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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… ~ 1,8. 2 Wolfrom transmission with low-loss-gears The Wolfrom transmission is a reduced planetary gear …” „… low-Loss-gears by 2 different applicationProf. i. R. Dr.-Ing. B.-R. Höhn, TUM emeritus of excellence, TUM School …” „… . M. Geitner, Dr.-Ing. M. OttoAbstractLow-loss-gears [8] can be used for all types of gears to reduce …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar Improvement of the transmission efficiency in electric vehicles by using double staggered helical gears with shortened teeth S. 1083-1090

„… power density [1]. Nowadays, there is an area of research directed to get low-loss gears. These gears …” „… modules, high pressure angles, and small transverse contact ratios. In [2], low-loss gears are analyzed in …” „… low-loss gear drives to show that the effect of low-loss geometry is very small in the overall frictional …”

T. Inoue, D. Iba, N. Fujita, A. Nishikawa, M. Ishii, J. Hu, H. Shimasaki, N. Miura, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki, J. Hongu Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on Plastic Gears S. 659-674

„… ) Of the two resonance characteristics that appear in the return loss of the smart gear, the lower …” „… . The results revealed two resonance points below 0.5 GHz in the return loss of the smart gear, and the …” „… concept of a gear monitoring system that can be manufactured quickly and at a low cost and that does not …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… defined in Table 1. The H501 is a standard helical gear while the H951 is a “low loss” helical gear pair …” „… gear with low dynamic excitation would be the ideal gear for power loss studies of the lubricant. The …” „… safety factor gear that when compared with the IOR55 has lower helix angle, safety factors and power loss …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… of gearboxes, the further viscosity reduction of gear oils to reduce splash and pumping losses is a …” „… operation is the increase in power density of gear units. Furthermore, the load-dependent gear losses in …” „… industrial gear units can account for a double-digit proportion of the total losses of a gear unit, depending …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… on Engineering Sciences, vol. 123, pp. 101–112, 2019. [77] F. Concli,Low-loss gears precision …” „… losses arise mainly in the contact surfaces of bearings (sub-index B) and gears (sub-index G). The second …” „… the art2.1 Analytical modelsThe load-independent power losses of gears PLG0 can be subdivided three …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… Wind loss by gearrotationLow Lubricant pump lossOther loss Gear acceleration lossLubricant acceleration …” „… an e-Axle. It aims to find new Low Fluid loss Low Lubricant agitation lossPower consumption Low …” „… friction Low Mechanical friction Low Tooth surface frictionGeometry optimization Gear specificationsLow …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… circuit; Tgearis the torque loss of one meshing gear pair; Tspin is the spin torque loss, including the …” „… were prepared for the test gears and power-circulating gears, and the gear torque loss of one pair of …” „… ground gears Tgear,G was VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 755obtained. The torque loss of the other …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… ] Concli F. Low-loss gears precision planetary gearboxes: reduction of the load dependent power losses and …” „… ) to analyze the fluid flow and evaluate the power losses for a wide range of gear unit variants in …” „… about the wetting of components, the power losses [2 - 4] and the heat dissipation of gear units, it is …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry Dr. M …” „… Power losses in gear transmissions are traditionally separated into load-dependent and load independent …” „… losses can become substantial for high-speed gears. Among these losses, the so-called windage power …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… , Newcastle University, United Kingdom Abstract Improving gear efficiency, i.e. reducing gear power loss, is …” „… efficiencies based on measured rig power loss. The effect of gear surface engineering on the efficiencies was …” „… to gears while running. Key words Efficiency, power loss, involute, gearbox, gear mesh, helical gear …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwon Design optimization of multi-stage gear trains with asymmetric teeth under a broad range of torques by incorporating multibody simulations S. 383-396

„… lower mesh power losses by using asymmetric gear design. References [1] Miler, D. and Hoi , M …” „… gear excitation forces and mesh power loss in a multi-power flow operating condition while the gear …” „… important NVH performance criterion are the transmission error and the total gear mesh power loss. • Since a …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… behavior, or LCR (low contact ratio) gears for low power loss applications. Furthermore, profile and flank …” „… fulfillment of the requested lifetime. But low vibration/noise behavior or low power loss may be as important …” „… wants the modifications as defined, e.g. especially for low-vibration gear sizing for EV applications …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Experimental Investigation of Aerospace-Quality Gears Operating in Loss-of-Lubrication Condition, Gear …” „… frictional behaviour in injection lubricated and loss of lubrication conditions in rolling-sliding contacts …” „… Sekundärschmiersystemen zur Folge haben, verschärft, denn daraus resultieren LOL-Bedingungen (Loss of Lubrication …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of-LubricationDipl.-Ing. L. Braumann, Dr …” „… complexity and weight of the system. Therefore, alternative solutions for increasing gear lifetime in loss of …” „… For Disks & Gears In Loss Of Lubrication Methods for predicting gearbox life and performance under …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… the load-independent gear loss torques, which are part of the total power loss of the gearbox …” „… : 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 (1.1) The load-dependent gear power loss 𝑃 is thus included in the total …” „… losses along with the load-dependent bearing power loss 𝑃 , the load-independent gear power loss 𝑃 …”

H. Mahe Model based NVH design: e-bike application S. 1229-1238

„… : P5/F1 gear loss of contact 2-3-AnalysisAmong the free-plays in the system, the noisiest one is the P …” „… under load and constitutes the excitation of the gear whining. Despite its low level, this noise may be …” „… ) are at least 10dB lower than the gear whining orders of the standard definition (24 & 48). The gear …”

M. Yilmaz, M. Ayar, F. Zerulli, K. Humm, J. König, B. Schwarz Gearbox efficiency of eDrives: correlation between measurement and calculation of load-dependent torque losses S. 985-994

