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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears M.Sc. Erkka Virtanen, Prof. Mikko Kanerva, Tampere …” „… based on endurance tests performed on relatively small-size test gears and testing equipment, such as …” „… . This raises concerns regarding the assumptions on effects of size and fatigue limit of material in the …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… fatigue life testing of polymer gears. Another parameter to consider in root-fatigue evaluation is the …” „… based on data gathered through modal tests (ball-on-disc tribological test, fatigue bar testing) and …” „… , namely tensile testing, fatigue testing of specimen bars, and modal ball-on disc tribological test for …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… material fatigue data was collected from ultrasonic testing where strain rates will potentially be much …” „… look to ultrasonic fatigue testing as it is by far the fastest accelerated fatigue test method …” „… sinusoidal based fatigue testing the required test frequencies can be calculated to match the strain rates …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… ways of testing gears regarding tooth root fatigue strength. The first is testing on a running test …” „… . Dudley, „Results of a fifteen-year program of flexural fatigue testing of gear teeth.,“ J Eng Ind, p …” „… testing of gears. To increase the accuracy by the determination of the gear reliability and in order to …”

K. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A. Domon Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber Orientation S. 1351-1360

„… used for fatigue testing was first injection molded into a flat plate as shown in FIG 7, and then the …” „… Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber OrientationK. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A …” „… . Domon,Research & Development Department, Kuraray CO., LTD./ Genestar division, Tokyo, JapanAbstractFatigue is one …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications Premature tooth flank fatigue Dipl.-Ing …” „… ) [4] is described as a fatigue fracture originating deep below (2-3x CHD) the surface with critical …” „… WEC-mechanism. These differentiate into so called “cathodic WEC-fatigue” and “energetic WEC fatigue”. In this …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… . [25] ISO Standard. ISO/DIS 12107 Metallic materials-Fatigue testing-Statistical planning and analysis …” „… /10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_72/COVER. [6] Seabrook JB, Dudley DW. Results of a Fifteen-Year Program of Flexural Fatigue Testing …” „… Eingriffsbedingungen der Getriebestufe eines Lkws.Abstract Tooth root fatigue fracture is one of the most critical gear …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… exhibit long service life and exceptional fatigue resistance to bending [1]. However, recently plastic …” „… out aiming to improve the load bearing capacity of plastic gears in terms of mechanical fatigue, wear …” „… balanced combination of properties, increased stiffness and strength, resistance to creep and fatigue, and …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… stress calculation standards and the use of mechanical testing of representative injection moulded …” „… benefits in root bending fatigue resistance. Injection moulded gear teeth all have a degree of tip rounding …” „… the calculated root stress with known fatigue limits in common polymer materials. Neither VDI …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… correction on the metal gear is a tradeoff of short term strength requirements and fatigue life so the …” „… the fatigue limit. Fig. 4: FEA analisys of optimized mesh 2.2 Tip modification The tendency of plastic …” „… testing due to high contact pressure in the area of the root of plastic gear as shown in Fig. 5. The …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… is practically impossible to verify the life of a mechanical element through testing as much as the …” „… within a shortened time by testing under harsher load environmental conditions than existing use …” „… corresponding fatigue damage index. The second method is to calculate the gear or bearing damage according to …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… Momcilovic, Institute for material testing IMS, Belgrade, Serbia AbstractDuring the last decades, the …” „… successfully used for selection the tooth root design with optimal stress gradients respected on fatigue. The …” „… fatigue strength of standard smooth specimens of the material, and Kth is fatigue threshold stress …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) range must be known as precisely as possible. Most VHCF SN-curve …” „… concepts show a continuously decreasing fatigue strength, so VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 109that a …” „… consideration of a constant fatigue strength level does not meet the material behaviour. A life prediction model …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… fatigue strength of 17-4PH BJT gears are investigated and the results are summarized in a SN-curve. In …” „… problems [21]. After manufacturing, both the fatigue strength and the endurance strength of the gears were …” „… were performed on a pulsator test rig. With regard to the fatigue strength, the endurable double …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… various forms of damage and failure, encompassing fatigue cracks at the tooth root or on the active flank …” „… accelerating gear wear testing, which is often tedious to perform and, in some cases, subjective to human …” „… the testing described in the following pages was selected in line with the noted studies. Here, the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , GermanyFatigue testing of large sized bevel gears 897E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, Tampere University, Faculty of …” „… a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength 53I. Hong, D. Talbot, Gear and …” „… Industrial and Automotive Drivetrains (IFA), Ruhr-University Bochum, GermanyOn the Testing of Flank Fracture …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears Dipl.