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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

K. Kanto, T. Yamada, S. Komatsu, J. Morishita, I. Yamaji, A. Kubo Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center S. 1039-1050

„… Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center …” „… accuracy measurement and profile evaluation. The demand for on-machine measurement technologies has …” „… only high accuracy. Optical measurement system like Laser scanner or fringe scan type measuring …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… the motion axis for which the improvement of grinding accuracy is limited. 3. Measurement of tooth …” „… improvement of grinding accuracy is limited. In order to facilitate the precision measurement and data …” „… movement error of CNC axes cannot be achieved according to the tooth surface error by measurement, the …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… ] revealed the influence of the measurement accuracy with friction effect during the torsional stiffness …” „… design guide-rule were versatility, accuracy and shorter testing time. 2. Measurement principle The …” „… continually improving the performance of the reducer, the research on the performances test and measurement …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… densified C-PT gear, tolerance measurements were conducted to give a better understanding for the accuracy …” „… can result in better accuracy in comparison to experimental results. Moreover, to examine how the …” „… (Coordinate Measurement Machine) to extract the coordinates and the data were used to compare with the …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… crystals of the grains inside the material, see also [3], two specialized experimental measurement methods …” „… summarizes the previous results on that topic. 2.1 EBSD measurement of the crystal orientation at the …” „… compliance tensors according to VOIGT, REUSS and HILL [3] 3 Comparative measurement of the elastic tooth …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… . Detailed information about measurement accuracy is provided in Jurkschat et al. [11]. Firstly, the …” „… method to the state of the art shows improved accuracy for determining the load-dependent gear losses …” „… from separate measurements at the FZG bearing power loss test rig. Results of this study are used to …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… temperature level fits a measurement. This is advantageous if one wants to precisely predict the absolute …” „… accuracy concerning grid resolution and time step size, takes about seven days of computation on a …” „… to simulate even biggest gearboxes in best resolution and accuracy. The computation period reduces …”

E. Tanaka, H.-C. Lin Gear diagnostic system using zonal laser beam for practical use S. 845-856

„… measurement procedure. Furthermore, to predict the damaged position not only tooth height direction but also …” „… installing, and compared the accuracy between the desktop PC and Raspberry PI. Furthermore, to predict the …” „… compared by the measurement procedure. At first, the damage (diameter: 1.35[mm], position: 1.95[mm] from …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… important to find the right modelling strategy, safeguarding the needed accuracy on one hand but keeping …” „… . 2294, 2017 1093 Fig. 10: Contact pattern of gears and bearings and comparison to measurement values …” „… Also the structure born noise measurement confirmed the simulated values, a deviation of below 5 …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation Gert Goch …” „… measurement of gear flanks requires new mathematical approaches and new software solutions for evaluation …” „… automotive and various industrial transmission systems. They have to meet high accuracy requirements in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… . Mevissen B. Schlecht, Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on 293 F. Müller, bevel gears …” „… M. Berger, bronze J. Hermes Y. Wang, Design of transmission accuracy of the involute 491 B. Peng …” „… . Daffner, Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements 683 M. Otto, on a static test rig to …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… gears). Vibration measurements at 4 different operating torques (at two different operating speeds) were …” „… tuning could be performed by lack of that kind of measurements, the challenge consisted into correlate …” „… the measurements of 32 accelerometers to the computations for 4 discrete different operating …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… observed gap, improvements on strength, fatigue and wear measurement techniques are discussed. 1 …” „… accuracy. 2. Gear predictive engineering workflow Most common plastic gear failure modes are wear …” „… accuracy of the workflow prediction is strongly dependent on the quality of the material data. For this …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… characterizing the quality of a gear. A further important measurement task is the inverse determination of gear …” „… measurements of an involute flank, either in profile or in helix direction, can be considered as a sequence of …” „… , the individual measurement points can be dynamically assigned to the corresponding geometry …”

J. Champain, S. Dalle, M. Octrue Simultaneous experimental characterization of dynamic transmission error to noise and vibration behavior of a gear system under load S. 953-962

„… collect a large database of synchronous measurements to be used in vibro-acoustics computation models …” „… measurement is performed by acquiring signals of angular oscillations of gears during several revolutions …” „… focus the measurement on the gearbox noise avoiding the recording of unexpected noise coming from the …”

T. Utakapan, B. Kohn, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear noise behaviour with application force level S. 695-706

„… . Among different development stages, different technical measurements are available to estimate the …” „… excitation behaviour of gear meshes. However, the comparison of the result of these measurement types …” „… evaluation by means of different measurement types. Moreover, the evaluation boundary of this characteristic …”