„… calculation of the load-dependent gear torque losses PLGP the mechanical output PIn, the mean gear coefficient …” „… torque losses from gears and bearings are mainly developed for conventional gearboxes and operating …” „… torque loss from bearings and gears is presented. 3.1 Bearing loss The load-dependent bearing loss is …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… torque loss of ground spur gears. Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 85 2021, 16 pp. 567–582. https://doi.org …” „… Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition Pedro Romio, M. Sc., INEGI – Institute …” „… micropitting and tooth root fatigue fracture, is one of several gear failure modes encountered in practical …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… [9] on wear behavior. ZC gears (according to [9]) exhibit lower operating wear in the usual …” „… with respect to wear capacity for worm gear drives. Furthermore, an efficient and low scatter …” „… for the disk tests and the worm gear tests:  16MnCr5 case hardened and grounded: lower disk and worm …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… previous studies. Arnaudov et al. mentioned the types of power losses in general gear trains which are …” „… these losses in three main sections as gear mesh losses, bearing losses and hydraulic losses, there are …” „… analysis is performed considering the kinematics available in the literature and then the gear mesh loss is …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… last decades, (i.e. events involving the loss of helicopters due to a failure of the drive system …” „… the failure detection system and the management of the emergency condition due to the loss of the …” „… supplied by the engines from high-speed and low-VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 633torque to low-speed and …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… taken into account, the torque losses are low and can be neglected. Fig. 5 shows an example of four …” „… and lower layer thicknesses in the lower part of the tooth flank. In the future, further gear …” „… Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears Sebastian Sklenak M. Eng …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… bevel gears when minimization of noise and frictional losses is essential. In the first part, a …” „… efficiency losses, noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). The efficiency of spiral bevel gears may be …” „… mixed and boundary lubrication, with the aim of investigating efficiency losses in hypoid gears. However …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… : Load-dependent gear power loss PVZ0 : Load-independent gear power loss PVLP : Load-dependent bearing power …” „… displacement behavior of hypoid and SPIROPLAN® angular stages is presented. Result-ing from a lower sensitivity …” „… gearboxes identifies the load-dependent gearing losses and the load-dependent bearing losses as crucial for …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… suitable for reducing losses and extending the durability of gears. However, pure MoS2 presents low …” „… overall system efficiency, reduced energy losses, and increased sustainability in gear mechanical systems …” „… PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel M.Sc. Angelo Carvalho, Prof. Dr. Ronnie …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… pair of low contact ratio spur gears with a time-varying meshing viscous damping with the inclusion of …” „… better NVH characteristics than the metal gears in light load powertrains due to their lower noise …” „… results in lower noise emission from the housing. Based on the load excitation imposed from gears, the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , Blankenfelde-Mahlow, GermanyEfficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application 13B.-R. Höhn, TUM …” „… and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears 779B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K …” „… losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry 785M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Univ Lyon …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… ] studied the effect of gear parameters on the thermal loss of gearboxes, and optimized the gear parameters …” „… of gear power loss factor, which is suitable for symmetric and asymmetric tooth. The results showed …” „… gear mesh power loss calculation model is established based on the gear slice meshing model, and the …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… generate low load-dependent gear power losses, they are particularly suitable for modern drive systems. As …” „… load-dependent power losses [3]. The performance of these gears is largely determined by the tooth root strength …” „… 42% to 66% [4]. For small-modulus gears, however, the low depth effect of the required fine-grained …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… of friction is given in Equation (5). It was derived from experimental gear power loss tests of …” „… their similar main geometry. The internal gear (Example 6) is characterized by significantly lower …” „… temperature on the resulting mean gear coefficient of friction is comparably low, see Fig. 5. The operating …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… one for weight loss evaluation;- Final geometry of the gear after testing, obtained by 3D scanning.2.3 …” „… teeth. Fig. 6: Gear #1 after testing The weight loss measured for the two tested gears (after washing to …” „… Ⓡ A-1133 HS Gear #1:o Initial weight (mean): 34.83613go Final weight (mean): 33.35704go Weight loss …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface Dr.-Ing …” „… high-performance gearboxes lead to increased specific loads of the slide-roll contacts in gears. In particular …” „… be improved by reducing gear friction due to isotropic superfinishing. However, in the state of the …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… load-dependent gear losses. Tribol Int 113, pp. 252–61 (2016). [25] Ziegltrum, A.; Lohner, T.; Stahl, K.: TEHL …” „… simulation on the influence of lubricants on the frictional losses of DLC coated gears. Lubricants 6. Volume …” „… Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions Michael …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… sections (low, medium, high, gear mesh order, very high) with different complexity of information. The key …” „… production. 1. The Challenge of Gear Production / Inspection in Mass ProductionThe loss of masking combustion …” „… is low cycle time – a well-established advantage across the global gear industry. An additional …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… as twist for both the pinion and gear. Table 1 outlines the upper and lower boundaries chosen for …” „… Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank …” „… Beveloid gears satisfy the relevant need in drive train technology to connect two shafts that are …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… the three gears, at 0.42 m/s. Furthermore, gear 1.3 experiences a slightly more substantial loss of …” „… and 8.9 ∙ for gear 1.1. Although spur gear 1.2 has lower computed values, the compressive stress …” „… the reference process 2.1, apart from a lower improvement concerning relative velocity regarding gear …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… tooth bending fatigue test technologies test at significantly lower strain rates than most gears will …” „… differences between the testing [14] which generally yields lower fatigue lives for meshing gears …” „… expected life at lower strain rates produced in gear meshing. 5. Declarations Funding: Not …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears M.Sc. Erkka Virtanen, Prof. Mikko Kanerva, Tampere …” „… Tampere, Finland; M.Sc. Gabor Szanti, ATA Gears Oy, Tampere, Finland; Abstract Gear-rating standards are …” „… based on endurance tests performed on relatively small-size test gears and testing equipment, such as …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… Prediction of the Load Independent Power Losses of Gears: Development of a Mesh-Handling Algorithm to Reduce …” „… , churning and pocketing power losses of gears: different modeling approaches for different goals. Forschung …” „… .: Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… . These lubricants exhibit a significantly lower environmental impact upon their release, as they are …” „… conventional gear oil and found that VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231196the viscosity increased and the …” „… properties of EV fluids and highlight low oxidation reactions as another important characteristic of these …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… area. The mesh density of the gear and tooth body is reduced since lower stresses occur there. In …” „… Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears M …” „… . Rothemund, M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. M. Otto, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Stahl,Gear Research Center (FZG), Technical University …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… . Polymer gears are typically characterised by low production cost, light weight and quiet operation; but …” „… critical not just because of the lower stiffness of polymer gears, but also because of the progressive …” „… tip diameter for gears with tip chamfers or corner rounding) [18] [19]. Due to the low stiffness of …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… gear rack tooth with an aluminium insert HT2 stands out for having a notorious progression with lower …” „… steady-state torque loss of ground spur gears,” Forsch Ingenieurwes, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 567–582, Jun. 2021 …” „… methods have been explored to improve the wear, friction, and thermal behaviour of polymer gears …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… 𝑅𝑅 applies as the lower limit of the definition for gear pairs with 0. 𝑅𝑅applies as the upper …” „… increased power loss and thus lower efficiency. Due to the use in short-time operation S2 regarding to IEC …” „… A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears Florian Eigner, imk …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in light-weight gears Ph.D. B …” „… The main objective of this paper is to analyse the dynamic behaviour of thin -rimmed/-webbed gears. A …” „… gear bodies. Finite elements are combined with condensed sub-structures, lumped parameter elements …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… test gear. If a "FAIL" occurs, one load stage lower is used. The load stages are documented in DIN ISO …” „… Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears …” „… Pellkofer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Gear Research Center (FZG) – Technical University of Munich …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears A. Beinstingel, Chair of …” „… aspect to a successful gear design. Since the main noise originates from the characteristic power …” „… transmission process of the mating gear teeth, the transfer path of the structure-borne sound is a complex …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

D. Schweigert, M. Mileti, B. Morhard, M. Sedlmair, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Innovative transmission concept for hyper-high-speed electromechanical powertrains S. I-541-I-554

„… . Especially for the fixed-speed sub-transmission, different gear designs (i.e. Reference, Low-Loss and …” „… represents a state of the art design with a high total overlap ratio ( and a low gear tooth loss factor …” „… Low-Loss gear design is represented in Fig. 7. The aim of the Low-Loss variant is to reduce …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… lower losses of mechanical components. Under consideration of useful material parameters, a gear step …” „… synchronous (WFSM) machines. An upshift, i. e. the change to a gear with a lower reduction ratio, will thus …” „… section of the speed profile, the lower the mechanical losses of the multi-speed concepts because of …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV S. I-295-I-312

„… characterized by low mechanical losses in the recuperation path. However, the operation point of the EM cannot …” „… possible with low effort. A model developed by [5] is used to generate transmission loss maps. It allows …” „… can operate independently without engine drag losses. In addition, it is possible to use all gears of …”