-Ing. Thi Tra My Truong …” „… form of fatigue or sudden failure due to overload. The latter however will not be investigated in this …” „… relation with the load capacity or rather fatigue strength for uniaxial alternating load 𝜎 . The …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… and not only a required final testing phase. Dedicated test campaigns, simulation strategies and …” „… , a detailed evaluation through specific simulations and testing evidences is necessary, ensuring …” „… Contact Fatigue (RCF) phenomena can initiate cracks in integral bearing races of rotor drive system …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… testing approachesB. Devaux, Solvay Material Science Application Center, Solvay Sa., Brussels, Belgium; C …” „… physical testing for future customer applications. This FE method involves the notion of wear energy …” „… tribology setups …), characterize wear and fatigue performances of specialty polymer gears and finally …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… forms of damage are Pitting, Flank breakage, Scuffing and Micro pitting. Pitting is fatigue damage on …” „… and the propagates in the depth direction. Flank breakage is a sub-surface fatigue failure that …” „… is not a continuous fatigue process, but rather a spontaneous failure which can also occur after a …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… surface, the micro-notch effect is reduced and the total fatigue strength is significantly increased. But …” „… capacity of small-modulus gears that can be achieved by shot peening. Another method for increasing fatigue …” „… Hoffmeister and Hermes showed an increase in fatigue strength of up to 65% for shot peened gears [11]. This is …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… . Waight, “Basic principles of disc and gear testing-machine design,” Proc Instn Mech Engrs, vol. 182, no …” „… from spur gears [4], testing helical gears would be more representative to many real applications …” „… and evaluation repeatability were assessed by repeated testing in this investigation. In the future …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… gearbox is running in finite life fatigue. Otherwise, the gearbox is operating within endurance range. 𝑖 …” „… a utilization above 100%, which means that these gear units are operating in finite life fatigue …” „… . The low utilization of the gearing shows that another gearing with lower fatigue limit would be …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… the reliable design of plastic gears. Knowledge on material properties (such as fatigue strength, wear …” „… grade was e25 (DIN 3967 [13]), with tooth thickness tolerances -0.03/-0.06 mm. Gear testing was …” „… conducted on a dedicated gear testing rig presented in Fig. 5. The gear testing rig was positioned in a …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… condition. 2. Gear friction coefficient 2.1 Gear efficiency testing machine In this study, the gear friction …” „… gear-testing machine, wherein the twist mechanism loads an initial torque into the circuit, and the …” „… effect of roughness on fatigue life in mixed-EHL contact. Tribology transactions, 46(2), 2003, pp …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… reference rack was achieved, but the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231548testing conditions barely replicate real …” „… allowing a free thermal expansion of the testing sample. The rack tooth is made of POM for all test …” „… restricting the movement. To establish the desired tooth flank testing position, a proper tool with a width …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… surface integrity or fatigue behavior. On the other hand, Robatto (2021) studied the processability of 20 …” „… variables such as laser power, scan speed, and hatch spacing. Considering that gears are prone to fatigue …” „… ] HANDBOOK, A. S. M. Vol. 4: Heat Treating. ASM international, v. 10, 1991. [12] AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… entrainment velocity. The developed LOL testing procedure revealed a strong influence of the frictional energy …” „… fatigue strength, was selected with a transversally ground surface topography. The hardening profiles …” „… determined perpendicular to the testing surface in radially cut metallic cross sections confirmed a hardening …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… test methods are reached. In order to ensure testing highly additivated hypoid oils as close as …” „… number of different test methods for testing the scuffing load carrying capacity of gear oils. However …” „… of the scuffing load carrying capacity of high additivated hypoid oils. In addition to testing gear …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… grinding burn [11]. As a part of the testing procedure involved using polished samples, the polishing …” „… highest H³/E² value was selected to be further explored by tribological testing, presented in Figure 4 …” „… . [2] Hailu H. et al. Design and fatigue analysis of an E-drive transmission system of single-speed …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… influence due to the short testing time. Gear specimensThe injection molded plastic gears were molded in a …” „… of 0.2 Nm the PA46 gears in this setup can run without root stress fatigue failure or excessive wear …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… their significance to rolling bearing failures. International Journal of Fatigue 120, (2019), p. 107-133 …” „… lubricants by means of impedance measurement and breakdown testing and prelimenary examination for a …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… that strength and fatigue load are not a concern [11]. But the relative motion between the touching …” „… modifications during the test are rarely possible. The main disadvantage of experimental testing, however, is …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… damage mechanism in the form of wear also differs from the fatigue be-havior of a fluid-lubricated …” „… Cmod-gear– m = 4.5 mm– z1/2 = 16 / 24– bRoot = 20 mm– bContact = 10 mmTesting parameters– Speed n1/2 …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… important role in the design of structures to minimize noise, structural instability, and fatigue failure of …” „… Testing, Vol. 25, pp. 56–62, 2006. [16] Sharma, A., Aggarwal, M.L., and Singh, L.: Experimental …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

