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Volkan Gezer - A Modular and Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing

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Volkan Gezer

A Modular and Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 874 2021

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State of the Art S. 11-54

„… Computing. It also explains its challenges (Sec. 2.2.1) and how the scheduling works on real‐time operating …” „… will also focus on scheduling algorithms for real‐time systems, which is one of the challenges. 2.2.1 …” „… how scheduling for real‐time processing can be planned to avoid deadline misses. 2.2.2 Scheduling for …”

Bibliography S. 129-152

„… , C. L.: On a Real‐Time Scheduling Problem. Operations Research 26/ 1, pp. 127–140, 1978. [DS12 …” „… . [KK12] Khera, I.; Kakkar, A.: Comparative Study of Scheduling Algorithms for Real Time En‐ vironment …” „… .: On‐line scheduling of scalable real‐time tasks onmulti‐ processor systems. Journal of Parallel and …”

Conclusion and Outlook S. 116-128

„… architecture for the Edge Servers in the Edge Computing domain, to handle real‐time task requests, and execute …” „… ‐ ments of Edge Computing. Later, it moved to the real‐time computing domain where the thesis is mostly …” „… focused on. It defined the real‐time term, listed its challenges, problems, and how they can be overcome …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… – real-time scheduling – fog computing – task offloading – edge in manufacturing – edge server – software …” „… Real‐Time Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.2 Scheduling for Real‐Time Processing …” „… Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing M.Sc. Volkan Gezer, Kaiserslautern BAND 1|1 VOLUME …”

Scheduling and Decision Making Methodology S. 55-64

„… Cloud Computing, Edge Computing and Real‐ Time Computing were clarified and the state‐of‐the‐art …” „… non‐resumable and preemptible tasks together. Instead of slack time, NAPATA scheduling uses only the remain‐ 56 …” „… Chapter 3: Scheduling and Decision Making Methodology ing times of the active tasks. If a non‐resumable …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… for CPS is an effective, reliable, accurate and real‐time control. In IoT, however, the goal is better …” „… dependency of the systems to the Internet, making real‐ time computation and real‐time control possible, even …” „… communication, whereas solid arrows are real‐ time capable connections. The aim is to execute tasks requested by …”

Software Reference Architecture S. 65-82

„… Edge Servers to put Edge Computing benefits such as real‐time execution, self‐configuration …” „… figure, Edge Servers have direct ac‐ cess to the End Devices or each other using real‐time communication …” „… due to the behaviour of Cloud Computing, whereas solid ar‐ rows show real‐time capable communications …”

Implementation and Validation S. 83-115

„… Computing domain. The presented architecture enables execution of real‐time tasks in a scalable, extensible …” „… created framework is later validated with two complex scenarios. This frame‐ work is called Real‐Time Edge …” „… these concepts are realized in an exemplary framework called Real‐Time Edge Frame‐ work (RTEF). The RTEF …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186874108

Sten Grüner - Ressourcenadaptive Anwendungen für die operative Prozessleittechnik

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Sten Grüner

Ressourcenadaptive Anwendungen für die operative Prozessleittechnik

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1257 2017

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Real-Time Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.2. Dynamische Änderung der Zykluszeit einzelner …” „… automation components as well as the provision of additional non real-time information like the description …” „… non-trivial due to the hard real-time requirements of industrial runtime environments. On one hand, the …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 136-154

„… , 3.3.4 [AMM04] Kapitel Periodic Reward-Based Scheduling and Its Application to Power- Aware Real-Time …” „… Through Elastic Scheduling. In: Real-Time Syst. 23 (2002), Nr. 1/2, 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A …” „… . ; Bertogna, Marko ; Yao, Gang: Limited Preemptive Scheduling for Real-Time Systems. A Survey. In: Industrial …”

Diskussion der Ergebnisse S. 122-125

„… Real-Time Scheduling und Elastic Model. Einige der beschriebenen Features dieser Referenzarchitektur, wie …” „… Umstrukturierung der Scheduling-Tabelle. Die implizite „Abgabe“ der ungenutzten Zeit an Tasks mit niedrigerer …” „… Komponentenschedulers bedient sich der breiten Auswahl der existierenden Scheduling-Konzepte wie Predictably Flexible …”

Analyse der Ansätze für Anwendungen mit flexiblen temporalen Eigenschaften S. 47-57

„… Anwendungskomponenten 5.1.6. Predictably Flexible Real-Time Scheduling Als Ergänzung zu den Scheduling-Verfahren für das …” „… Flexible Real-Time Scheduling“ vorgestellt. Die Vorteile der tabellenbasierten Scheduler, wie …” „… Ergebnis in diskreten Schritten verbessern. Die monotonen Berechnungen sind aus der Scheduling-Sicht am …”