O. Simon, W. Heubner Triple wet clutch module and actuation system, shift cylinders and park lock for modern hybrid transmissions – Architecture and technical description of a triple wet clutch unit and the related active... S. I-471-I-482

„… low-pressure optimized motor pump reduces losses in the transmission by reduced friction in the gears and …” „… functions as park lock and gear shift cylinders. The actuation system is a Valeo innovation which considers …” „… the needs of DHTs. It can actuate three clutches and operate the shifting of the gears and park lock …”

A. Grunwald Transmission system footprint related to fatigue, efficiency and NVH S. I-367-I-384

„… e-drive application Low passive drag losses (e-machine & gearbox) at high speed, robust structure and …” „… sliding losses and destroy fatigue performance. Very tight packaging with low weight specification leads …” „… & hybrids are required to operate at very high speed, remaining lightweight with low power loss performance …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b... S. I-21-I-48

„… requirement concerning launch torque can be met even with a comparatively low gear ratio which is selected …” „… . The lowest gear ratio of the multi-speed transmission can still be chosen for high speed operation …” „… , the lowest gear ratio was set to 6.4. To meet the launch torque requirement with the gear ratio of …”

S. Kurokawa, M. Kunihisa, Y. Oyama Development of a new next-generation CVT for small cars S. I-385-I-396

„… in reverse gear had the effect of lowering the through low gear ratio in forward gears more than …” „… : Cross-sectional view of variator structure 4-3 Efforts to reduce mechanical losses Low-friction ball …” „… losses has resulted in a noticeable improvement especially in the low-speed range compared with the …”

C. Kim New next generation eight-speed automatic transmission for FWD vehicles S. I-397-I-410

„… increase the transmission efficiency, the clutch drag and oil pump loss was minimized and low friction …” „… vehicle power performance and fuel efficiency through expansion of gear span, efficiency improvement …” „… . Nevertheless, vehicle power performance and fuel economy has greatly improved through the expansion of gear …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… charged energy. Lower charged energy leads to lower losses by the charger. This can be a significant …” „… rarely discussed, since the characteristic map of an electric drive is so homogeneous that only low fuel …” „… and energy in. In the best case, without any losses, it is 100%. In conventional powertrains, the …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution S. III-19-III-28

„… . 11: Consumption with low-speed motor (REF) depending on Gear ratio As for the high-speed eMotor …” „… being more expensive to purchase than diesel ones the lower operating cost due to cheaper energy cost …” „… than 2 years. This will boost the adoption of EV trucks even in the areas that have low or no …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… always be a low pressure level necessary for gear lubrication. However, energy improvements with …” „… transmission consists of two transmissions responsible for either all even or odd gears. With overlap shifts …” „… the actuators for gear shifts itself. The lubrication of gears and bearings as well as cooling for …”

K. Hasegawa, D. Kosaka, S. Shimizu, K. Kawabata, H. Tsukashima Development of new hybrid AWD system for the SUV segment S. I-501-I-514

„… heat generation and gear engagement loss, by stopping motor drive when AWD control is not required …” „… to compensate for driving force loss that occurs when the main front driven wheels slip. To …” „… capable of compensating for front-wheel driving force loss at the rear wheels. Sufficient acceleration to …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… characteristics support downspeeding, i.e., driving at a low speed in high gears while having low fuel …” „… and pollutant emissions. For this reason, they are currently characterized primarily by low …” „… turbochargers. The latter improve powertrain performance and make high torques possible even at low engine …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… wheels resulting in low torque losses in electrical drive mode and recuperation. To keep the …” „… the wheels independently from gear actuation. The negative effect of propulsion torque loss during …” „… 100 Gear input shaft hMT MT D am ag in g M R U average M R U mild sporty low load medium load high …”

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive S. I-79-I-94

„… , 3, 5, 6 and reverse gear are on the lower output shaft. Intelligent nesting and use of the gear …” „… the disconnect clutch find place in the power head. The low-loss wet disconnect clutch is integrated …” „… gear set chamber to reduce the oil churning losses. The oil in the gear set chamber is actively …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Potentials for improving the system behaviour of highspeed clutches for BEV using optimal transmission springs S. I-265-I-278

„… stresses on the clutch components are to be expected. Due to the lower number of gears (2-3 speed), the …” „… stable position of the friction and steel discs and prevent high drag losses in the open state of the …” „… gear selection offer only one compromise between the maximum achievable speed and the required …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles S. III-29-III-48

„… simple transmission con- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 29 cept, high efficiencies, low product costs and a …” „… world. However, achieving highest efficiencies together with low product costs as well as adaptability …” „… fulfills these demands. Via electric power split and further transmission modes this new DHT enables lowest …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… applications without torque interruption during shifting. By choosing the right gear ratios in combination …” „… consumption can only be achieved if the gear ratios, electric motor, and power electronics are all perfectly …” „… eddy-current-driving voltages and thereby result in losses due to heating of the stator and rotor, are relevant. These …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… driving and maneuvering by using one of the lower gears of the DCTs. In P3 mode, the electric motor is …” „… Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization Dr.-Ing. Gereon Hellenbroich, FEV …” „… key to success will be low costs, both in terms of manufacturing and total cost of ownership …”

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density S. II-55-II-66

„… power. Even then, these motors were units that had been developed within the company. While the gear …” „… also induce eddy-current-driving voltages and ultimately contribute towards losses and stator/rotor …” „… simultaneously address different kind of (low-volume) applications And the list goes on and on, as any …”

M. Horn, F. Kutter, B. Vahlensieck Advanced development of dedicated hybrid concepts – Systematic search for optimal powertrain concepts S. I-1-I-20

„… crawling gear for hill creeping and towing, compensating the lower S1 performance of an axially parallel …” „… different types of tailor-made hybrid concepts according to their edrive structure and gear set architecture …” „… functions and pursue following four goals: lower mechanical complexity, increased efficiency, reduced costs …”

R. Nasdal, K. Masser Diverse requirements, one product family – The HV Kit for LCV from MAGNA S. III-55-III-60

„… only few components are contributing to losses in transmission system. These are mainly gears …” „… electric driving mode for diesel low emission zones. Various driver assistance situations like traffic …” „… typically having the lowest efficiency as they require additional energy for the clamping of chain/belt …”

C. Leonhardt, M. Otto, K. Stahl Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears S. I-179-I-196

„… tested gears could withstand high static torques up to 890 Nm but significantly lower torques in the …” „… gearboxes, whereas the electric motor only has to compensate losses of bearings, gears and oil seals. The …” „… torque for the gear with stacked sheet metal gear body (variant 2) reached lower values. The evaluation …”

L. Herdle 7DCT/HDT400 – New fuel-efficient FWD DCT and hybrid transmission for up to 400 Nm S. I-95-I-102

„… sliding speed in the mesh. A second area of improvement is a reduction of oil splash losses: A lower oil …” „… • Optimization of gear design and machining • Efficiency optimization of bearings • Suction area without …” „… efficiency are optimized gear meshes. The gear design utilized a consequent reduction of the specific …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior S. I-455-I-470