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F. Lubos, Z. Roth Bionic tooth root: fatigue testing and potential on gear units S. 47-56

„… : fatigue testing and potential on gear units Dipl.-Ing. Florian Lubos, Dipl.-Ing. Zsolt Roth, VDI, J …” „… case-hardening steel 16MnCr5. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 201950 The aim of all tests is to determine the fatigue …” „… tests are therefore carried out using the stair step method. The fatigue limit is defined as 6·106 load …”

E. Lothman, L. Kamjou, E. Claesson Gear performance beyond current standards – Implementing increased material fatigue performance in gears S. 915-924

„… steels Steel performance is often evaluated using rotating bending fatigue testing. Inclusions act as …” „… fatigue testing. Included in this investigation were a continuous cast variant, an ingot cast clean steel …” „… cleanliness impact on fatigue limit from immersed ultrasonic testing. Having the possibility to …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… constant load and temperature are the primary testing variables, fatigue behavior is more challenging to …” „… high molecular weight resins, are a preferred material of choice for gears due to their fatigue and …” „… fatigue and creep and present results on the effect of loading frequency and stress induced self-heating …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… 0.29 * 0.06% Sn was added VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019884 After fatigue testing, the fracture …” „… tension-compression fatigue testing were prepared from thick-walled planetary carriers. Accompanying microstructural …” „… necessary. This allows for reduced safety margins. In this study, fatigue tests and accompanying …”

D. Kurten, A. Kailer Hydrogen embrittlement of oil lubricated contacts S. 681-688

„… fatigue, vaccum tribology, lubricant degradation, lubricantion, pin on disk sliding test, CRTB 1 …” „… sliding speed, the amount of diffusible hydrogen increases (Fig. 1b)). 3. Rolling contact fatigue tests …” „… in a test frame of a universal testing machine. The test rig is equipped with an acoustic damage …”

J.-A. Meis, F. Teklote, M. Borowski Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process and size effects S. 161-172

„… fatigue testing is usually performed VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019166 using the staircase method, which …” „… from these gears and testing on component level would be very cost intensive. Therefore, at Flender a …” „… as a digital twin of performance and enables the prediction of the fatigue behavior of tooth roots …”

N. Yildirim, M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, B. Karatas Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization S. 959-972

„… for testing both gear root types. The load capacity of the pulsating type servo hydraulic fatigue …” „… testing machine is 200kN. For fatigue tests, cyclic compressive load with R value of 0.1 (Fmin/Fmax) is …” „… Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… calculation. Based on the observed gap, improvements on strength, fatigue and wear measurement techniques are …” „… heavily reliant on prototype testing and knowledge gained from the past [6]. In the last decade …” „… are wear, fatigue, and plastic flow due to material creep or elevated temperature exposure. Fig. 1 …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… ) resulting in no WEC failure even after 1000 h of testing, while another experiment with a lubricant …” „… antiwear additives resulted in WEC failure after 40 hours of testing [22]. Paladugu et al. also performed …” „… and testing guided by previous experience and domain knowledge. The inner workings of how ANN …”

