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Herwig Unger, Wolfgang A. Halang - Autonomous Systems 2016

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Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Autonomous Systems 2016

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 848 2016

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„… external interfaces [B2], • Throughput and real-time characteristics, that means, time constraints [B3 …” „… safety-related real-time data processing. 3.1 Unstructured Specification Techniques The main characteristics of …” „… for specifying real-time systems, because at any time the given time constraints are known and can be …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… /VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 72,90. Keywords: Autonomous Systems – Safety-related and Real-time Systems – Networks and …” „… considered in this volume. To begin with, in its first section on safety-related and real-time systems …” „… . Herwig Unger Wolfgang A. Halang VI Contents Safety-related and Real-time Systems A Comparative Survey of …”

Education S. 195-218

„… real addresses may change within short periods of time. Now there is a concept, called virtual machines …” „… courses on project management, group communication, and so on.) These project assignments simulate real …” „… the time in the classroom for fostering understanding. This is done by asking the students questions …”

Neural and Evolutionary Computing S. 133-166

„… Dual Echo State networks. First, the importance of a real-time matrix inversion function is highlighted …” „… the others. To start with, the real time processing contexts are complex. Same is the case when the …” „… real time computation is to be done, that might prove to be really challenging. Another issue in such …”

Networks and Routing S. 70-103

„… doing so, it is aimed to minimise travelling times between source and sink nodes, and to use as …” „… networktopological characteristics, using Pajek [6]. According to the objectives minimising the travelling time and …” „… Travelling Time Resulting Route Topological Analysis of Network Fig. 3: Concept of routing approach The …”

Natural Language Processing S. 167-194

„… words – as representations of real-world entities – but a certain composition of them [1], too. In many …” „… co-occurrence graph – similarly to the knowledge in the human brain – may be built step by step over a long time …” „… over time topical centers of interest (a notion normally used to describe the part of a picture that …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186848109

Herwig Unger, Wolfgang A. Halang - Autonomous Systems 2017

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Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Autonomous Systems 2017

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 857 2017

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René Schwantuschke High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application S. 258

„… 258 High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application René Schwantuschke Faculty of Mathematics …” „… stock exchanges is considered as an application in the financial sector for which real-time requirements …” „… suitability. It turns out that this platform was not designed with real-time capability in mind, and that the …”

Stefan Widmann A Data Specification Architecture S. 215-229

„… operation result Violation of real-time requirements Violation of deadline Premature data update Late data …” „… appropriate error handling can be applied. 4.5 Deadline Tag Systems with hard real-time constraints are …” „… ; http://heartbleed.com/; 2014 [9] B. Dasarathy: Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems: Constructs for Expressing Them …”

Dit Suthiwong, Maleerat Sodanil, Gerald Quirchmayr, Herwig Unger Stock Selection by Using an improved quick Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm S. 65-77

„… complex task in real-world problems. In this work, we proposed a Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) to deal with …” „… first proposed by Karaboga [1] in 2005, ABC had shown competitive performance [2] on many real world …” „… return of stock i at current time t, Pi,t denote price of stock i at current time t, Pi,t−1 denote …”

Nkiedel Alain Akwir, Muhindo Kule Mutengi A Survey of Traffic Flow Modelling Concepts: Pros and Cons of Traditional Models S. 230-244

„… real-time traffic state”, Physica A, vol. 437, pp. 55–67, 2015. [32] Nooshin Davoodi ; Ali R. Soheili ; and …” „… fundamental traffic flow parameters) over space and time through partial differential equations. Different …” „… and time equals zero [3]). We will notice that, nevertheless, this model is still useful when it comes …”

Theodor Tempelmeier Keynote 2 Ethics in Autonomous Driving S. 10-19

„… ., Konakovsky, R. M.: Sicherheitsgerichtete Echtzeitsysteme. (Safety-oriented Real-Time Systems. In German) 2 …” „… . Auflage, Springer, Berlin 2013. [10] Section on “Safety-related and Real-Time Systems”. In: Autonomous …” „… with “sufficient” buffer time, if it is necessary for the driver to take over [5, para. 1a]. That would …”

Pongsarun Boonyopakorn, Phayung Meesad Performance Evaluation of an Immune Genetic Algorithm S. 32-64

„… suitable form such as string form, real valued vector form, and hybrid form are considered as self-data …” „… : subject, section, instructor, time, and room. 110011100110011 Fig. 3: Chromosome Representation where bit …” „… represents times, and 13–15 represents room. 2.5 Initial Population The chromosome’s fitness value is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application René Schwantuschke …” „… needs time and honest, non-egoistic and enduring talk among colleagues and friends. Nevertheless, like …”

Maleerat Sodanil, Yuttana Lungkatoong, Gerald Quirchmayr Named Entity Recognition in Thai Messages to Detect Natural Disasters S. 78-87

„… relevant to disaster management, shareable information at the same time. These information are beneficial …” „… for people in order to help and support just in time or in advance. Normally, data type can be either …” „… . The results given such a good score which can be applied to use in the real world. 1 Introduction …”

Gerhard Sartorius Metrology and Machine Learning S. 88-104

„… inmachine learning consist of two steps: 1. Detection of a real status or object in the form of data which …” „… real value exceeds the limit. To avoidmaking bad decisions following the golden rule of metrology, the …” „… measurement time can lead to feedback effects. The magnitude of this error is dependent on the deviation …”