„… ]. Multi-cone synchronizers are especially used in lower gears as their torque capacity is significantly higher …” „… , Prof. Dr.-Ing Karsten Stahl, FZG – Gear Research Centre (FZG), Technical University of Munich …” „… Synchronizers are widely used in gear boxes of car and truck transmissions. Optimizing costs and improving the …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives S. I-163-I-178

„… Transmission DPS, the first step is to design all the parts of the gear sets in accordance with common …” „… gears and transmission ratios. In parallel, the Electric Motor DPS and Transmission DPS take account of …” „… strength, low inertia and a low weight, and the bending natural frequency of the rotor as a whole must be …”

T. Pullen Integrated eDrive system for various performance classes S. I-287-I-294

„… high power ranges. An inlet module to reduce drag loss at low speeds optimizes passive transmission …” „… fluid dynamic analyses, generates oil reservoirs by rotation of the gear shafts, from which the oil …” „… supply to the bearing points and gear meshing is ensured, see Fig. 6. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 291 …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission S. III-61-III-74

„… gradeability and lower engine speeds at cruise thereby improving fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Gear Ratio …” „… to better optimize their vehicle system by picking the optimal gear ratio coverage and range step …” „… capabilities of the gear box. These enhancements have resulted in the ability to rate the new 9-speed in the …”

M. Lindström Gas powered heavy duty vehicles from Scania: Current program and future potential S. III-49-III-54

„… have the low noice PIEK certificate which makes it legal to operate them during the night in cities …” „… congestion in cities, see E. Devin [1]. In most markets the price for gas fuel is also significantly lower …” „… engines to have an efficiency and low rpm torque characteristics which is similar to a diesel engine …”

M. Maillard, L. Laurenty, S. Chretien Impact of hybridization on functional safety for low voltage eMotors – Impact of electrical and hybrid architectures (P2 P4) on the ASIL of electrical machines (eMotors) S. II-141-II-150

„… Impact of hybridization on functional safety for Low voltage eMotors Impact of electrical and …” „… driving and operating situations (E) E1 : Extremely low probability E2 : Low probability E3 …” „… all low voltage hybrid architectures, the following electrical vehicle architectures are the one …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary S. I-313-I-328

„… combustion engine losses due to lower speeds. If, however, the internal combustion engine is operated at …” „… contact loss at low speeds while stopping; here too, noise has to be controlled by stop elements. One …” „… start and stop challenges, reduced design spaces, driving at low engine speed and increased NVH …”

C. Schmahl, M. Höck, D. Ressin, M. Kesseler GKN’s ActiveConnect AWD system as an energy-efficient solution for electrified vehicles S. I-555-I-566

„… , costs, vehicle mobility and performance as well as low development and integration effort for hybrid …” „… mechanical hang-on AWD system clearly shows that even on roads with low friction values (e.g. on snow), the …” „… . 2354, 2019 557 factor k causes an increase in power by factor k4, while power loss and volume only …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat... S. I-213-I-226

„… classification of two different gears Anyway, the loss function of the classification can be adapted to …” „… kept low, and the limited computing power and storage capacity of standard Electronic Control Units …” „… transverse gearbox with 6 gears of a standard Bsegment front-wheel vehicle is considered (Fig. 4). Fig …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts S. I-137-I-162

„… Capacity of the battery Number of speeds in the transmission system Gear ratio of the transmission …” „… graph shows that the best cycle quality improves significantly with the cycle duration at lower …” „… hybrid vehicle in P2 configuration BEV Battery electric vehicle with fixed gear ration transmission BEV …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

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M. Yilmaz, T. Lohner, K. Michaelis, K. Stahl Minimizing gear friction with water-containing gear fluids S. 669-680

„… on gearbox losses and heat balance. Synthetic oils can exhibit significantly lower gear friction …” „… the highest viscosity of the water-containing gear fluids, has the highest no-load losses at low and …” „… values of vt, the water-containing gear fluids show remarkably lower total losses than the conventional …”

K. Takaki, M. Sugimoto Optimization of hypoid gear macro/micro geometries for high efficiency drives, taking into consideration NVH and strength S. 367-378

„… specifications and friction loss was made clear in an effort to improve hypoid gear efficiency. Low …” „… gears, which are advantageous for the vehicle layout because the offset shaft allows a lower propeller …” „… shaft position, among other benefits. On the other hand, hypoid gears have lower transmission …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… . Symp. PIERS 2016 - Proc., vol. 65, no. 11–12, pp. 78–82, 2016. [7] F. Concli, “Low-loss gears …” „… research, models are available for the prediction of the power losses related to gear meshing (sliding …” „… ), bearings and seals, literature is lacking in terms of load independent power loss of gears models (deep …”

P. Lopez Garcia, S. Crispel, T. Verstraten, E. Saerens, B. Vanderborght, D. Lefeber Wolfrom gearboxes for lightweight, human-centered robotics S. 753-764

„… ]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 757 Fig. 2: Using low-loss gears to improve the efficiency of the Wolfrom PGT …” „… low-loss gears: balancing approach and recess paths and optimizing contact ratio, pressure angle and the …” „… ]looking into combining low-loss gears with Wolfrom PGTs, as multiple recent research initiatives testify …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs Dr.-Eng. M. Ruzek, Prof. F. Ville, Prof …” „… . Background The windage power loss (WPL) of gears is a relatively new topic in the field of mechanical …” „… losses like the gear meshing, for example. However, the WPL increases sharply with almost cubic growth …”

T. Pinel, J. Bruyere, P.Velex, L. Billet Parametric Study of a 3D trochoidal reducer model with involute profile S. 437-448

„… contact points, the energy losses between the teeth are found to be low in comparison with the losses …” „… , due to good load distribution and low friction losses. The dynamic software presented compete finite …” „… . Ville, "An Analytical Approach to Tooth Friction Losses in Spur and Helical Gears—Influence of Profile …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… loss was done after gears operated for 10·106 and 15·106 cycles. Later, the weight loss was measured …” „… coefficient calculated through gear weight loss is more than an order of magnitude less compare to value …” „… matches well with the experimentally obtained coefficient of wear through weight loss measurements of gear …”

L. Stocco Complementary strengths of orbitless & planetary drives S. 1485-1496

„… not simulate gear tooth friction, a new “gear- Losses” block (beta version) computes the friction of …” „… gear meshes. Fig. 3: Total System Power Loss & Efficiency Noise is not explicitly measured by …” „… gear-head is compared with a Maxon Low-Noise 3.9:1 GPX16 Planetary drive, factory assembled with the same …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Winterberg Test stand for internally cooled metal gears S. 1263-1266

„… amount of required lubrication and thus the ventilation and splashing losses. Fig. 1: SLM Gear with …” „… increased gear no-load losses and therefore reduces the efficiency of the gear unit. The use of splash …” „… lubrication is generally understood, especially at low gear speeds. However, splash lubrication leads to high …”

K. Mukaiyama, M. Nakagawa, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama Investigation of meshing phenomenon of hypoid gears with different offsets via high response infrared video thermography S. 505-516

„… gears is lower than that of other gears due to offsets. However, few studies have focused on offsets …” „… , the offset of hypoid gears increases friction loss and leads to an increment of temperature at the …” „… contact area. Therefore, the transmission efficiency of such gears is lower than that of spiral bevel …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation of crossed axis gearbox S. 583-594