A. Kahraman, H. Ligata Effects of external splines on deformations of ring gears of planetary gear sets S. 341-352

„… measurements from a family of flexible ring gears supported by external splines, complemented by computational …” „… experimental investigation of ring gear rim deformations including direct radial displacement measurements as …” „… well as hoop and toot root fillet strain measurements employing the set-up developed in Refs. [6,8,25 …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… . With respect to traditional solutions, the requirements of strength and accuracy of gear teeth can be …” „… tolerances in order to fulfil the requirements in terms of positioning accuracy. Typically, the housing is …” „… distortions, are necessary in order to meet the requirements of strength and accuracy for the gear teeth …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… state of art allows reproducing e.g. a tempered zone of 100 µm depth with an accuracy of ± 20 µm …” „… metallographic investigations, micro hardness measurements and measurements of residual stresses had been done …” „… sensitivity for the changing of the etching bath than a pH measurement can offer. The reference blocks for …”

J.-A. Meis Flank fracture assessment under consideration of material quality S. 395-398

„… with different case hardness depth as well as high accuracy in predicting the flank fracture risk for …” „… ., 1979 [9] “Internal evaluation report of case hardness measurements”, M. Blomeyer, Siemens AG, 2014 …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… experimental investigations of lapped tooth flanks are used to evaluate the accuracy of the current simulation …” „… lapping process simulation. Accompanying high-resolution measurements of the flank geometry have shown a …” „… used, either from a manufacturing simulation or measurement data of a real gear set. Load case data …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… accuracy of the measurement. Significant changes for gears in practical use can therefore only be …” „… : Destructive Metallography for rating the microstructure Measurement of hardness depth profiles at …” „… Non-destructive Roughness measurement 3D-Measurement of the gear flank (topography) Barkhausen noise …”

M. Takahashi, T. Itagaki, N. Maeda, H. Takahashi Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics of micro-spur-gears S. 243-252

„… have high assembly accuracy. A review of relevant literature indicates that adjusting and taking …” „… measurements are the most difficult and timeconsuming factors in this process [2]. Therefore, we developed a …” „… the θz direction. Measurement and adjustment of assembly errors in the test gear can be performed …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… the achievable accuracy is much higher. To avoid misinterpretations, there was also a comparison …” „… measurement at zero speed, perform a ramp up and then measure also at a steady state speed [1]. Acceleration …” „… sensors of a mobile acoustic measurement station register the structure-borne sound at significant places …”

E. Böyükbaş, H. J. Stadtfeld Surface structure shift for ground bevel gears S. 1391-1402

„… structure from lapping superimposed to a precisely ground flank surface presents a combination of accuracy …” „… surface form modification cannot be detected by a regular coordinate measurement, which assures that no …” „… . This is only an optical illusion, surface roughness measurements show better results for Ra and Rz in …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… sizes was derived from measurements at material specimens taken from gears which were tested by Witzig …” „… was performed. All available measurements for hardness and residual stress profiles from FVA-reports …” „… , FKM-reports, Phd-thesises, internal R&D-Projects, internal quality control measurements as well as …”

R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… measurement of friction loss, two torque-meters of magneto-striction type were installed. And then, the …” „… monitoring the input torque and output torque of gearing. A torque meter with high measuring accuracy …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… simulations and measurements [17-18] shows that while for high filling levels, where the viscous contribution …” „… chosen after a sensitivity analysis as the best compromise between the results accuracy and the …” „… , Analysis of power losses in an industrial planetary speed reducer: Measurements and computational fluid …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… . A two step approach shows the accuracy of the Inclusion-Based Weakest Link Model by validation on a …” „… Table 2, whereas Table 3 shows the results of the residual stress measurements. A summary of the varied …” „… effort. Applied to the model, this means that 80% of the model accuracy can be achieved by considering …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… reduction of a tolerance chain to increase the accuracy of the closing tolerance and the reciprocal change …” „… the need for measuring the contact pattern position. The results of the measurement with paste are …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… accuracy and reliability of measurement result of GMC is a hot topic at present [2 through 4]. The …” „… complex[5 through 7]. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of GMC, extensive research has been …” „… accuracy or reduce the measurement uncertainty. Barini E M et al. proposed a measurement strategy to …”

T. Kahnenbley, G. Gravel Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears – Quick verification of the measurement precision S. 1813-1822

„… comparative measurements, to be able to evaluate and improve the accuracy of the ripple measurement used today …” „… Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears Quick verification of the …” „… measurement precision M.Sc. Thies Kahnenbley, Prof. Dr. Günther Gravel, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg …”

M. Pillarz, A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Multisensory measurement of the base circle radius as a fundamental shape parameter of large gears S. 1207-1214

„… Multisensory measurement of the base circle radius as a fundamental shape parameter of large gears …” „… such as coordinate and gear measuring instruments reach their limits for large gear measurements due …” „… to the fixed measuring volume. As solution, a multisensory approach with scalable measurement volume …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae, K. Kawasaki Japanese standardization for gear steel qualification via evaluation of HV-scattering S. 893-902