Günter Fahrnberger Secure Filtering Techniques for Instant Messaging S. 174-187

„… key. Altogether, Alice remains anonymous for the sieve and can be sure at the same time that merely …” „… in the whitelist in future or excluded from there. One-time secret keys to assure privacy: Alice and …” „… . Promoting internet safety through public awareness campaigns - guidance for using real life examples …”

Gerhard Sartorius Data Preprocessing and Outlier Detection in Multivariate Data S. 105-140

„… value. However, the following is important when cleansing the data: real data such as measured values …” „… measured at different times, at different locations or under differing conditions, which represent the …” „… of the sample plus three times of the standard deviation, estimated by s with formula 8 in [15] for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186857101

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

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S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles OEM Digital …” „… : Context-Aware Smart E-Mobility Services A real-time contextual intelligence fabric is a fundamental …” „… Health (SoH) and degradation of vehicle components like batteries, among other capabilities. Real-time …”

K. Saad, A. Sligar, R. Kipp, J. Decker, D. Rey, S. M. Canta Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation – An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of Autonomous Driving S. 83-94

„… Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of …” „… electromagnetic applications, Ansys physics-based Real Time Radar (RTR) introduces a new paradigm for sensor …” „… training process of ML algorithms highly relies on labeled training data, Ansys’ Real Time Radar (RTR …”

J. Becker, D. Pangercic A Safety-Certified Vehicle OS to Enable Software-Defined Vehicles S. 435-446

„… , real-time execution, and with automotive functional safety certification. We draw an analogy to the field …” „… real-time) ten years ago and addressed the first five challenges by developing ROS (the Robot Operating …” „… Apex.OS (Apex.AI’s proprietary fork of ROS 2), we addressed real-time and deterministic execution by …”

M. Rath, N. KN, A. K. Laxminarayana, R. Tandon Automated Driving – How cloud infrastructure plays a vital role in future of validation for Automated Driving? S. 95-104

„… Monitoring framework: The executions are monitored continuously on real time by APM (Application Performance …” „… ) will be extremely time consuming and expensive. Thus, ADAS/AD applications must be tested virtually …” „… the cloud environment. This offers scale to run millions of scenarios in a cost and time efficient …”

T. Fricke, F. Schuck, J. Vogelpoh, J. Ax, R. Stolpe, H. Amelunxen Collaborative Development of a Test Environment for Automated Driving S. 5-16

„… Systems In this paper, we focus on HIL testing of AD-HPCs using closed-loop real-time HIL testing …” „… behaviour. All of this has to happen in real time. In setting up such a HIL test environment, many …” „… real-time computer (RT-PC), which provides the communication interface simulation for the system under test …”

A. P. Das, K. Thomas, A. Mohan, A. S. Akhil, K. P. Ganesh A Battery Digital Twin framework for Predictive Maintenance and State of Health Estimation of Electric Vehicles S. 579-592

„… of data during the operation of a vehicle, with poor real-time capability and data utilization rate …” „… based representation of battery. 2. Edge device interfaces The real-time data of an EV battery pack is …” „… in the ecosystem. The system should have features such as better interoperability, real-time data …”

T. Fuchs, O. Manicke, M. Zinser, B. Baker Automotive digital twin: An approach for isolating and virtual validating of software updates in end-to-end architectures based on customer vehicles S. 223-236

„… multi-physical, scalable, precise, and real-time simulations, enhances testing of software in customer vehicles …” „… Analysis for Task Chains in Communicating Threads. 2016 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and …” „… success of SOTA updates. While real prototypes are accessible during the vehicle development process, the …”

J. Klesing, P. Schmitt Chassis Health Management – End-to-End Architecture and Methods S. 105-116

„… System are Fault Symptoms, which are generated via real-time system models. The Diagnostic Reasoner uses …” „… cloud aggregates data from the entire vehicle fleet in real-time, which enables trend analyses to be …” „… provides Remote Real-Time Data Central Monitoring of Vehicle + Cloud " 3 Proactive Component-level Alerts …”

S. Apartsin, H. Stein, G. Reiter, K. Williams AI-based Signal Integrity Monitoring for Integrated Vehicle Health Management S. 143-150

„… vehicle in real-time, AI-based VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 143 Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM …” „… signals in real time, these deep learning pipelines can provide valuable prognostic and predictive …” „… the input signals and varies in real time as the monitored system’s conditions change. Because it …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… of the environment can be real, virtual or hybrid. Two major challenges arise, if real-time effects …” „… . Future work will focus on expanding and improving the method, as well as implementing a real vehicle …” „… mainly recommendations, thus real implementations can differ. On the one hand, the numbers of EVSE …”

D. Bartlett, S. Sesia, T. Yuan Liu Hybrid collaborative positioning/navigation scheme for performance enhancements and local perception improvement for automated driving S. 47-60

„… the health and safety aspects of the vehicle, executing functions in real time. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… need real-time response times. This includes not only health and safety functions, but also non-health …” „… Central Controller Compute A Compute B Compute C ADAS Compute 4G / 5G Capability B Real Time / PT‐CAN Real Time …”

S. Selitrennikoff, M. Ortegon-Cabrera Architecting for Secure, Safe and Agile Software Defined Vehicles – Learnings from the Personal Computer industry S. 395-408