„… bevel or cylindrical gears. Their operation is followed by high power losses of the transmission and …” „… power losses of two bearings on gear shaft (PVL2) and sealing power losses of seals on gear shaft (PVD2 …” „… losses of worm shaft PVL1 and gear shaft PVL2 is the sum of power losses of all bearings. Power loss of …”

F. Eigner, R. Michel, M. Berger Analysis on the efficiency of HypoGear S. 127-136

„… output shafts. The higher power loss occurs at the worm gear. This calculation exclusively calculates …” „… dissipation in clockwise direction, which is the preferred direction of the HypoGear, is lower and therefore …” „… noted that the efficiency is significantly below the calculated gear tooth efficiency. Due to the low …”

E. Bergstedt, U. Olofsson, J. Lin, P. Lindholm Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life S. 3-14

„… equivalent. In the study by Winkelmann et al. the material loss is measured by weighing the gears after each …” „… material loss rate for the ground gear between LS 7 and LS 8. The super finished gears were run at LS 10 …” „… Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life Msc E. Bergstedt, Prof …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed driven tool for machine tools using magnetic transmission technology S. 1145-1154

„… losses due to gear friction it is not loss free. There are several aspects causing losses in a magnetic …” „… (Figure 1). The kinematics of these three components are analog to the hollow gear, the planetary gear …” „… and the sun gear in a conventional gearbox, respectively. If the outer magnetic wheel is regarded …”

C. Hegger, T. Kruger, J. Maas Two-speed transmission based on energy-efficient MRF-coupling elements and power split mechanism S. 867-876

„… multiple disc clutches are investigated. Therein, several losses like bearing, sealing or gear losses have …” „… minimized drag losses taken the lower torque density of MRF-based coupling elements into account by power …” „… almost loss-less operation in idle-mode. The stationary gear ratio was determined under consideration of …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… Scaling of Planetary Gear Stages according to Gear Loss Similarity F. Siglmüller, U. Weinberger …” „… scaling of a planetary gear stage with special attention to similarity in power loss and efficiency …” „… design with regard to power loss and efficiency behavior, gear excitation parameters and load carrying …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… (5). Since worm gear compared to other support gears normally have a lower efficiency, the …” „… Abstract: The quality of the surface finish of gears is of considerable importance for the …” „… friction behaviour of the surfaces and the efficiency of gears. Critical are the material distribution of …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… 1.4x higher wear factor k than the classical approach. For the gears ∆ is only a factor 1.3 lower …” „… Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears Ir. Benjamin van Wissen, Dr.ir. Marc …” „… wear of plastic gears. The framework is demonstrated via a case study on an unfilled material, which …”

J. Lotz, B. Bouche, R. Thiele Sensorless evaluation of the ideal timing for oil-change S. 1053-1064

„… power loss and the heat flow across housing surface in gear units for industrial applications are …” „… case, the oil temperature is varied until the difference between the gear unit power loss and the …” „… oil temperature rise, the existing dependence of the no-load power loss / gear heating on the oil …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… range, at lowest cost, with minimal losses and with minimal noise emission. However, demands on gears …” „… Foreword Gears continue being the best choice to convert torque and speed in a very wide power …” „… development, production and use of gears. The chances and challenges of digitalization on gears is the topic …”

N. Wan, L. Yao Efficiency modelling and analysis for a novel double-arc bevel gear nutation transmission system for pure electric vehicles S. 1253-1258

„… (11) The loss coefficient is related to the force acting on the surface of the gear and the …” „… Efficiency Modelling and Analysis for a Novel Double-arc Bevel Gear Nutation Transmission System …” „… proposes a novel double-arc bevel gear nutation transmission system with two inputs and one output for …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… demanding and complex – achieving increased lifetime, lower noise, and lower losses are goals often at odd …” „… Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions Dr. Ing. U. Kissling, KISSsoft AG …” „… Corporation, München Abstract Gear manufacturing processes are continuously improved, pushed by the …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… constant 50°C. Fig. 5 illustrates the gear lifetime results from these tests. At low output torques and …” „… hence low bending stresses, the gears did not break until one million cycles. At all other torque …” „… levels with the actual gear temperature reaching 67°C at 2.75 N.m leading to a nearly 30% lower lifetime …”

C. Chevrel-Fraux, R. Fargere, J. Bruyere, P. Velex Modelling of high power geared transmissions, introduction of a filling material S. 903-914

„… (magenta curve, cross markers). At low speed, between 0.2 and 0.25 Vmax, contact losses appear only in …” „… substructures, lumped parameters and beam finite elements is developed. First, the gear bodies are generated …” „… 1. Introduction Naval transmission requires high powered geared transmissions, where some gears can …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… 1.6 in the labtest. This phase keeps relatively low angular acceleration of the pinion gear …” „… PTO(Power Take-off) system to transmit the engine power to the outside. However, it makes gear rattling …” „… condition, the torque ripple makes gear collision which lead to rattle noise. Because it makes user feel …”

T. Kleiber DIN Q6 meets DIN Q10 – Need for modern internal gear production S. 415-424

„… ” E-cars are by nature on a lower NVH-level, due to the loss of masking ICE noise and other components …” „… level of gears. High speed requires lower DIN Q- Classes (less deviations, fine quality) so that the …” „… incoming gear should be e.g. in DIN Q5 to Q6. Due to gear ratio and lower rotational speed the final …”

F. Muller, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Determination of S-N curves for pitting based on local damage analysis S. 657-668

„… Design (IMM), Technische Universität Dresden Abstract In gear technology, high demands are placed …” „… durability as accurately as possible. In the field of gears, pitting is a common failure mode, which can …” „… lead to a loss of drive. For the purpose of preventing this type of damage, different calculation …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… to obtain accurate estimates of dynamic forces in gears at low time costs achieved by simulating the …” „… process of gear meshing in the FEM and taking into account the possible loss of teeth contact. The …” „… Influence of Tooth Profile Modification on Planetary Gear Sets Dynamic Dmitry V. Kalinin …”

B. Mahr, A. Pogacnik, A. Langheinrich Derivation of tooth stiffness of asymmetric gears for loaded tooth contact analysis S. 937-948

„… unloaded flank, or seldomly loaded, with a low pressure angle. For a given gear pitch, using a low …” „… symmetric gear due to the increased top land that results from the lower pressure angle side. The main …” „… Derivation of tooth stiffness of asymmetric gears for loaded tooth contact analysis MAS B. Eng …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… Abstract Today spur gears made from thermoplastic materials permanently enter new fields of …” „… applications. In comparison to metal gears, they have some significant advantages, e.g. weight efficiency, dry …” „… still challenges, e.g. their low operating temperature and their temperature dependent material …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… as filler in ALCOM® WP compound (green bar in diagram) leads to a very low wear rate with a low loss …” „… Wear resistant plastics Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears M. Sc. K. Smrczkova …” „… specifically bespoke for gear applications. 1. Introduction Most plastics show high wear rates and …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling Layout of profile modifications for symmetric and asymmetric plastic gears S. 1461-1472

„… much higher compared to steel gears due to lower Young’s modulus. Therefore, for plastic gears, the …” „… better the quality, the lower the noise. But improving the quality of the plastic gears is usually very …” „… Layout of profile modifications for symmetric and asymmetric plastic gears Dr. A. Pogačnik …”

H. Blettery, D. Talbot, A. Kahraman, H. Xu A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with misalignments S. 619-634