M. Uhlig, C. Pastor Simulation tool-chain for plastic gear design S. 1453-1460

„… requirements. Fatigue assessment based on process simulation, structural FE calculation and local stress …” „… evaluated directly or serve as input for further simulation tools. With reference to the use case, fatigue …” „… gear introduced above, fatigue calculation for raw material selection and tribology simulation for …”

K. Humm, M.-S. Wirth, A. Linnemann, T. Schalk Determination of fatigue strength of plastic gears under consideration of environmental influences S. 1291-1298

„… Determination of fatigue strength of plastic gears under consideration of environmental influences …” „… , the fatigue strength of plastic gears depends on environmental influences such as temperature and …” „… . This leads to an increased testing effort with costly and time-consuming development loops. This paper …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Flank load carrying capacity of oil-lubricated high performance plastic gears – Analysis of the pitting development in back-to-back tests S. 1379-1390

„… can be prevented under sufficient lubricating conditions. However, fatigue damages such as pitting on …” „… the rolling contact fatigue strength are based on those for the calculation of steel gears acc. to DIN …” „… load carrying capacity of PEEK extensive experimental back-to-back testing is performed at different …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… stressed bevel and hypoid gears is micropitting. It is characterized by very small, fatigue …” „… flank and therefore leads to a fatigue crack. Thus, flank areas where high Hertzian stresses and high …” „… gears, the test runs have been carried out until a first pitting failure occurred or until the fatigue …”

E. Bergstedt, U. Olofsson, J. Lin, P. Lindholm Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life S. 3-14

„… the main gear rolling contact fatigue modes. It is widely accepted that micropitting will lead to …” „… components the surface roughness has been proven to directly influence the surface fatigue [1]. Micropitting …” „… and pitting are the two main reasons for surface fatigue failure of gear tooth flanks. Multiple …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… , theoretical wear coefficients from gear testing are calculated and compared with the pin-on-disc results …” „… , root and flank fatigue are checked but also static root strength and the wear possibility [1 …” „… . on a standard tribological pin-on-disc testing device where a polymer pin was sliding against the …”

J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Optimized tooth root strength by controlled shot peening S. 137-148

„… . Therefor fatigue tests were performed and the nominal stress values σF lim were calculated. The resulting …” „… , fatigue, gears Introduction In addition to the heat treatment shot peening represents the greatest …” „… order to improve certain properties of the component, such as fatigue strength. For example, the …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… 1. Abstract This paper describes the development and testing of gears based on …” „… high with superimposed shear stress; pitting is the result of fatigue of the material in the …” „… fatigue of the material in the near-surface are . The pitting is also effected by the shear stresse and …”

B. Karpuschewski, T. Lierse, S. Schulze Inline-deep rolling – a new approach to increase tooth root load capacity S. 1787-1798

„… a silhouette, which often occurs during pulsator testing [6 through 9]. To increase fatigue …” „… fatigue strength. As a reason for these results, further residual stress measurements in the adjoining …” „… separately. In this way, Liebisch achieved with the optimized roller shape a maximum increase in fatigue …”

J. Tavčar, J. Kos, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik A multi-criteria polymer gears design optimisation procedure S. 1473-1484

„… reliable dimensioning of polymer gears due to the lack of accurate data on the fatigue strength of polymer …” „… data obtained by the user. A method for obtaining material fatigue strength was developed, the results …” „… serial product testing) σF = (KFx) ·Ft / (b · mn) σH = (ZHx) sqrt (Ft ·KH ·(u+1) / (b ·d1 ·u) ) Wm …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… tooth root: fatigue testing and potential on gear units …” „… ., Ltd., Japan Optimized electrified drivetrains and duty cycle testing methods related to future …” „… current standards – Implementing increased material fatigue performance in gears …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… gear’s load carrying capacity was researched. The testing machine was an FZG standard back-to-back test …” „… simultaneously due to hardware availability issues at the testing site. Thus, different tests are shown which …” „… are named experiment A and B; but test gear geometry and testing conditions are equal. Both tests …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… fatigue and discomfort, improvement and research for reducing gear rattle noise are required. Generally …” „… the torsional damper. Through simulation and testing, gear rattle noise with dynamic behavior of the …” „… study, labtest equipment for rattle testing was constructed to only focus on the gear rattle noise …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… least the test gear in VDI has a benefit to reduce the testing time. Note that the test gear in VDI has …” „… Overlap ratio , Ambient temperature C Tooth root stress N/mm2 Fatigue strength (nominal root …” „… stress) N/mm2 Fatigue strength of the required number of load cycles N/mm2 Permissible tooth root …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - PIAE Europe 2023