„… the health and safety aspects of the vehicle, executing functions in real time. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… need real-time response times. This includes not only health and safety functions, but also non-health …” „… Central Controller Compute A Compute B Compute C ADAS Compute 4G / 5G Capability B Real Time / PT‐CAN Real Time …”

S. Wonneberger, S. Balci Reliable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Functions by Increasing the Virtualization Level of High Performance Computing Platforms and Smart Sensors S. 17-28

„… state-of-the-art virtualization and deployment technologies. - High Real-Time Factor For fast test responses we …” „… further demand an simulation factor close to one (real-time) and thus exclude processor or partial …” „… middleware platform as described above and where able to stream even high resolution image data in real-time …”

G. Reichart, R. Asmus, B. Mattner AUTOSAR Vehicle Operating System (AVOS) – The Safe and Secure Framework for Automotive System Architectures S. 245-256

„… . On the one hand, there are the requirements for real-time behavior or the scalability of memory and …” „… layered architecture, where the realtime operating systems (e.g., OSEK-OS, POSIX), non-real-time operating …” „… (memory, timing, etc.). It is statically configured and scaled and suitable for hard real-time …”

I. Trefz Virtual software platform for the car – On the road to the next paradigm shift with VIRTIO standards S. 237-244

„… of guest operating systems such as Linux, Android, AUTOSAR or other real-time operating systems in …” „… real-time operating systems. The standard, officially called "OASIS Virtual I/O Devices", is promoted and …” „… , reduces development and BOM costs, and shortens time-to-market. Especially in the cockpit, manufacturers …”

K. Heurtefeux, M. Kumar, M. Cassol New Automotive E/E architecture and how TC4xx enables it – From domain-based to zone-based approach S. 429-434

„… 4Dx. In terms of security, the TC4xx includes the Cybersecurity Real-time Module (CSRM) which is …” „… article, with the AURIX™ Real-time Microcontrollers Infineon offers right fitting microcontrollers to …” „… a central gateway have grown over time and became very complex. As an illustration, the weight of …”

F. Rabe ShyTech Displays – Enabling a new era of puristic vehicle design and enhanced user experience S. 381-388

„… passenger’s needs will typically change with the traffic situation, the individual type of journey, time of …” „… time, enabling information on demand. There is no “one size fits all” when it comes to information …” „… exciting user experience, they can benefit from being ‘shy’ at times: Hiding control surfaces made of …”

U. Bodenhausen Make AI Testing Meaningful – From Understanding to Mastering of AI Testing S. 151-162

„… base and test-time data augmentation. The principles should be spread in the automotive industry …” „… real-world application of the system. Deep AI Testing To bridge the gap in the short term, we propose a …” „… improvement as well as testing throughout the project. Test-Time Data Augmentation These principles and …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… charging time. Based on a customer analysis, this paper analyses different vehicle configurations for a …” „… battery capacity was increased more than four times higher. The same technical trend could be seen on …” „… points to realize reduced charging times with higher charging power. Leading European provider are for …”

C. Hurasky HERE HD Live Map – more than a sensor for Automated Driving S. 45-46

„… systems that collect, evaluate and process real-time information from various sources and allow the …” „… must be correct in space and time. For the map to be of HD-quality, conditions such as road layout …” „… Reliability – to be correct in space and time Global coverage – products that can scale where our customers …”

M. Gresser, M. Mende, M. D. Rabe, B. Baker, A. Unger Graph-based Vehicle Diagnostics using Machine Learning S. 131-142

„… , NASA presented timed fault propagation digraphs for real-time fault diagnostics of industrial plants …” „… ] S. Padalkar, G. Karsai and J. Sztipanovits, "Graph-based real-time fault diagnostics," NASA …” „… customers and the laws regarding safety, connectivity, and sustainability. At the same time, vehicle …”

Forword S. 1-4

„… result. Not only the long-overdue push towards digitalization, for example, but also the time gained by …” „… manufacturers are currently having a hard time due to the enormous development costs of automated driving …” „… functions. But at the same time it is clear that this trend must be taken seriously, not least on account …”

G. Castignani, F. Chandelle, S. Jafarnejad, I. Scherer Evaluation of a driver’s compatibility with electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid vehicles based on mobility patterns analytics S. 489-500

„… allows to profile and analyze vehicle status and driving behavior in near-to-real time for a large …” „… typical stop times close to chargers, among other factors. Assessing the transition potential to BEV …” „… average trip distance, the time between charging cycles, among other factors. 2. The technology used …”

K. Brand Shifting Left the development of Electric Vehicle Products, from System to Software S. 563-578

„… approximately thirty seconds of real-time. This gives a lot of scope for many iterations of parameterized …” „… development turn-around time with continuous integration flows. Specifically, within the xEV product domain …” „… iterated many times during the development process. Much like design verification, bench testing or …”

H. Zeltwanger CAN XL: The third CAN protocol generation S. 309-316

„… . For real-time control networks and mission-critical tasks high-reliable network technologies are …” „… be used to improve the real-time capability of the CAN XL communication in case of transmitting …” „… XL controllers would use 64-bit time stamps, which cannot wrap around during life time. TF higher …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… 75 L. Gonzales-Fuentes, M. Harihar, M. Cassol, Infineon Technologies, Munich Ansys Real Time Physics …” „… Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles …” „… dynamics, traveling time and CO2 emissions The CO2-Life Cycle Assessment for the Porsche Taycan …”