„… , and demonstrated using a gear pair example from an automotive rear axle unit. A low-speed hypoid gear …” „… Machine A test machine that was developed earlier [15, 16] for loaded low-speed operation of hypoid gear …” „… ring gear has a lower speed, ( )outTE t resulted in a finer resolution in the time domain. As such …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… gear teeth loss [1]. The journal bearing mixed friction will be detected by the use of an acoustic …” „… acceptable because the gear mesh contact between ring gear and planet gears acts as a low-pass filter so …” „… Monitoring Concept Study for Aerospace Power Gear Box Drive Train Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Nowoisky …”

C. Natali, A. Rezayat, D. Park, P. Jiranek, T. Tamarozzi Analysis of manufacturing variability on the transmission error of an internal gear pair using a multibody framework S. 1099-1110

„… Analysis of manufacturing variability on the transmission error of an internal gear pair using a …” „… Widely used in industrial applications, gears are still among the most popular components of …” „… , manufactured gears exiting in the production line do not fully satisfy the intended design due to the …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Dynamic models for planetary gearboxes SHM S. 471-480

„… used to characterize the effects of typical gears failure, like pitting, on the frequency spectrum …” „… gearbox. Kahraman et al. [4], evaluated the influence of the rim gear size of the annulus on the …” „… deformation of the system. The outcomes of the study were promising even if for certain ring gear thicknesses …”

Z. Zhan, H. Liu, C. Xiang, Q. Yan, H. Li, W. Wei, L. Xu Study of lateral and torsional vibration distribution of two-stage planetary gears based on vibration energy theory S. 1245-1252

„… Study of Lateral and Torsional Vibration Distribution of Two-stage Planetary Gears Based on …” „… Abstract Compared with ordinary gear train, planetary gears have more complex vibration characteristics …” „… planetary gear trains, which has taken time-varying mesh stiffness, backlash and gear eccentricity into …”

K. Daubach, Manuel Oehler, Bernd Sauer A method to determine local wear of worm gears with highly resolved circumferential backlash curves S. 595-606

„… A method to determine local wear of worm gears with highly resolved circumferential backlash …” „… experimental investigations of wear in worm gears are conducted. Therefore, a new test rig was designed, which …” „… well as the statistical characteristics of wear can be detected. 1. Introduction Worm gears are …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… . Gears with the lowest residual austenite content show fewest micropitting, which stands in …” „… .; Michaelis, K.; Otto, H.-P.: Flank load-carrying capacity and power loss of gears in minimal quantity …” „… New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears J …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions Dipl.-Ing …” „… thermal elastohydrodynamic calculation of spiral bevel gear pairs with octoidal toothing is introduced …” „… cavitation. Using the example of a spiral bevel gear pair with an extended epicycloid, the capability of the …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… gears, fluid lubrication is required for effective heat removal and prevention from wear. The …” „… lubrication, low material stiffness results in large contact radii such that external load can spread over a …” „… wider area and contact pressures are low. These advantages made thermoplastic polymers become an …”

J. Tavčar, J. Kos, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik A multi-criteria polymer gears design optimisation procedure S. 1473-1484

„… A Multi-criteria Polymer Gears Design Optimisation Procedure J. Tavčar, PhD, J. Kos, D …” „… reliable dimensioning of polymer gears due to the lack of accurate data on the fatigue strength of polymer …” „… for the calculation of polymer gears. In most cases, polymer gear designers do not have a complete …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

Partial access

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

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Volume 2294 2017

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R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… Friction Loss and Surface Durability of WN Gears A Comparison with Involute Gears Prof. R …” „… addition, the sliding velocity is constant along tooth trace and comparatively lower than involute gears …” „… surfaces of WN gears is comparatively low. Furthermore, the sliding velocity on the tooth surfaces is …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… off-the-shelf Planetary gear-head, friction losses are reduced by up to 59% and total input power is reduced by …” „… -heads. Each is arguably an implementation of one of two fundamental low-ratio gear-head configurations, the …” „… Orbitlesspat.pend. gear-head is proposed which is a third low-ratio configuration that shares various advantages …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool …” „… present for the prediction of the power losses and the efficiency of gears, neither accurate analytical …” „… loss related to the various mechanical components such as gears, bearings, seals etc.. While for most …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… bearing concept for helical gear pairs. [4] stated a reduction of bearing related frictional losses for …” „… Mechanical Engineering (IMW): Full film lubrication at low speed: Aiming for higher gear box efficiency …” „… , it is a crucial condition, that the friction losses in the thrust cone bearing are lower than the …”

F. Yang, W. Bi Efficiency evaluation of multi-speed transmission S. 1101-1108

„… train. The power losses caused by idle planetary gear trains and idle clutches/brakes were not taken …” „… references [ 12 through 13]. For the calculation of load dependent power loss on a gear node, the input …” „… % (2) where PGi,ij, PBi,ij, PS,ij, Pid,ij are load independent power loss on a gear, bearing, seal and …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… the gear is heated slowly up to a low temperature in order to burn out the lubricant, which leaves a …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171290 For PM gears a low pressure or plasma carburizing process with gas quenching is …” „… power [W] and HV is dimensionless tooth loss factor. Hence for a rolled gear losses due to friction at …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… originate from gears, bearings, seals and auxiliary power losses: (1) In Equation (1), gear losses are …” „… the friction related mechanical power losses in gear meshing [3][7]-[9]. And the cause of is that …” „… oil churning losses [10]-[12]. Same as the gear losses, the bearing losses are composed also of load …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… characterized by the large gear ratios that can be realized in one single stage, as well as by a low …” „… -vibration and low-noise running behavior compared to other gear transmissions. These positive properties …” „… the gear power loss PVZ,P can be calculated. VZ,P 2 ∙ 1 ∙ 1 Z 1 (1) Z tan tan m tan Zcos (2 …”

P. Tenberge, D. Kupka, T. Panéro Influential criteria on the optimization of a gearbox, with application to an automatic transmission S. 253-266

„… losses calculation, a modification of the macro and micro geometries of the gears, or the bearings types …” „… when the bending safeties are much lower than the required ones. Table 8: Gear sizing results FDI …” „… % on the optimized one, when considering only the gear meshing losses. Concerning the transmission …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… rolling in the worm meshing. The plastic gear surface typically wear slowly with a low specific wear …” „… 20 to 300, higher ratio is also available) in a small footprint. Unlike other types of gear drives …” „… smaller-size and higher-ratio worms but are significant in the larger-size and lower-ratio worms. The actu …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… and revolution speed in spur- and bevel-gear units causes energy losses within the moving machine …” „… estimation. An example is the calculation of gear mesh losses according to Mauz [2]. That approach is valid …” „… gear unit needs extra cooling. Using a fan that is mounted to a fast rotating shaft is a common …”