„… measurement and the HV accuracy needed VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019898 measure thousands of HV indentation …” „… HV800, we cannot use the load lighter than 50grf at the measurement. To raise the accuracy of HV …” „… make the Standard for hardness measurement of gear steels. This is based on the automatic measurement …”

C. Lu, J. Wang, P. Yin Evaluation method of measuring software based on virtual gear measuring center S. 1173-1180

„… affecting the accuracy of the Gear Measuring Center (GMC). It is mainly tested by physical experiment or …” „… the actual measurement results. The standard data group method (software gauge) can only identify …” „… the evaluation algorithm, but cannot identify the defects in the software measurement process. Based …”

E. Bergstedt, U. Olofsson, J. Lin, P. Lindholm Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life S. 3-14

„… positional accuracy is high enough to accurately repeat measurements and track small profile changes over …” „… , variation is usually within 20 measurement points, corresponding to ± 10 µm. The positional accuracy along …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 20194 2.2 In-situ tooth profile measurement The gear involute profile change due to …”

H. Aurrekoetxea, I. Ruiz de Ocenda Experimental and theoretical study of load mesh factor for different boundary conditions in wind gearbox planetary stages S. 835-844

„… tests based on strain gauge measurements. Recorded results are used for simulation model updating in …” „… Load Mesh Factor Kɣ (for a given geometric accuracy grade of gear elements) is set to a certain value …” „… , manufacturing process accuracy is one of the key aspects to control the Mesh Load Factor, and the influence of …”

M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, A. Beinstingel Planetary gears: modes, noise and modifications application and validation of simulation and experiment S. 57-68

„… applied to a practical example with test stand measurements. 2. Gear Mesh Excitation For a …” „… conditions. The natural frequencies in a planetary gear can be determined with sufficient accuracy without …” „… levels were validated by measurement of casing vibrations at increasing speed without generator load. The …”

A. Schiller, T. Beckmann, M. Fratz, T. Seyler, A. Bertz Optical gear measurement: holographic system for 100 % inspection S. 1545-1550

„… Optical gear measurement: Holographic system for 100 % inspection M.Sc. Annelie Schiller, Dr …” „… , Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Freiburg Abstract The search for new gear …” „… measurement, however, fast optical measurements have failed so far due to steep flanks and multiple …”

R. Slatter Condition monitoring of gearboxes using magnetoresistive sensors S. 229-244

„… invasive measurement is enabling a number of new techniques. A wide range of mechanical faults can be …” „… , namely the measurement of “Instantaneous Angular Speed” (IAS), “Motor Current Signature Analysis” (MCSA …” „… ) and the direct in-situ measurement of component damage during operation (as opposed to offline …”

Y. Hawwari, J. Touzet, H. Andre, H. I. Cakar, I. Khelf, L. Alloin Ring gear tooth cracks detected using instantaneous angular speed: wind turbine application S. 1039-1052

„… perfect, the IAS signal is sensitive to a particular error caused by the measurement tool imperfection …” „… for increasing the measurement precision towards the relatively low speed applications such as wind …” „… vibrations [9]. However, that kind of measurement is affected by several original types of noise …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… calculation. Based on the observed gap, improvements on strength, fatigue and wear measurement techniques are …” „… prediction accuracy. 2. Gear predictive engineering workflow Most common plastic gear failure modes …” „… material data listed in Table 1. The accuracy of the workflow prediction is strongly dependent on the …”

C. Natali, A. Rezayat, D. Park, P. Jiranek, T. Tamarozzi Analysis of manufacturing variability on the transmission error of an internal gear pair using a multibody framework S. 1099-1110

„… systems can be ensured through the accuracy and robustness of the modeling techniques at the design stage …” „… of the gear transmission system with a sufficient level of speed and accuracy. Currently, the …” „… depends on the type of transmission system and the level of compromise between simulation accuracy and …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Dynamic models for planetary gearboxes SHM S. 471-480

„… be reduced without affecting the accuracy of the results. This approach has been used to investigate …” „… conditions. The results obtained have been validated with the measurements on a real gearbox. The frequency …” „… accuracy of the results obtained. Yi Guo et al. [3] studied the load sharing in a 750kW wind turbine …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… challenging task to acquire meaningful data in measurement due to the poor accessibility of the transmission …” „… measurements. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 355 In this study, a gear test rig [1] for the specific purposes to …” „… scenario The test gear pair is manufactured for this test purposes accounting for making the gear accuracy …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… be done on the fly for each measurement. When using high-accuracy absolute angle encoders, a direct …” „… available. This work provides an insight on the suitability of different kinds of measurements and sensors …” „… as well as in industrial practice rely on vibration / acceleration data as main measurement value …”