M. Schleicher Paving the way for the „Software Defined Vehicle“ S. 273-284

„… system, depending on needs for computing power and determinism (real-time) needs as well as bandwidth in …” „… lifetime. At the same time consumers expect at least the same level of quality and availability for …” „… Over-the-Air updates there are specific requirements according to UNECE. A real Software Defined Vehiocle …”

D. Geyer, C. Miedl Safety Architectures for Automotive Cross Domain Servers – Challenges and Potentials S. 447-458

„… real-time requirements near the sensors and actuators on the other. Signal interactions between functions …” „… quantitative proof of each concept part Signal timing and fault tolerance times (FTT) require more cascaded …” „… of the software. In general, the CDS is a suitable methode for partial virtualization of real ECUs …”

A. Hohm, B. Hartmann, S. Khodaverdian, D. Bosch, B. Lattke, P. Keck The Evolution of Automation in Parking – Assisted, Automated, Autonomous S. 61-74

„… annoying and time-consuming task. This can be strongly supported by some impressive dimensions [1 …” „… ]: Searching for parking spaces costs Americans 73bn $/year, time for searching a parking space in New York …” „… : 107 hours per year and driver Searching for parking spaces costs Germans 40bn $/year, time for …”

S. Kraus Automotive Software Development – Is it Different? S. 187-196

„… innovations in the field of propulsion, but their importance has diminished over time. Very quickly …” „… – became a major driver of innovation. Motorized coaches became real automobiles. A third stage was the …” „… innovation over time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 187 embedded system. This kind of software is modular …”

C. Heer, J. C. Gobel, D. Mollahassani, S. Forte Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes S. 295-308

„… to reduce the time-tomarket in smart mobility engineering innovative processes, methods and IT tools …” „… device driven by a human. At the same time, a transformation of mobility takes place, which will go hand …” „… very long time till the start of production (SOP). Different development approaches or methods within …”

Z. Hermon Active Acoustics Innovations Supported by Tuning & Prediction Tools S. 331-338

„… prediction through simulation, real-time vehicle data indications, and system components validation …” „… and manufactured anti-noise reach occupants' eardrums at precisely the same time and cancel each …” „… private call, at the same time other occupants listen to public radio, or a parent who needs to hear …”

E. Metzker, M. Engelsberger Scalable Automotive Intrusion Detection Systems – From the ECU to the Vehicle Operation Centre S. 613-622

„… 's archive databases, real-time dashboards, or third-party analysis tools like the previously mentioned SIEM …” „… security events and sensors which are specific to their products while at the same time they can use the …” „… System (ADAS) or even data from traffic lights in close proximity to the vehicle at the time when the …”

J. P. Mercier, O. Ploix Modular, standardized, and innovative Power Electronics for Automotive S. 533-544

„… CO2 and real world pollutant emissions in order to realize a sustainable society. A deep …” „… cost while at the same time an important technological evolution is presented with the generalization …” „… side cooling – base plate compatible with TIM, soldering and sintering processes 750 / 1200 V …”

C. Cremers, P. Hubertus, R. Laszlo, M. Pfeifle, O. Muratov Augmented Reality Guidance based on 6D Positioning and HD Lanes S. 367-380

„… requires detection in real-time of some of the HD map localization objects. Specifically, the localization …” „… the same time - maintain passenger comfort levels. An electronic horizon powered by HD map data also …” „… estimate movement of a vehicle in a short time window, with very high accuracy and low latency. However …”

W. Huhn Adaptive Driving Beam [1] – The next mandatory Safety System? S. 389-394

„… Driving Beam Report, March 30th, 2021 [2] Hamm, M.; Matrix Beam and ADB in Real Traffic, DVN Workshop …” „… “How to save Lives in Night-Time Driving?” Novi, USA; September 21st, 2021 …”

F. von Bulow, F. Heinrich, T. Meisen A new perspective for manufacturers: Cloud-based utilization of operational fleet data S. 117-130

„… for manufacturers enabling the integration of real-world fleet usage data into the manufacturer’s …” „… exist in vehicles for a long time, but it is only today, with the evolution of centralized …” „… , nor owned or operated by the same person or institution. Also, the size of a fleet can vary over time …”

F. A. Schiegg, I. Llatser, H. Tchouankem, T. Frye, F. Wildschutte, F. Hofmann Removing Blind Spots – Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception S. 29-44

„… . Introduction Mobility is one of the essential drivers of modern times. A world without vehicles is …” „… objects (motorized vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists) in the observed traffic space in terms of time …” „… perception. To investigate the described scenario in the real world, a demonstrator vehicle (left part of …”

F. Rundo Perceptive Advanced Car-driver Drowsiness Monitoring Neuro-Embedded System S. 317-330

„… times of cardiac contraction between consecutive beats), could be used as second level monitor of the …” „… (Pulse Rate Variability) indicator, detected starting from the PPG time-series. Another different …” „… allows to filter the components that are not useful for our target. Furthermore, considering the real …”

O. Kath Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated S. 205-214

„… . We shall support agile system architecture development & design, including real-time cross-function …”

M. Kruppa Digital Light for Digital Live S. 339-350

„… of segments the real revolution is accomplished by combining the multi-segmentation with the …” „… mirrors to be tilted at a rate of up to 5,000 times per second. Depending on the setting, the light is …”