A. Şorea, F. Buus Bendixen Reluctance magnetic gear – Magnetic gears, no longer toothless S. 615-622

„… not having any parts in contact is the very low noise level or lack of noise which makes such a gear …” „… more gear ratios possible Weakness: Lower torque density than coaxial design Flux is moved longer in …” „… Reluctance Magnetic Gear Magnetic Gears, no longer toothless M.Sc. Alexandru Şorea, Ph.D …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… Improved Calculation Method for Load-Dependent Gear Losses Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Jurkschat, Dr.-Ing …” „… Abstract The topic of this study is to investigate the load-dependent losses of practical spur gears, for …” „… involves power losses. Thereby, particular interest has to be given to the load-dependent gear loss as it …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… , at low cost and with minimal losses and noise emission. However, the demands which can only be met …” „… essential components to focus on are the gears. Gears convert torque and speed in a very wide power range …” „… service life of the gear units have increased. Therefore, more and more accurate calculation methods are …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… . Introduction Gear drives made from engineering thermoplastics stand out for their low specific weight, their …” „… , T., and Stahl, K.: TEHL simulation on the influence of lubricants on load-dependent gear losses …” „… . Accessed on: Apr. 03 2017. [21] Li, S. and Kahraman, A.: Prediction of Spur Gear Mechanical Power Losses …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… gears exceeding the 30 minute loss of lubricant testing criteria and two of these gearbox designs …” „… , United Kingdom 1. Introduction There is an increasing demand for new alloy development in the gear …” „… alloys for moist environment gear and bearing applications, or the development of high hardness …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… contact were calculated for both gear types, which actually disclosed lower thermal load of S-gears. Next …” „… easy task. Another consideration is that the quality of moulded gears is rather low which influences …” „… mm at A or E and B or D, correspondingly. E-gears have lower peaks, namely 0.1675 mm at A or E …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… An Advanced Thermal Processing & Coating Process for Enhancing Gear Tribology Boris Zhmud …” „… significant progress in gear design. Still, gears sometimes fail. Gear tooth flanks are most vulnerable to …” „… damage under tribological stress. Gear material, machining and finishing methods, lubricant, and enduse …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears Dr.ir. Marc Kanters …” „… obtained from a corotating disc experiment to the wear of actual gears using FEM. The approach is discussed …” „… tribological applications such as gears. DSM has a successful track record in automotive gear applications …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… stage. It should be noted that the wheels of the used gear sets were evaluated because of the lower …” „… results of the determined micro-pitted flank area and mass loss of the test gears are shown in Fig. 6 …” „… relative mass loss of the considered gears. On that 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 Reference Increased …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… vibration, low losses and noise emissions are increasing important. Gear transmission error is an accepted …” „… specification requirements of gear transmissions are not limited to strength and reliability but also low …” „… line length is more gradual than spur gear, so acceleration and deceleration is lower, reducing dynamic …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… improved 825 D. Morrey epicyclic gear system performance in low speed applications Y. Zhao Curvature …” „… Efficiency F. Concli, Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of 881 C. Gorla gears: an innovative …” „… calculation method for load-dependent gear 893 T. Lohner, losses K. Stahl Y. Shen, General modelling method …”

B. Guilbert, P. Cutuli, P. Velex Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears S. 623-634

„… a hol- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 623 low gear is sub-structured and both quasi-static and dynamic …” „… gear (including its shaft): Case A The system is first operated at very low speed ( 10.01 .rad s on …” „… Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears PhD Student Berengere Guilbert, Ing. Philippe …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… fatigue life of POM gears, i.e., when kept at low temperature (30 °C), the fatigue life of POM gears is …” „… various applications [1, 2]. The main advantages of plastic gears are their low weight, low price for …” „… Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions Prof …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… at the inner and a load / force concentration at the outer crown gear diameter (Fig. 4.9 lower part …” „… bases on the lower modulus of elasticity of the POM crown gear; the lower stiffness of plastic gears …” „… torque than for comparable steel gears. The higher flexibility/ lower stiffness pinion crown wheel …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests C. Gorla, E …” „… planetary gearboxes with teeth of the internal gear manufactured directly on the housing itself: such a …” „… . With respect to traditional solutions, the requirements of strength and accuracy of gear teeth can be …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… Investigating Dynamic Behavior of Planetary Gear Trains through the Systematic Approach S …” „… Abstract In comparison with parallel shaft power transmission designs, planetary gear trains possess …” „… decreasing of noise and vibrations of planetary gear drives. The application of the relationships of natural …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears …” „… , for strategic decision about whether to chose grinding or shaving as a finishing method in gear …” „… . Competition from low wage countries and emerging markets are putting pressure on these VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294 …”

S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system simulation S. 51-60

„… long term analyses, it is quite accurate to work with mean gear mesh stiffnesses and only low …” „… examines three applications with gear drives: Noise development in a planetary gear system …” „… comparison of four design variants of a planetary gear set with four planets. Four design variants are …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… input torque fluctuation and by the gear wheel eccentricity fault are much lower than the other …” „… Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor E. Rigaud …” „… window-lift gear motor and differentiating the different excitation sources. These ones correspond to the …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… Experimental Measurement of Gears Impact in Transmission Ing. O. Berka, Ph.D., Ing. M. Dub …” „… , Ph.D., Ing. F. Lopot, Ph.D., CTU in Prague, Prague Abstract The gears meshing in large industrial …” „… gearboxes is one of the most important factors specifying their user´s properties. The quality of gears …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… pressed and sintered gears possess lower fatigue strength due to the presence of porosity, this can be …” „… PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial …” „… , Profiroll Technologies GmbH, Bad Düben Abstract Powder Metal (PM) gears are steel gears with pores …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… torsion shaft. The engine only has to provide the power loss of the two gear boxes in this closed power …” „… “Alternative” Microstructures and Their Influence on Mechanical Properties of Case-Hardened Gears …” „… Dipl.-Ing. Christian Güntner, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Gear Research Centre …”

M. Takahashi, T. Itagaki, N. Maeda, H. Takahashi Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics of micro-spur-gears S. 243-252

„… is cantilever. In the case of endurance testing of the micro-gear the deflection is relatively low …” „… Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying …” „… characteristics of micro-spur-gears Dr. Mikio Takahashi, Assoc. prof. Dr. Takayoshi Itagaki, Prof.Dr …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… the low heat transfer coefficient of the polymers. At the gear teeth flanks we have a combination of …” „… Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during …” „… reliable method for the prediction of the flank temperature state of polymer gears after longer running …”

J. Thomas, C. Wirth Determination and improvement of bevel gear efficiency by means of loaded TCA S. 707-718

„… Determination and improvement of bevel gear efficiency by means of loaded TCA Dr. Joachim …” „… Thomas, Dr. Christian Wirth, ZG GmbH, Eching Abstract Bevel and hypoid gears are widely used in …” „… and busses gear efficiency becomes more and more important. Today’s most accurate calculation methods …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… the lower diagram and wear plotted against machined gears as presented before. For both processes a …” „… Aachen Abstract Despite the wide industrial application of generating gear grinding, the process …” „… of generating gear grinding needs a high amount of time and effort and only a few published …”