J. Neufond, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet, A. Carbonelli Influence of tooth profile modifications on the dynamic behavior of a planetary gear set – Experimental investigation and numerical validation for different amplitudes of tooth profile modifications S. 765-776

„… a planetary gear set. Measurements are performed using a specific test bench and are compared with …” „… . The comparisons between numerical results and measurements show that the computational scheme leads to …” „… sets under various operating speeds. Measurements are compared with numerical results obtained from an …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set …” „… . Kleiber, Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Herzogenaurach Prediction of transmission accuracy lifetime …” „… transmission error A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with …”

H. Blettery, D. Talbot, A. Kahraman, H. Xu A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with misalignments S. 619-634

„… A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with …” „… studies on measurement of transmission error under misaligned conditions. Measurement of TE under low …” „… encoders [6-8], typically for parallelaxis gear pairs. Published work on quasi-static TE measurements of …”

D. Iba, I. Moriwaki, H. Noda, H. Inoue, M. Kim Visualization of phase differences between tooth helix deviations using graph theory S. 1191-1198

„… current accuracy evaluation of gears is not enough for estimation of appear- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 …” „… the graph theory. Finally, the proposed method is verified through measurement experiments. 2 …” „… phase characteristic of gears using graph theory. In this paper, the measurement object is a grinding …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… homogenized models can improve the accuracy of thermal simulations. 1. Introduction Polymer-based …” „… frictional force as well as the temperature at a measurement spot 1,5 mm above the tribological interface …” „… simulated temperature at the position of the measurement spot described above matched the experimental data …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… motor shaft via torque and speed. This allows higher measurement accuracy particularly for systems with …” „… facilities reach the technical limits of space, electrical power, measurement technology and heat …” „… technical limits of space, electrical power, measurement technology and heat dissipation capabilities. When …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… tools. In-process force measurements supports the accurate analysis of wear mechanisms of the cemented …” „… stability and tool load. The machining result is quantified by gear measurements and flank roughness. 2 …” „… varying forces from the process create the excitation for oscillation. Thus force measurements are an …”

F. Rudolph, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Consideration of solid particles in a gear lapping simulation S. 1675-1686

„… flanks are used to validate the accuracy of the current simulation method and deduce possible …” „… simulation or measurement data of an actual gear set. Load data for the considered point in time such as …” „… , this enlarged load distribution results in a wear depth simulation fitting the measurements. Figure …”

S. Yokoyama A study of gear oil performances contributing to wind turbine lifetime extensions S. 845-856

„… 0.50±0.05 2.3 Method of measuring teeth roughness and shape For the measurement of teeth shape and …” „… the accuracy of measuring roughness, two methods were verified about the repeatability of measuring …” „… roughness using the opposite side of 4 pinion teeth surface 6 times during the measurement shown in Fig. 2 …”

X. Tian, Y. Wu, J. Han, L. Xia Online estimate and compensation of the gear machining error based on electronic gearbox cross-coupling controller S. 1835-XXVIII

„… . involute and hypoid profiles) on the blank teeth, thus the control accuracy fully depends on the mechanical …” „… manufacturing accuracy, the gearbox wear, the working load and temperature. However, these issues have been …” „… . They achieved higher control accuracy for the proposed CCC method compared to the conventional one …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… insufficient dimensional accuracy from the CFM process. Comparative tests with GP gears were able to confirm …” „… shape measurement. A toothing quality of > 12 could be achieved with fibre-reinforced PEEK gears. CFM …” „… Parameters 45% PEEK + 55% CF To increase the concentricity accuracy, the CFM wheels were partly turned …”

J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Optimized tooth root strength by controlled shot peening S. 137-148

„… (measured at 30°-tangents of the teeth). The residual stress measurements σrs were carried out based on the …” „… are in the measurement tolerance. The initial and the grinded conditions (not peened) show no …” „… be detected between the two states (initial and grinded) within the accuracy scope of the …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… approach, the results are validated by friction measurements in a disk-on-disk test rig. With the novel …” „… 559 grinding and measured three-dimensionally by tactile measurement. For the calculation, the …” „… unfiltered topography measurement data of the test and counter shaft is used. For verification, the …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… accuracy and productivity, as mentioned above. Changing workpieces automatically using a pallet system and …” „… traditionally been especially neglected by manufacturers in the past. The accuracy of the gear milling system …” „… spindle unit. The key of all this kind of measurements is the calibration of the probe. The calibration …”

A. L. Kapelevich, Y. V. Shekhtman Optimization of asymmetric tooth root generated with protuberance hob S. 403-414

„… applications that require high gear tooth flank accuracy and high load capacity as well as low gear production …” „… . Root profile tolerance should be about 2-3 accuracy grades lower than the ground involute flank …” „… profile tolerance. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019412 Fig. 10: CMM measurement of asymmetric gear …”