M. Wachs, J. Jager, A. Berthold The Crossroads of Automotive Security and GDPR S. 623-640

„… industry and lacks processes tailored towards the automotive domain. With this paper, we analyse real …” „… information about the vehicle, its state and usage such as current position, time and date of use …” „… consider it as a key challenge when following new business models as we saw in the real-world incidents we …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023846

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

W. Maaß, I. Shcherbatyi, S. Marquardt, A. Kritzner, B. Moser Real-time Smart Farming Services – Yield optimization of potato harvesting S. 67-72

„… Real-time Smart Farming Services Yield optimization of potato harvesting Prof. Wolfgang Maaß, …” „… for making decisions in real-time is currently a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce a …” „… providing services to various stakeholders. Special emphasis is given to real-time decision-making. The …”

J. Schroeter, W. Angermair, S. Pauli Real-time View and Documentation of Manufacturer Independent Machine Data S. 149-156

„… Real-time View and Documentation of Manufacturer Independent Machine Data Julian Schroeter …” „… present agricultural data streams in a genuine real-time view. Material and Methods: The paper …” „… challenges of our time [1]. In addition, farmers are constantly facing new demands in the form of additions …”

J. Wieckhorst, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications S. 431-438

„… A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications …” „… all sensors necessary to generate real time tire soil mappings at one of the rear wheels of the …” „… Fig. 5: Real time tire soil mappings for different tire inflation pressures whilst stubble …”

A. Sharda, R. Strasser, M. Rothmund Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify System Response and Accuracy S. 345-354

„… changes. Real-time field data was used to develop simulation test files with target disc loading …” „… included a main data display screen to observe real-time critical parameters during test stand operation …” „… . Real-time values displayed were total stand load, disc load, gage wheel load, press wheel load setting …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… using topographic road profiles, modeled trailers and implements in a real time environment. The …” „… real-time investigation of various vehicle performance specifications. The main advantage is the reduction …” „… with each dyno module. The simulation platform uses a detailed real-time multibody model for wheels …”

C. A. Shearer, J. D. Luck, J. T. Evans Development of a Sprayer Performance Diagnostic Tool for Better Management Practices of In-Field Spraying Operations S. 575-582

„… Coverage Tool (PACT) based in MATLAB. The PACT program was developed to process real-time sprayer …” „… collection service offered by Farmobile (Farmobile, Inc.; Overland Park, KS), where real-time sprayer …” „… real time kinematic (RTK) corrected values. Program Functionality A real-time sprayer performance …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… by the real-time computer on which the simulation models run. The test bench machines and the …” „… real-time computer. Hence, the same unit can be tested as if mounted on different machines only by changing …” „… the machine model on the real-time computer (Fig. 3).[8] Fig. 4: MOBiL test bench architecture …”

A. Johannes, M. Seitz Automatic plant disease diagnosis using mobile capture devices S. 39-60

„… color and textural descriptors allow for real time performance, since only suspicious regions are …” „… color constancy on the image by means of the developed algorithm succeeding on real time conditions and …” „… descriptors allow real time performance as only the suspicious regions are trained and described by the higher …”

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… in the real use of the tractor, it is essential to simulate typical application cases with …” „… . Since those measures may influence the tractor speed, it is necessary to transfer the time-based model …” „… . As input data for the model, measurement data of real machines is used, so that realistic load …”

N. Schlingmann, H. Schallermayer, J. Witte, C. Gossard Challenges of digital revolution – How the AEF plans to manage interoperability S. 477-484

„… communications between devices directly wireless to a server or a cloud system in real time is necessary and has …” „… - Implement-Mananagement with tough real time requirements and more data oriented aspects like sharing of process data or …” „… high demands on safety, security and real-time behaviour. There are some concepts how to use IP based …”

J. Redenius, M. Dingwerth, A. Ruckelshausen, J. Hertzberg, T. Krause, B. Kettelhoit A multilevel simulation framework for highly automated harvest processes enabled by environmental sensor systems S. 157-164

„… output were implemented in the sense of scalability (fig. 3). For real-time capability there is no …” „… environmental sensor simulation for reducing the number of time- and cost-intensive vehicle tests [2]. However …” „… physics simulation of laser pulses, beam deflection or time-of-flight but a phenomenological behavior …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… for fungicide applications 61 M. Tempel W. Maaß, Real-time Smart Farming Services – Yield …” „… Page Data Management and Simulation Concepts J. Schroeter, Real-time View and Documentation of …” „… tractors 423 V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs J. Wieckhorst, A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… loading processes, reference loading cycles have been established based on field measurements of real …” „… % of the time forwarders are driving [4]. Regarding to this, loading processes are an important …” „… the evaluation of loading cycles, measurements in the forest under real conditions in a CTL thinning …”

C. Körtgen, G. Morandi, G. Jacobs, A. Kramer Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units S. 291-296

„… maneuvers are controlled by real-time hardware. Here, the desired maneuvers are automatically performed and …” „… a tractor simulation model and the second option is the testing of the real tractor on a test bench …” „… characteristic value is the time required to reach a desired velocity. In the last step, improved transmission …”