B. Schlecht, F. Müller, S. Schumann Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro pitting S. 293-304

„… . 1. The motor compensates for the gear losses while a hydraulic coupling applies the torque to the …” „… lower number of cycles of the gear compared to the pinion due to its transmission ratio. Consequently …” „… Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… designed, which comprises of two-stage epicyclical gear sets without outer ring gears, a brake band and a …” „… seamless gear shifting and to avoid the traction interruption of traditional AMT [4]. The AMT is of keen …” „… interest because of its lower weight and higher efficiency compared to other types of transmissions, such …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… & 2 and 5 & 6 are located on the lower main shaft and the gears 3 & 4 and reverse are located on the …” „… power loss reduction potential. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 287 The input shaft carries five helical gear …” „… bearings drag losses vary with the engaged gear (1 to 6) too. It is also vital to emphasize that there is …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… gear with a dual clutch, which allows gear changes without any complete loss of drive power and for …” „… driving situations. With up to three gears the losses in the gearbox are in the same range or smaller …” „… efficiency is reduced, because of high losses in the gearbox. Ratio lower than one need too much torque and …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… as possible in low loss regions of its VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016138 characteristic map. Fig. 1 shows …” „… clutch enables a separation of high and low pressure circuits and also saves leakage and friction losses …” „… automatic transmissions, the dual clutch transmissions as well as the CVTs and partly future 2-3 gear …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… higher mechanical losses based on the gear set concept, specifically in the gear teeth, shaft bearings …” „… boosting torque capacity, using an ideal number of gears and implementing flexible gear ratios and gear …” „… development for the new Porsche dual clutch gearbox VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 71 3. Gearbox concept 3.1 Gear …”

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… are only closed in the lower gears and open in the upper gears relevant for loss. Care was also …” „… open clutch is very low when a gear is not preselected. CVTs typically include only two multi-disk …” „… used to shift gears in automatic transmissions inherently contribute to a decisive degree of drag loss …”

M. Spreckels, U. Christoffer Efficient synchronizer for comfort and performance – increase of manual and dual clutch transmissions S. 207-220

„… delivering only 86 to 96% torque of the equivalent segmented system. The lower efficiency and the loss of …” „… is such an innovation concept which eliminates the design inherent lower limit for the cone angle of …” „… 1928 simplified the complex process of a gear change and increased the comfort for the driver …”

R. Nasdal, U. Bernhardt Cascaded gears: Possible Applications and Experiences S. 101-108

„… 2276, 2016104 speed range for each gear is leading to a decreasing stepping from high in low gears lo …” „… low in higher gears. The harmonic stepping is in favor of manual transmission operation, in order to …” „… and has one shift element less. The lower output shaft carries only the reverse gear and the park …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… additionally a reduced overall inertia of the powertrain, as the ratio of STM1 is lower than the 1st gear of …” „… Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for …” „… be increased, which lowers overall mass, installation space and cost. A multi speed transmission …”

P. Maurel, B. Bradaï, T. Heitzmann, V. Picron, R. Randriazanamparany, D. Taccoen Entry Mated©: An automated vehicle traffic jam assist function for three pedals entry cars S. 531-542

„… . When the clutch is closed and the vehicle is driven in a gear, only the engine resistant torque losses …” „… provided to ADAS controller. For a given gear, the takeoff losses are controlled with the clutch …” „… functions such as automatic emergency braking, their price are also getting lower making them more …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… the harmonic gear ratio steps, a high gear ratio spread, the powerful electric motor with outstanding …” „… driving comfort and barely perceptible gear shifting and combustion engine start-up. 1. Hybrid …” „… hybrid transmission cannot fail to impress with its harmonic gear ratio steps and a high gear ratio …”

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… rotations in the case of low slip, gear ratio differences between the front and rear axles or in vehicle …” „… friction clutch and the dog clutch the bevel gear and propshaft will stop rotating. Losses in the rear …” „… comparison to bevel gear losses. Fig. 6: Rear axle For the change to all-wheel drive the stationary …”

J.-N. Mach, G. Poll Influence of surface structures on the operational behavior of continuously variable transmissions S. 919-920

„… of gears with a fixed number of transmission ratios is the lower efficiency. A significant …” „… by gear shifting. A disadvantage in comparison with mechanical transmissions based on interlocking …” „… proportion of the additional losses occur due to sliding of the belt or the chain in the torque converter …”

Y. Takeda, M. Kawaminami, M. Tsuchida, H. Takekawa Gear Whine Noise Reduction Technology of New Model Transmission for FF-Hybrid Vehicle S. 435-450

„… shows the improvement effect by structure change. Frequency [Hz] Contribution high low Sun gear …” „… Gear Whine Noise Reduction Technology of New Model Transmission for FF-Hybrid Vehicle Yasunori …” „… Abstract This paper presents the gear whine noise reduction technology of the transmission developed for …”

P. Gwinner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Torque-Vectoring Transmission with Reinforced Plastic Housing for an Electric Subcompact Vehicle – Measures to Integrate a Plastic Housing into an E-Drive Transmission S. 503-514

„… wheels with low input torques at the superimposing machine, the superimposing unit features a high gear …” „… with the requirement of a low excitation level. A suitable gear concept has to be designed that ensures …” „… package and have the low excitation characteristic of helical gears. Moreover, no axial gear tooth forces …”

V. Warth, B. Reick, B. Bertsche, M. Geimer Efficient analysis of complex continuously variable power split transmissions with multiple in- and outputs S. 719-730

„… in high and low power classes to an increasing extent [5]. Fig. 1.1: Overview of continuously …” „… Planetary gears can be numerically described using a so-called transmission code. In a first step, the …” „… is indexed with two and housing-mounted shafts with zero. All other planetary gear shafts are …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, R. Fietzek Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction – Cost- Efficient and Resource-Optimized Lightweight Design based on the eLIFE and ecoLIFE3 Concepts S. 515-530

„… the tires are recorded and taken into account. Furthermore, the amount of generated data is kept low …” „… take the transmission losses into account. The speed signals supplied from vehicle sensors are also …” „… measurement and reconstruction during gear shifts for a manual transmission Fig. 6: Torque measurement …”

B. Kluge Systematic approach to generate Multi-Mode-Transmissions – Method to evaluate the potential of Multi-Mode-Transmissions S. 157-166

„… by an electrical machine. Thus, the full functionality of a transmission is fulfilled by gear sets …” „… from the combustion engine is spilt into a mechanical and an electrical path by a planetary gear set …” „… planetary gear set the gearbox functionalities. Further- VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016158 more, they are used …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… which leads to a loss of comfort within a gear change. Fig. 9 shows a comparison of two sequential …” „… coupled planetary gear sets and clutches. Because both types have more than one clutch, the drivers force …” „… demand can be propagated during a gear shift by shifting the load from one clutch to another without …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… transmission components for high cost efficiency and low mechanical drag losses. To fulfil these contrary …” „… the transmission and thus creating different transmission ratios with a low number of gear elements …” „… used for the layout of the planetary gear sets and the shifting elements. Those design data can be the …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… from environmental and vibration fatigue. Typically, an Interior Permanent Magnet motor is low in …” „… losses created within the machine. This means that an intelligent cooling/air circulating design is …” „… Oerlikon Fairfield has been making planetary gear drives under the Torque Hub® name since the product line …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… , increasing the number of bevel gears by two. Due to lower loads per tooth, the total weight of the bevel …” „… has a bigger impact on purchasing decisions than in passenger cars [2]. Finally, lower vehicle weight …” „… shafts, gear wheels or in the output flange can lead to a significant decrease of the system mass (Fig …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission …” „… one of the potential technique to eliminate some energy loss in a transmission. Conventionally, to …” „… obtain a low drag torque clutch, it needs to make a lot of samples and conduct a lot of tests which is …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… engage lock-up(LU) clutch at lower rotation. In addition, comparing to step AT with planetary gear …” „… because larger inertia on input shaft lowers the transmission torsional resonance, and it enables to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

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