K. Humm, M.-S. Wirth, A. Linnemann, T. Schalk Determination of fatigue strength of plastic gears under consideration of environmental influences S. 1291-1298

„… sufficient accuracy. It shows a material behavior which can be used in different calculation methods. These …” „… between the two mating partners at a torque defined in the test plan is determined by the measurement in …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… the speed of solving process of the analytical model and the accuracy of calculating the mesh …” „… . Oswald, Dennis P.: Townsend. Dynamic Measurements of Gear Tooth Friction and Load. National Aeronautics …”

P. Scholzen, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, D. Billenstein, F. Rieg, G. Hammerl Investigation of the influence of elastic gear body structures on the operational behavior of gears S. 785-796

„… positive-definite [4]: min ∙ Specified therein tz is the machine accuracy, NFG the number of degrees of freedom …” „… . Finite Element Mesh Criteria The accuracy of the tetrahedron-hexahedron contact is ensured by the …” „… expected calculation accuracy, for example in an interval from 0 to 1 [7]. The ideal element shape …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… molded. At the same time, there are several drawbacks such as lower accuracy, lower strength and higher …” „… meaningful for high precision gears with accuracy grade equal or less than 4 which is generally difficult to …” „… ; Base tangent length (Number of teeth for measurement) ; mm 7.756; 7.656 (3) ; mm 10.662 …”

J. Han, Y. Zhu, X. Tian, L. Xia A method of tooth longitudinal modification for internal gearing power honing S. 1725-1738

„… , transmission accuracy and strength of gears. When processing modified gears, a diamond dressing wheel with …” „… function of on-line measurement. From the above analysis, it can be seen that many gear modification …” „… ，， (4) The order of polynomial depends on the requirement of modification accuracy. The polynomial …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze Improved tooth contact analysis by using virtual gear twins – How helpful is AI for finding best gear design? S. 203-216

„… deviation, which balances around expected value zero, caused by measurement deviation of gears, deviation …” „… accuracy. Figure 11: Testing and quality check of neuronal network (left: module, right …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… calculated and represented as a gear measurement report. Standard modifications and periodic flank …” „… , 20191810 [17] Guo Z et al.: Influences of tool setting errors on gear skiving accuracy. IJAMT 91/9 …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1811 [33] Utakapan T et al.: Measurement of gear noise behaviour for different …”

A. Carbonelli Transferring knowledge about gear systems to machines in order to improve diagnosis efficiency S. 1065-1076

„… realistic measurement campaign found on the web thanks to the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM …” „… poor quality could not be that helpful according to the accuracy aimed for, - The prior (human …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… are mounted on the torsional shaft (5). Prior to the test run the measurement device for the load …” „… essential influencing variables on the phenomenon mircopitting with good accuracy. The standardized …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2313 2017

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K. Kanto, T. Yamada Non-contact profile measurement machine-Better insight into complex gear shapes with dense 3D scans S. 29-30

„… measurement time short was almost realized. However, the measurement accuracy of the current non-contact …” „… measurement machine for obtaining high accuracy and high density point cloud data with high throughput”. It …” „… Non-contact profile measurement machine Better insight into complex gear shapes with dense 3D …”

G. Goch, Y. Peng, K. Ni, A. Günther Optical and areal measurements and evaluations of cylindrical gears S. 31-32

„… Optical and Areal Measurements and Evaluations of Cylindrical Gears Gert Goch, Yue Peng, Kang …” „… . The direct comparison of optical-areal measurements with conventional tactile measurements, obtained …” „… gear to meet high accuracy grades to reduce the noise emission and increase power density. The …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023136

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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International Conference on Gears 2023

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Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… Accuracy: 1. Analytical Inspection or measurement 1.1. Macro geometry measurement 1.2. Micro geometry …” „… (+/-). The aim of this project is to classify beveloid gear quality tables via high-accuracy quality controls …” „… using traditional measurement methods on the profile and leads to straight beveloid gear internal and …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… measurements and modelling using an experimental case study. Gear noise data is obtained using sound level …” „… predictability, a framework has been built that combines observations from sound level measurements and dynamic …” „… during impact. However, it is also commonly known that manufacturing accuracy plays a large role in gear …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… Large gear metrology at PTB Experience and measurement results in the field of large gear metrology …” „… external gear measurement standard of 1 m in diameter. Using the example of this measurement standard and …” „… the large gear ring measurement standard with a diameter of 2 m, the measurement results since 2014 …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… calibration of the measuring tips, the accuracy of the measurements is ensured. This process is performed by …” „… with the limited manufacturing accuracy and assembly deviations by which the performance is affected …” „… , several experimental studies were conducted, focusing on the measurement by using strain gauges: Ligata [3 …”