Ein Rahmenwerk für die Integration von ressourcenadaptiven Anwendungen S. 58-107

„… Grundprinzip dem Predictably Flexible Real-Time Scheduling Modell ähnelt (vgl. Abschnitt 5.1.6). Die …” „… Architektur für den Aufbau von RA- Anwendungen, • Predictably Flexbile Scheduling als das Scheduling-Prinzip …” „… . Einheitliche Laufzeitarchitektur Bevor ein Scheduling-Problem aufgestellt und ein Algorithmus zu dessen Lösung …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186257086

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

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S. Poledna driving platforms – Tailoring fail-operational systems based on production experience in the aerospace industry for the automotive use cases S. 537-550

„… and communications network traffic scheduling in order to fulfil end-to-end real-time guarantees …” „… traffic scheduling in order to fulfil end-to-end real-time guarantees. Built on deterministic technologies …” „… , 2019 537 upon the high automotive-grade requirements and perform safety-critical and real-time …”

G. Reichart, M. Niklas AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform – A standardized SW platform for intelligent vehicles with functional safety and data integrity S. 493-502

„… . safety, availability, security or real-time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019494 Nevertheless the well-known …” „… applications are characterized VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019 495 by high-demands on safety, real-time and …” „… . Introduction Cars continue to turn into real cyber physical systems – just connecting to the internet and …”

M. Oertel, J. Wolf Safety for Automated Driving with High Performance ECUs S. 395-406

„… lack proper hard real-time features. Linux can e.g. be extended with the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357 …” „… time interval. Often, mechanisms like deadline monitoring for certain software functions or additional …” „… part of a system can fail at any point in time with a certain probability. There are different …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Autoreg 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2349 2019

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F. Hundertmark, M. Grotjahn Automated design of structured gain-scheduling oil pressure controllers by modern synthesis methods S. 403-416

„… independent of the operating point. The time response of the GS-control via the scheduling variable should …” „… sampling time is Ts = 0.01 s. The oil pressure of the real system in combustion engines changes …” „… Abhängigkeit der Scheduling-Variable berechnet. Der resultierende Gain-Scheduling-Regler zeigt daher unabhängig …”

F. Nolteernsting, R. Röthig, T. Oehlschlägel, M. Schultalbers, U. Becker Gain-Scheduling-Regelung des Ladedrucks eines Ottomotors auf Basis lokal linearer strukturierter H∞-optimaler Regler – Systematische robuste Bedatung einer konventionellen Reglerstruktur S. 389-402

„… Arbeitspunkte der lokal linearen Modelle. Im Hinblick auf das vorgeschlagene klassische Gain- Scheduling-Konzept …” „… Scheduling-Parameter stark variiert. 4.3.2 Ergebnisse In Versuchen wird der dargestellte Lastschlag je 50-mal auf den …” „… vorliegenden Artikel wird ein systematischer Entwurfsprozess für eine Gain- Scheduling-Regelung auf Basis lokal …”

P. Vogt, S. Schulze, E. Lenz, U. Konigorski, A. Klug, H. Westerfeld Vorsteuerungsentwurf fur einen robusten Zwei-Freiheitsgrade Schlupfregler fur Antiblockiersysteme S. 209-220

„… eines Nickmodells für alle Räder auch bei dynamischen Radlastveränderungen das reale Fahrzeugverhalten …” „… besser abbilden kann und zum anderen durch Verwendung eines nichtlinearen Hydraulikmodells das reale …” „… nonlinear actuator model, which is able to reflect the real actuator behavior better, especially for the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023495

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Automation 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2375 2020

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S. Baer, F. Baer, D. Turner, S. Pol, T. Meisen Integration of a Reactive Scheduling Solution using Reinforcement Learning in a Manufacturing System S. 645-658

„… recalculated, leading to long waiting times during production. Hard-coded solutions for offline scheduling …” „… real-time. This allows the system to react to changes, such as rearranged modules or machine downtime …” „… unavailable due to planned or unplanned downtime, the event can be handled by the agents in near real-time …”

C. Huang, S. Seidel, F. Alberto Velarde Gonzales, D. Mayer Kostenoptimale Steuerung eines multivalenten Gebäudeenergiesystems mittels modellprädiktivem Ansatz und Reinforcement Learning S. 43-58

„… . Both methods are able to decrease energy consumption and keep comfort at the same time. 1 …” „… für die entworfenen Energiemanager (EM). Es orientiert sich dabei an einem realen Einfamilienhaus …” „… .2011.2158841. [6] Wigstrom O, Lennartson B. Scheduling model for systems with complex alternative behaviour …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023754

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