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PIAE Europe 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2418 2023

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G. J. Anderson Dynamic Fatigue Testing of Polyamide 6 – The Determination of S-N Curves for an Anisotropic Glass Filled PA6 S. 371-382

„… Fatigue TestingThe apparatus used was a fully electric Instron Electropuls 10000. Based at the Teknor Apex …” „… Dynamic Fatigue Testing of Polyamide 6 The Determination of S-N Curves for an Anisotropic Glass …” „… mechanical strength and failure. Engineers can use fatigue testing to predict the fatigue life at a given …”

W. Hübsch, H. Dannbauer, C. Gaier, S. Fischmeister Development process of short-fiber-reinforced plastic components with regard to structural durability S. 301-320

„… on the fatigue behavior of short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics], Materials Testing, vol. 52 …” „… fiberorientation and weld lines. The process to ensure a reliable structural durability (fatigue strength) analysis …” „… limited regarding the fatigue behavior of short-fiber-reinforced plastics. It is therefore difficult to …”

W. Hübsch, H. Dannbauer, C. Gaier, S. Fischmeister Entwicklungsprozess kurzfaserverstärkter Kunststoffkomponenten bezüglich Betriebsfestigkeit S. 321-342

„… ., “Integrating the Results from Process Simulation into Fatigue Life Analysis“, NAFEMS-Seminar, Wiesbaden, 2003 …” „… ., “Coupling Forming Simulation and Fatigue Life Prediction of Vehicle Components”, NAFEMS World Congress …” „… , Malta, 2005. [16] Gaier C., Steinwender G., Dannbauer H., "FEMFAT-MAX: A FE-Postprocessor for Fa-tigue …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… . Gleich, inpro, BerlinDynamic Fatigue Testing of Polyamide 6 – The Determination of S-N Curves for an …” „… , DarmstadtQualification of recyclates – News from standardization and testing 457Qualifizierung von Rezyklaten …”

H. Häberle Use of plastic in the new MAN truck – sustainable solutions, also through the use of recyclates S. 83-92

„… painted bumper scrap, which received approval after successful testing. Depending on the bumper color …” „… years. At the end of 2020, after extensive testing with regard to operational strength, environmental …” „… the assembly can now be filled reliably. Now that the FEM simulation and a repeat of the fatigue …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024188

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2021

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2380 2021

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T. Mrazek, K. Puchner, D. Übellacker Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with measurement data acquisition S. 73-80

„… Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation …” „… , virtual iteration and component testing together with measurement data acquisition Dipl.-Ing. Dr …” „… analysis. Together with the fatigue life analysis, the maturity of the product was confirmed. The basis …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski, IAV GmbH, Gifhorn Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle …” „… frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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International Conference on Gears 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

I. Hong, Z. Teaford, A. Kahraman A comparison of gear tooth bending fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests S. 45-74

„… application and service time. Fatigue testing on gear specimens has been preferred metric on which to base …” „… used for this purpose. STB type tests generally form the large majority of gear fatigue testing due to …” „… gear tooth bending fatigue testing performed. Many adaptations can be found in literature either using …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Improved method for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 31-44

„… targeted testing of gear drives also involves a great amount of effort and uncertainties. Due to economic …” „… considerations, significant compromises have to be made in terms of testing time or number of test specimens. The …” „… the tooth root fatigue strength with a good approximation of the standard deviation at minimum cost …”

L. Bonaiti, F. Rosa, P. Mahendra Rao, C. Gorla, F. Concli Gear root bending strength: statistical treatment of single tooth bending fatigue tests results S. 15-30