T. Oksanen Extending ISO 11783 for four wheel steering and implement steering S. 461-468

„… compatible with the latest communication patterns that make the real time communication safer, in terms of …” „… algorithms are able to control multiple steering actuators at the same time, like front wheel steering of …” „… Joint Point (VJP), which appears in some cases in conjunction with real joint. All four examples follow …”

T. Herlitzius, R. Hübner, A. Günther, C. Korn, S. Kirstein, S. Müller, J. Miunske Sensor study to identify process characteristics of crop and air flow in a combine harvester S. 583-590

„… algorithms with real process measurements. Introduction and state of the art Productivity enhancement and …” „… harvesters which, for the first time, optically captures the grain separation and at the same time, realizes …” „… , build and tested in a real combine cleaning device under laboratory conditions. Eventually the last …”

F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… monitoring lead to better material usage and result in higher up-time rates. At the same time condition …” „… varying loads over time into one overall damage factor, the application of a damage accumulation …” „… updated “Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft” (KTBL) working time classification …”

C. Birkmann, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors S. 439-446

„… 2 nEngine Time Preparation Torque Transfer Synchronisation Finalization 1200 TClutch 1, theoretical …” „… , the clutch will start to slip after a certain time. If the differential speed between primary and …” „… ). As a consequence the slippage torque of the clutch remains on a higher level. Time C lu tc h D …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand M.Sc., Dipl.-Ing. J …” „… recent years. But there is only little knowledge about the emission behaviour under real-life operating …” „… this, comprehensive knowledge is necessary about real emission behaviour of mobile machinery. By using …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… connector has a power sockets for the three-phase e-drive and a signal interface for real-time high-speed …” „… total lifetime of an 8-furrow plough with medium heavy soil, this results in a time saving of around 25 …” „… before 6 Furrows after 8 Furrows increased area performance 33,3 % increased time saving 25,0 …”

T. H. Langer Model-in-the-Loop Tuning of Hitch Control Systems of Agricultural Tractors S. 191-198

„… obtain within a short time period. In other words, identification and tuning of the parameters can be …” „… challenging in terms of time, conditions and repeatability resulting in semi-optimum set of parameters. In …” „… tuned and improved any time a year without available fields. With the possibility to conduct repeatable …”

K. Lüpping New Techniques for Mobile Pelletisation S. 375-382

„… when pelletising. Real cost benefits are offered to the end customer thanks to the automatic usage …” „… [1]. At that time, pellets were produced by means of two rollers. One roller pushed the material …” „… bale must be considered individually. Although several bales can be transported at the same time each …”

P. Riegler-, J. Karner, J. Huber, G. Moitzi, H. Wagentristl, M. Hofinger, H. Prankl A system for online control of a rotary harrow using soil Nurscher, roughness detection based on stereo vision S. 559-566

„… real-time automatic control of the rotary harrow machine parameters is based on the soil roughness indices …” „… extrinsic parameters. However, during the tests over a time period of two years we did not observe such …” „… maximal framerate of the camera is 60 fps, but due to the high computation time the actual sampling rate …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… additional signals to determine machine weight each time. The sensors are integrated into kinematics of …” „… tractor operation. 1. Motivation The new approach is to measure the real tire loads under dynamic …” „… : Functionality of a magnetostrictive bending sensor 4. Sensing Unit To get the real front axle load, masses …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… tractors in 80’s in South America [3] Biodiesel has been under development for a long time. Also Valtra …” „… the time project was started, dual fuel NRMM vehicles did not exist in the market. One major reason …” „… measurement system (PEMS) to track tractor emissions during real working conditions. Four different loading …”

K. Wild, T. Schmiedel, D. Geißler, J. Rottmeier A hand-held measuring device for identifying the sharpness of knives in agricultural machinery S. 497-504

„… .: Real-time acoustic monitoring of cutting blade sharpness in agricultural machinery, IEEE/ASME Transactions …” „… other hand the sharpening or grinding process or the replacement of knives are time …” „… the time of the short to identify the end of the cut through the insulation material. Due to …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of separation process in combine harvester cleaning devices S. 199-210

„… , which is not efficient. Those tests are time-consuming, expensive, hard to reproduce and rarely enable …” „… the real separation process. A distinction is made between input parameters for the simulation, which …” „… macroscopic values like separation time and purity. Both, simulation and experiment identified the particle …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… test tractor. The measurements and the simulation results show a good correlation in both time and …” „… generations. These forces have to be reproduced as exactly as possible in both time and frequency domain …” „… results to measurements on a real ISO 5008 smoother track. For this reason, a Fendt 313 Vario test …”

D. Hast, B. Rosenbaum Predict the unpredictable – Benefits and limits of machine data analytics and component health prediction S. 529-536

„… lifetime prediction, these comprehensively processed smart data sets also deliver engineering-ready real …” „… was known at every time, maintenance could be optimized in terms of cost and risk. Boosting knowledge …” „… at the same time identify wear-induced faults before they cause failure. Our approach combines …”

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions Kornél Szalay, László Kovács …” „… representativeness of the measurements, with reproducible records carried out on real agricultural fields, in …” „… performance of the tires under real working conditions, on the field. In 2011 according to this new …”

N. Butts, B. Schleusner, M. Bremer Material and Distribution Sensor (MADS) for Combine Material Flow – How to design and build a low-cost material sensor S. 591-598