H. Yakaria Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers S. 1617-1630

„… evaluation of measurement results, most gear transmission producers use commonly their own internal corporate …” „… , measurement planning, and presentation of evaluation results (Fig. 2). In the context of product development …” „… measurement and evaluation instructions for a specific gear part within the measurement process is crucial. An …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… during operation and determine the backlash range. After measurements, they could be classified & grouped …” „… added to (excel) sheets of different runouts, tooth thicknesses under span measurement/over two balls …” „… rig was designed & constructed for experimental measurements. Using the measurement data bank …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… the measurement of profiles, helix lines and pitch points on the involute gear flanks. Based on the …” „… measurement with tactile styli is more challenging. As a last resort, measurements based on computed …” „… tomography are one of the last options to fulfil this task. After reconstruction the measurement result is a …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… measurements. 3 Introduction In the analysis of industrial gear units, MBS is commonly employed to simulate …” „… accuracy regarding the excitation sources within the gearbox was not possible. In [3], the flexible MBS …” „… normal velocities at two specific points during the rundown phase with experimental measurements, a …”

N. De Bie, W. Smet, T. Van Der Kamp Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements S. 291-300

„… Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements M. Sc …” „… parameter for gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear stage. As such TE measurement acts as a low-cost …” „… alternative for flank load distribution measurements using strain gauges. Strain gauges measurements, in turn …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae Estimation of brittleness of CCH-steel via measurement of micro-VH and simultaneous FWHM distribution S. 1699-1712

„… Estimation of brittleness of CCH-steel via measurement of micro-VH and simultaneous FWHM …” „… hardness measurement in the cross section of the tooth was carried out with hardness distribution analyze r …” „… H DA to see the scattering of hardness from the case to core. -ray di raction measurement was then …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… gear wheel as a material measure are described for one measurement concept. A feature to compare the …” „… magnetoresistive (MR) sensors to measure the gear wheel angle. Using these measurement concepts no or little …” „… one-stage gearbox using this measurement technique. This requires additional mounting at the rotating shaft …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… several factors that can influence the accuracy of the final measurements. First, the light source …” „… two- or three-dimensional optical measurements. Bui et al. [19] employed an HSC to detect cracks on …” „… orthogonal cutting on steel samples. Furthermore, Deng et al. [23] showcased the utility of HSC measurements …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… and wear measurement of plastic gears has been developed at the Institute of Polymer Technology (LKT …” „… on the input and output shafts. This measuring principle enables continuous measurement of elastic …” „… a high loading torque and a lower measuring torque.The newly developed measurement principle was …”

C. Dongu Im, W.-J. Chung, J.-H. Park, D.-J. Moon, Pfor. Y.-J. Park The effect of working surface deviation on transmission error in helical gears S. 1125-1134

„… . Multiple profile line-scanning measurement was conducted for all teeth along the radial direction …” „… , respectively, to represent the tooth working surface deviation with high resolution. Based on the measurement …” „… tooth shape measurements were incorporated into the analysis model. Furthermore, extended tip contact …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… acceptable repeatability values that would allow authors to draw conclusions with confidence. The measurement …” „… 1.35 Overlap Ratio 1.099 Accuracy Grade, ISO 1328-1:2013 5 Table 2: Micro-geometry of test gears Tip …” „… diamond tip with a 2µm in radius and 2mm vertical measurement range, the 5-degree polynomial form removal …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… gearbox components with CAE tools. The calculation results are influenced by the accuracy of the used …” „… often presumed based on low dynamic motor current measurements, occurred damages, or experiences of the …” „… integrated long-term measurement system. Values like speed, torque and vibration have been measured over …”

K. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A. Domon Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber Orientation S. 1351-1360

„… life of gears predicted by conventional FEM is shown.3-1. Fatigue life measurement of gearsGear fatigue …” „… : Number of cycle till gear failureN=1 N=2 N=3440577 363327 3046733-2. Measurement of S-N data using …” „… anisotropy due to glass fiber can greatly improve the accuracy of gear fatigue life prediction. Fig. 13 …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… enhancing the gear accuracy. Several research have been done to provide benchmarks that must be met during …” „… indicator is calculated from the measurements discretely by averaging normal velocities measured on the …” „… ). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023170Afterwards both numerical and measurement results are compared (N.B. the model …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… production with profile and flank line measurements. A reasonable tolerance interval is necessary for gear …” „… Evaluation of the impact of manufacturing deviations When gear profile measurements are analyzed, the signal …” „… for the flank line) of the intended accuracy grade (e.g. according to ISO 1328 [8]). Fig. 1 …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… temperature measurements on the gear’s surface. An emissivity value of ε = 0.95 was used for the thermal …” „… measurements. Similar emissivity values were reported for POM and PA materials in relevant studies [12,22 …” „… ]. Fig. 4. Hobbing of the gear samples post-processing the optical measurements Fig. 5. Experimental …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… not captured by the simulation. In order to increase the measurement accuracy and range, an upgrade of …” „… at the dynamic test rig of the Gear Research Center (FZG) were per-formed. Due to the measurement of …” „… measurements of static and dynamic loaded transmission error using helical gears with various modifications …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… ability to achieve the highest possible geometrical accuracy and density levels [3]. In this process, a …” „… to control the density through this parametrization process, Archimedes density measurements and …” „… Cr-tube. The measurements were performed with a spot diameter of 2 mm and a setup for the α-Fe diffraction …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… agreement with VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023502experimental measurements. Fondelli et al. [44] used such …” „… interpolation causes numerical error and loss of accuracy. Klier et al. [46] applied the over-set mesh approach …” „… interpolation of the field variables, hence ensuring high accuracy. On the other hand, the regeneration of the …”