„… life. The available testing methodologies for the tooth root bending fatigue strength are running …” „… Gear root bending strength: statistical treatment of Single Tooth Bending Fatigue tests results …” „… bending fatigue is one of the most dangerous failure modes in gears. Therefore, the precise definition of …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… turbo gearbox applications. The lack of testing concepts and models for Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF …” „… lack of testing concepts and models for very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) gear applications leads to …” „… Test Rig Concept for High Power VHCF Gear Testing Moritz Zalfen, M.Sc., Johannes Lövenich, Oscar …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… fatigue testing for three 18CrNiMo7-6 steels with different performance levels. The material investigation …” „… : Schematic picture of FZG back-to-back gear test rig (ISO 2000)Fatigue testing procedure Considering the …” „… fatigue performance. In a recent series of tests in an FZG back-to-back rig on running gears, the …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… to include additional fatigue data in the future guideline or standard for plastic gears. The testing …” „… plastic gears in prototype testing. The research and development in the field of plastic gears has …” „… testing. But this is not the case. On the other hand, when using the mentioned modified equation taking …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… to adopt reliable testing and calculation methods. This paper gives a brief overview of the …” „… such as melting or fatigue dam-age due to reduced gear strength at elevated tempera-tures. Particularly …” „… determining the tooth root load carrying capacity. The fatigue strength σFlimN thereby differs for each type …”

P. Mahendra Rao, S. Foletti, L. Bonaiti, C. Gorla, S. Beretta, F. Concli Mode III threshold under rolling contact fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet gears S. 499-510

„… Mode III threshold under Rolling Contact Fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet …” „… Contact Fatigue (RCF) in integrated thin-rimmed planetary gears and its integrated bearings, and the …” „… design and development of a test gearbox for the full-scale testing of such a 3-gear train planet gears …”

S. A. Bohme, J. Keski-Rahkonen, T. Komssi A standardizable approach to tooth flank fracture S. 371-388

„… link theoryrelies on the measured relative standard deviation during fatigue testing (srel = 4% for the …” „… carburised CrNiMo steel: Testing and modelling concept”. In: Fatigue& Fracture of Engineering Materials …” „… with nonconstant standard deviation and a fatigue limit parameter”. In: Journal of Testing and …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… temperature was measured during testing with a thermal camera. The damage on gears was monitored every 2 …” „… million cycles of testing using a high-resolution, optical digital microscope. Five such test runs were …” „… gear failure occurred after a long operating period of progressive fatigue damage and abrasive wear …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… tests, like standard tensile bar testing (static and fatigue) or also simplified gear test results, into …” „… Predicting Static and Fatigue Performance of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Gears Ir. Benjamin van …” „… This paper describes a framework to predict the static and fatigue performance of plastic gears …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… = 0,145 m/sTwo Stepsof TestingIncrease ofTurning SpeedHysteresis(Running-In)Disk-on-Disk Test …” „… test rig as an analogy test is used. The advantages compared to gear testing are the defined contact …” „… change of the surface roughness during testing. Because of the different influence on the surface caused …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… tooth meshings of gears (a) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 145State of the art in gear testing and …” „… comparative investigations regarding wear and fatigue of highly stressed gears for their targeted and fast …” „… , the local power losses and energy inputs lead to complex, mutually interacting wear and fatigue …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… determined theoretically and has to be determined by physical testing. A well-established test procedure to …” „… determined theoretically and has to be determined by physical testing under suitable test conditions. The …” „… cracks, and is therefore a surface fatigue phenomenon. [1] Micropitting occurs primarily in the area of …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… ] that during polymer gear fatigue life testing, the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221258temperature should be …” „… Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears M.Sc. Ing …” „… polymer gears, (2) root fatigue of polymer gears, and (3) gear operation kinematics and geometry. However …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… mm f Gear strength testingIn situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating …” „… strengthGear root bending strength: statistical treatment of single tooth bending fatigue tests results …” „… fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… and corrosion. For that purpose, they shall resist pitting, fretting fatigue and abrasion of the tooth …” „… fatigue resistance - Good thermal conductivity for heat transfer - Self-locking ability - Wetting by …” „… composition and its heterogeneous microstructures the alloy also provides high strength and fatigue strength …”