„… . Hence the difference in metric versus flow rates. Material distribution can be visualized in real time …”

J. Schwehn, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Development of energy requirements of tractors and implements S. 237-244

„… our primary source of energy, has also been increasing for a considerable time. Significant changes …” „… can be graded as rare. To make statements about real life fuel consumptions of tractors, part load …” „… kNs2/m4) and real measurements [8] 0.20 0.25 0.30 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 kN/m Lines of constant …”

L. Meyer, P. Noyer Holistic Tractor Setup and Optimization System – CLAAS Electronic Machine Optimization for the Tractor S. 185-190

„… time different methodologies have been established to find the correct settings of the machine …” „… Management TIM. A challenge of this development is the necessity to add VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 187 …” „… , especially in real world conditions, were seen in unawareness of the loss of efficiency, uncertainty about …”

F. Haussmann, R. Obermeier- The CLAAS AXION 900 TERRA TRAC Product Range – Benefits of the CLAAS Axion 900 halftrack tractor concept Hartmann equipped with CLAAS Big Driver Terra Trac S. 127-134

„… thanks to a steering assistance system adjusting in real time the speed of the tracks in order to steer …”

A. Yatskul, J.-P. Lemiere Reasons of irregularity of seed’s distribution in the divider heads of air-seeders S. 337-344

„… must allow to cultivate sizeable areas efficiently and finalize the seeding in a short amount of time …” „… seeding material type and a given distribution head (table 1). Material flow rate corresponded to the real …” „… follow the air flow direction. At the same time, the air with a low velocity cannot produce a sufficient …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… hydrostat of the comparative powertrain. Because of these deficiencies, real efficiencies of hydrostats …” „… for off-road applications for long periods of time, despite their ability to deliver constant power …” „… conduction time per IGBT is tcond < 50% of a full period (tcond ≤ (T/2) - tturn-on - tturn-off) and the …”

Á. Kovács, I. J. Jóri, G. Kerényi A new discrete element model (DEM) for maize S. 211-218

„… these tests are usually limited in time and often prove to be very expensive. Numerical modelling of …” „… on the chosen parameters, the geometrical parameters of the real plant parts can be calculated based …” „… parameters of the real plant are known then the physical parameters of the DEM model can also be calculated …”

H. Vöcking, C. Heitmann, A. Wilken Automatic Adjustments of Combine Harvesters S. 99-104

„… performance of the machine at any time. Starting from automatic guidance and steering systems over situation …” „… possible throughput. This corresponds to real life. Experienced drivers also adjust the settings of the …”

G. M. Sharipov, D. S. Paraforos, H. W. Griepentrog, C. Gall Defining the dynamic performance of a no-till seeder by measuring the geo-referenced seeding depth S. 329-336

„… ) attached on the developed sensor-frame. The real-time tilting information (roll-pitch-yaw) of the seeder …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

M. Verhoeven, B. Missotten, J. Clarisse, S. Van Campenhout, S. Devos Artificial Intelligence based Grainloss Calculator and Real Time Connected APP S. 535-540

„… Artificial Intelligence based Grainloss Calculator and Real Time Connected APP M.Sc. Marcel …” „… provided to the APP by the Real Time Connected combine (combine needs to be equipped with telematics …” „… calibrate the loss sensors and/or as an input for the automation system. Fig. 5: Real Time …”

A. Paturle, F. Pinet, A. Duparque, D. Martin, V. Tomis, O. Scheurer, C. Ugarte, M. Lefebvre A tyre integrated sensor to monitor real time soil physical properties S. 327-334

„… A tyre integrated sensor to monitor real time soil physical properties Dr. A. Paturle, F. Pinet …” „… , mechanical strength and traffic-induced compaction, can be estimated and mapped, from the real-time …” „… allowing a real time and geolocalized measurement of the tyre deformation. This deformation results from …”

M. Grella, P. Marucco, F. Gioelli, P. Balsari, L. Athanasakos, N. Mylonas, S. Fountas, I. Zwertvaegher, D. Nuyttens, A. Caffini, F. Meroni, R. Rossi Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to canopy density during pesticide application in 3D crops S. 389-396

„… Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to …” „… solutions are not able to vary continuously and in real time the airflow characteristics as is needed …” „… real time by a GPS antenna, are processed, the fan setting is obtained as output. The field trials to …”

C. Schoerghuber, M. Ortner, M. Resel, R. Schantl, S. Puster Analysis of the tractor behavior on a powertrain test bed for tractor-specific maneuvers S. 521-528

„… bed with the tractor on real road or field. In this contribution the model-based operation of a …” „… skilled tractor calibration engineer in the real vehicle when performing defined maneuvers. Because of …” „… in overall the calibration is a complex and time-consuming task. A solution to overcome this …”

A. Hecker, B. Striller, N. Franchi Private mobile ad hoc communications and the application in LANDNETZ S. 251-258

„… broadband and real-time networking are key drivers for the digitalization in agriculture [1], [2]. Private …” „… networks, followed by the description of the continuous process flow for a UAV-based real-time nitrogen …” „… agriculture (especially in real time) requires full coverage and reliable communication links. Unfortunately …”

N. Strieker, T. Kohmascher Increased Dynamics and System Efficiency with Position-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder S. 125-132