W. Kassem, J. Müller, M. Oehler, O. Koch Analytical tooth root stress calculation for short fiberreinforced plastic gears S. 1361-1374

„… feasibility and accuracy of the proposed approach. 2. Tooth root stress calculation according to the current …” „… plastic gears For quantitative statements on fiber orientation, CT measurements were carried out in IVW …” „… measurement was done for a gear from VDI 2736-4 size 2, see [5]. Fig. 4 shows on the top the main orientation …”

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… Zahnradfertigung. Abstract In manufacturing of gears attention must be paid to the geometrical accuracy of the …” „… achieve a particularly high geometric accuracy of the gearing. However, practice shows that some …” „… analyzes the physical and process-related measurement data from any number of vibration sensors during …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… , sustainability, accuracy, and productivity. By utilizing material and applying a lightweight structural design …” „… . Fig. 3: Helix corrected measurements of the gearing produced by a) the conventional forming machine, b …” „… order to generate greater torques with simultaneously higher positioning accuracy and, thus, to improve …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… geometries. This allows the stiffness of these components to be reproduced with sufficient accuracy. In …” „… aspect ratios might occur, but they are not critical for the accuracy of the results. The meshing quality …” „… usual form and position tolerances and measurement data from series monitoring of comparable components …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… : Ambient temperature / °C A measurement of the contact region can be seen in Figure 4 for the case of the …” „… behaviour according to the measurements. Also, it would significantly increase the computational time …” „… 32.4 To assess the thermo-mechanical accuracy of the FEM model, displacements along the x-direction at …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… determined either by strain measurement at the crack opening or by the electropotential method via change of …” „… out according to ASTM E399. In order to be able to map the typical local measurement state over the …” „… %. The influencing analysis shows that the accuracy in the determination of C and m is very important …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… recommended to select the minimum safety factor SFmin depending on the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231092accuracy …” „… detailed measurements are provided in [12, 20 through 22]. Data of measured surface hardness is found in …” „… tooth root based on the measurements was derived. The influence of deviation-related contact patterns on …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… following power loss calculation methods and to check the accuracy of this prediction by comparing it with …” „… measurement of the power loss. The methods of calculation for all individual components of power loss …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… conclusion more heat treatment simulations and measurements of gears are needed. Furthermore in order to …” „… determine the accuracy of BO1 and BO2 more examples of gear pairs are needed that failed due to TFF. However …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… Eulerian description of the flow variables. In general, the accuracy of numerical solutions increases with …” „… n1 = 2500 rpm for every test run using mineral oil of viscosity class 100. The measurement of the …” „… view and the back view. To increase optical accuracy additional factors like the surface tension …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… tooth flank description, fast 3D contact detection and various levels of accuracy for the contact force …” „… flank measurement data files. This means that a user can analyze the actually designed gear pair …”

J. Sanchez-Espiga, A. Diez-Ibarbia, M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez-del-Rincon, F. Viadero, J. Calvo-Irisarri, A. Fernandez-Sison Statistical study of the mesh load factor of planetary gear transmissions affected by inherent manufacturing errors S. 139-156

