The center distance is …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… . Here, the manufacturing restrictions are usually different from those of metal cutting processes …” „… into two directed distances. The two calculation variables 𝛼 and 𝛼 divide the sum angle into two …” „… directional angles. The values and VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231470 are calculated as the tangent function of …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… gear that is wider than the plastic gear to avoid the harder pinion cutting into the wheel. This aspect …” „… more similar than for spur gears. The helix angle factor Y has a positive effect here, as it considers …” „… out on the influence of the helix angle on the calculation results as well as on the geometric …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… of roll angles for both contact flanks of the gear pair [5]. The surfaces of roll angles allow to …” „… generated by simulating the face-hobbing cutting process, using the proposed model of [10]. Three gear pair …” „… [-] 16 41 Hand of spiral [-] LEFT RIGHT Mean spiral angle [deg.] 35.000 35.00 Mean normal module [mm …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… ValueNormal module ( ) 2.85 mm Number of teeth ( ) 21 Normal pressure angle ( ) 17.5 ° Helix angle ( ) 0 …” „… speed of 280 rpm, with an axial feed rate of 2.0 mm/rev, and a cutting speed of 88 mm/min. Once milled …” „… angle (156.1°) [12]. RS was calculated based on the diffractograms extracted from the acquired …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… orthogonal cutting on steel samples. Furthermore, Deng et al. [23] showcased the utility of HSC measurements …” „… [mm] 6 Pressure angle 20 Profile shift coefficient x1,2 0 Shaft diameter dh 6 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …” „… application on high-speed deformation measurement in shear cutting, in: Conference: International Conference …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… the diffractograms using the cos(α) method, along the 156° diffraction angle for the Fe-α …” „… study on material constitutive parameter identification for numerical cutting simulation on 16MnCr5 …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… oil level increase is done by cutting the oil expansion tank at the top and installing a meter measure …” „… coefficient and contact angle of the fluid and the solid are implemented in a second simulation. The data used …”

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wt Volume 110 (2020) Issue 10 ISSN Online: 1436-4980

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Adrian Schenek, Mathias Liewald Lochen mit Blechlagewinkel – Methodenoptimierung/Punching with a slant angle – a novel approach in process design S. 689-696

„… with a slant angle – a novel approach in process design Today, cutting surfaces achievable by …” „… industrial practicet, maximum slant angles applicable for shear cutting are therefore usually estimated …” „… , maximum slant angles applicable for shear cutting are therefore usually estimated rather conservatively …”

doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-10

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