U. Kissling Generation of a torque spectrum from measured torque-speed-time data S. 533-544

„… drive system, preferably accompanied by experimental testing to validate the calculation. In the …” „… spectrum (also called ‘duty cycle’) for fatigue damage calculation must be obtained. With the load spectrum …” „… in ISO6336-6, table 4 [1]. To obtain the load spectra for fatigue damage calculation, the range of …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… level and the gear size. In order to achieve a high fatigue resistance and durability of nitrided gears …” „… flank fatigue strength, individual investigations have been carried out on nitrided gears over the past …” „… determine the hardness depth profile on the cross-section of each variant. The testing points were set …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… reduction of the tooth cross-section and thus limits the lifetime. Due to the reduction in wear, fatigue …” „… . Experimental investigation of flank load carrying capacityTo investigate the damage mechanism and fatigue …” „… characteristics, single-stage fatigue tests are carried out in the back-to-back test rig. All load carrying …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… requirements of the VDI 2736-4. The paper describes the testing procedure, showing how data are acquired and …” „… . Therefore, knowledge of the bending fatigue limits of the gearing material in relation to temperature is …” „… motor used for the driven gear (plastic, subject to testing), which acts as a brake with recirculation …”

T. Ohno, R. Greschert, J. Brimmers The influence of material roughness, hardness and lubricant additives on micropitting behaviour of gears S. 621-636

„… Aachen University, Germany Abstract Regarding micropitting, which is one of the fatigue damages that …” „… conditions micropitting, a form of fatigue damage, becomes a problem and can lead to serious breakages if it …” „… measurement conditions are shown in Table 2. According to testing standards, test gears do not have a tooth …”

I. Moriwaki, K. Tatsuoka, K. Kobayashi, W. Nakamoto, D. Iba, A. Ueda Load-capacity evaluation of polyacetal (POM) internal gears according to JIS B 1759:2016 S. 1161-1172

„… = 24z Fig. 2: Example Photographs of tooth root fatigue breakage VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221164The …” „… affects much more slightly fatigue property than the permissible bending stress. Fig, 3: S-N Diagram …” „… Rig-based Testing of Flank Load-Carrying Capacity Internal Gears, GEARTECHNOLOGY, June/July 2012, pp.60-69 …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… of a mating steel/POM gear pair. Testing conditions, gear geometry, and testing arrangement are …” „… described. POM gears were inspected during testing and wear was measured. So, wear development along the …” „… fatigue, flank fracture, excessive wear, pitting), whereas thermal failure due to overheating is …”

M. Weigand, C. Gachot Improved rotorcraft drivetrain safety and related research with special focus on improved lubricants for rotorcraft transmissions S. 561-572

„… aviation requires experimental proof and testing (see esp. [9], [10]), the research unit operates a …” „… research unit Transmissions for Aviation at TU Wien. TU Wien is testing these new chip detectors on its …” „… .; Emmerling, St.: The EC135 Drive Train. Analysis and Improvement of the Fatigue Strength ECD-0159-07-PUB …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… deformation, tooth root fracture due to fatigue, surface breakdown, and abrasive wear also play a role …” „… testing to determine the gear losses as well as the load carrying capacity of plastic gears paired with …” „… ) Accelerated lifetime testing of reinforced polymer gears. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and …”

T. Matsumura, K. Mioki, M. Kada, R. Okuizumi, A. Pogačnik Improved calculation methodology for the prediction of tooth temperature of plastic gears S. 1237-1248

„… higher-accuracy of the fatigue life prediction. 2. Experimental 2.1 Test gear specifications The specification …” „… efficiency, gear tribological test were conducted on the gear testing ma-chine (Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., Japan …” „… deformation was determined by measuring the rotation of the shaft angle. Fig. 2: Gear testing system for …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… improve-ment of 3 dB in comparison to cast iron steel could be observed in the testing of PEEK gears with …” „… single gear geometry. The required flexibility VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221048for the testing of several …” „… this method for testing in high-speed operating points. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1049Validation …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… toughness. With a tensile strength of 1250 MPa and a tensile/compression fatigue strength of 500 MPa …” „… gearsDimensionTestingFunctionalintegrationCooling strategyVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1347and simple production, easily controllable heat treatment …” „… ]. The surface quality of the LPBF process is a key issue regarding fatigue, due to the notching effect …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… ]. Furthermore, the type of damage differs from the fatigue damage in the liquid-lubricated rolling contact. The …” „… approach Testing Method The primary challenges in the experimental investigation of tooth flank contact …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… lubricant and its additives. Accordingly, and in contrast to fatigue damages, a single momentary overload …” „… ., Frankfurt/Main. [30] DIN 51354-2:1990-04 (1990) Testing of lubricants - FZG gear test rig - method A/8,3/90 for …”

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