„… measurement from tooth root strains: Numerical evaluation of mesh phasing influence,” Mech. Mach. Theory, vol …” „… . Fernandez-del-Rincon, M. Iglesias, and F. Viadero, “Numerical evaluation of the accuracy in the load sharing …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… based on three illustrative gearings, for which measurement data is available from test bench trials …” „… sufficient accuracy. Current analytical calculation approaches are only designed and validated for steel …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… measurement was carried out in the transverse section and compared with the calculated contour. The ZI and ZC …” „… the Powder-Bed-Fusion category in [5]. Due to the manufacturing process, the accuracy is limited by …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… roughness (flank) 2.5 KA/- application factor 1.25 Accuracy Grade/- - 6 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1241 …” „… high power loss and low dynamic effects allow for a better experimental torque measurement due to the …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… frictional heat and constraining the motion amplitudes can be modeled. The accuracy of the natural …” „… it can be useful at the design phase and during the measurement or investigation of a real problem …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… a six-jaw oblique bolt chuck, see Fig. 7b. Measurements of the manufactured gears were performed on …” „… errors can be approximated with high degree of accuracy by a 4th-order approach function for the change …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… simulation is validated by a measurement of the housing accelerations of a two-stage double-helical gearbox …” „… : The practical use of structural finite element models and their accuracy in comparison with …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… accuracy, especially at high loads. Cao et al. [6] evaluated the lubrication performance under different …” „… different units of measurements and/or different scales. The solution obtained by minimizing the efficiency …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Messunsicherheit 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Messunsicherheit 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2365 2019

Results in this title

T. Fröhlich, N. Rogge, S. Vasilyan, F. Hilbrunner, C. Rothleitner, L. Günther, D. Knopf, S. Lin, F. Härtig The Planck-Balance (PB2) – Using a fixed value of the Planck constant to calibrate E2-weights S. 41-52

„… processes any longer, because all measurements are traceable via the electrical quantities to the Planck …” „… Planck-Balance is focused on robust and daily use and allow relative measurement uncertainties comparable to …” „… calibrations of balances, all weighing, all force, all torque and power measurements were traceable through a …”

T. Sasiuk, T. Fröhlich, R. Theska, M. Darnieder Generation of a static torque in the range of 1 mN·m to 1 N·m according to the Jokey-weight principle S. 111-120

„… on the real measurements, taking into account all influential factors. A reserve of accuracy of one …” „… measurement range up to 1 N·m are part of the different precision devices, for example robot or tools for …” „… increase accuracy, minimize and miniaturize, energy efficiency and automation. Automation is the creation …”

S. Lin, C. Rothleitner, L. Günther, D. Knopf, F. Härtig, N. Rogge, S. Vasilyan, F. Hilbrunner, T. Fröhlich The Planck-Balance (PB2) – Tracing the mass via electrical quantities S. 53-66

„… uncertainty for a 20 g mass measurement will be given. 1. Introduction Originally, Kibble balances were …” „… developed for the measurement of the Planck constant. To this end a well calibrated (traceable to the …” „… to 100 g. The accuracy of the balance shall equal the accuracy class E2 (the reason for the …”

D. Corminboeuf Calibration and application using inductive voltage dividers – Calibration of inductive voltage divider and generation of very small AC voltages for the calibration of lock-in amplifiers. S. 99-110

„… are used to produce voltage ratios with a very high accuracy and the measurement of voltage ratios is …” „… amplifiers, high voltage measurements, etc… Therefore, the calibration of the IVDs is important because it …” „… contributes to the traceability of these measurements. The primary method described in the following section …”

S. Vasilyan, N. Rogge, T. Fröhlich Metrology in direct photon momentum measurement S. 193-206

„… Metrology in direkter Photonenimpulsmessung Metrology in direct photon momentum measurement …” „… Universität Ilmenau Abstract Advances in the field of mass/force measurements together with the …” „… applications in other fields where (including the quantum physics) measurements with significantly improved …”

F. Fern, R. Schienbein, R. Füßl Neues Konzept für eine fünfachsige Nanomessmaschine S. 131-138

„… comparator principle for all measurement axes the motion error of the sensor during the rotation is measured …” „… by an in-situ-measurement system. It consists of three Cartesian arranged Fabry-Pérot-interferometers …” „… . ; WIDDERSHOVEN, I. ; SCHULZ, M. ; ELSTER, C.: Interlaboratory comparison measurements of aspheres. In …”

J. van der Grinten A comparison of statistical testing and Monte Carlo methods for Conformity assessment S. 227-240

„… clients use the measurement results to decide whether the instrument meets its pre-set specifications …” „… . Often this decision is complicated by the measurement uncertainty of the calibration result, especially …” „… tighter than ±0.5%. The currently achievable measurement uncertainties, called CMCs, for high-pressure gas …”

Eignungsnachweis/Prüfprozessüberwachung S. 307-336

„… tactile on-machine measurement process enables inspection of geometric part features, which can lead to …” „… an agile qualification procedure for such insitu measurement process. Since a machine tool is …” „… influences and consequently reduce the resulting measurement error. This procedure is implemented on a …”

F. Härtig, K. Lehrmann Das neue internationale Einheitensystem – jetzt auch für Außerirdische S. 1-14

„… terms of accuracy or scope of implementation. A system that offers many advantages, but is more …” „… ; https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/history-si/evolution-metre.html (2019-03- 03) [3] M. Planck, Ueber irreversible Strahlungsvorgänge Annalen der Physik Volume …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023655

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