„… tension spring and counter-acts the force of the proportional magnet in real time. This control concept …” „… counter-acts the force of the proportional solenoid in real-time. This principle is well known from the …” „… 127 Fig. 4: Characteristics of deflector angle vs. time On the one hand, the deflectors need to …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms have been widely used for real-time collision avoidance, however …” „… aviation plug ports for interfacing with other devices via serial and CANBUS for real-time monitoring of …” „… driving the robot in a real berry field and collecting sensor and steering data. Results from experiments …”

M. Mattetti, M. Varani, G. Molari, S. Fiorati Feasibility study of an idling-stop device on agricultural tractors S. 529-534

„… may idle from 10 to 43% of their service time and this inoperative time must be minimized since it is …” „… shutdown. The minimum idling time that permits energy savings is about 4 seconds. Introduction Over …” „… idle from 10% up 43% of their service time [3]. Idling can be classified as necessary and unnecessary …”

S. Brodie, T. Oksanen Virtual CAN Network for Remote Development of ISOBUS Devices S. 485-494

„… hardware. Within the university network, round trip times of under 50 ms were recorded between bus …” „… traffic from the client software to PC applications, but also to a real CAN bus interface. A requirement …” „… features of ISO 11783 in a way that would one day work with real hardware in a plug-and-play manner. For …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… , redesigned mechanical components and control electronics: working at the same time on all these tree …” „… phases real VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 147 objects are realized in order to complete the Components …” „… . The vehicle mission is now properly defined and the real electric process can start based on the …”

M. Rothmund, J. Witte, N. Wolniak, T. Nothdurft AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Common Coverage Map as a first application for interoperable cooperative field work S. 397-404

„… machines from different brands to exchange coverage data directly, continuously, and in real time. This …” „… real time when the machines were working in parallel. A big update of one machine missing 30 minutes …” „… implements work in the same operation (e.g. seeding) on the same field at the same time (working group …”

T. Anken, A. Latsch, M. Hatt Spot spraying broad-leaved dock plants in meadows S. 279-284

„… detect the plants in real time. This makes it possible to selectively treat only the target plants. With …” „… cameras per unit take images of the vegetation, which are analysed in real time by an on-board computer …” „… circled areas. The real pixel size in mm2 was determined by photographing and converting scales placed in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to canopy …” „… Calculator and Real Time Connected APP � � � � � � � � � � 535 M. Verhoeven, B. Missotten, J …” „… , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg N-Time: An Automated Decision Support System for Sensor-Based …”

A. Grever, M. Muter, B. Johanning A generic approach to bridge the gap between route optimization and motion planning for specific guidance points of highly automated machines S. 71-78

„… objective function during route optimization regarding optimization criteria such as the working time or …” „… minimization of unproductive working time, energy consumption or soil compaction, whereby application-specific …” „… real-world applications. Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the goal of hybridization to reduce avoidable …”

I. Stasewitsch, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, K. Kruger, J. Schobel, M. Lehr, T. Neugebauer Localization with a ground penetrating radar in harsh agricultural environments S. 153-162

„… in real time, so C++ and parallelization must be used. The measurement rate of the radar must be …” „… ) Sketch of the setup (b) Real test setup For development of the localization system a test vehicle is …” „… time domain by an inverse Fourier transformation with a Chebyshev window function. Zero padding is …”

S. Lorenz Machine operation task analysis – A deeper look into the shift of task profiles within operating agricultural cyber-physical production systems S. 473-484

„… has to fill the gap between the systems capabilities and dynamic requirements of real fieldbased …” „… mapping of autonomy shares also highlights the assumption that a real-world shared autonomy scenario is …” „… by the system and provide information and/or control actions to ensure process up time OM3b …”

M. Holovač, J. Krzywinski Aspects of sustainability improvement in the design of future agricultural systems S. 203-218

„… the machinery provide the optimal response to the real world conditions. Autonomous machines, in …” „… maximise yields of the field or to fulfil time critical processes at the right time. The application is …” „… additional product reliability create more loyal customers, but at the same time we are affecting the sales …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… with RTK-GNSS (Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) [5]. Using a machine-learning …” „… is often mowed only one or two times a year. The first cut is usually only in June. At the same …” „… time, toxic plants such as Colchicum autumnale and Senecio jacobaea appear more frequently. If their …”

C. Krause, N. Iqbal, J. Hertzberg, M. Hollmann, J. Martinez, D. Nieberg, A. Ruckelshausen, S. Stiene, S. Rottgermann, M. Muter, A. Berghaus, J. Herbers, S. Menke Concept of a Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Algorithms for Robust and Reliable Environment Perception S. 177-184

„… described in [8] focuses on a long period of time to catch as many environmental conditions as possible. On …” „… its position from time to time. Therefore, static objects – with exceptions – can mostly be …” „… practical orientation establishes the reference to real application scenarios on agricultural machines …”

J. Guo, L. Frerichs, F. Shen, S. Munstermann Analysis of abrasive wear of tillage tools on both macro- and microscopic level S. 309-316

„… conditions are determined according to load profiles and abrasion loss on the tillage tool in real …” „… between working conditions and load. Compared to the real field, the soil in the soil bin is homogenous …” „… diagrams (Fig. 2) are created based on the measurement data. The red points are real measured data, while …”

S. Becker, B. Kazenwadel, M. Geimer Automation and Optimization of Working Speed and Depth in Agricultural Soil Tillage with a Model Predictive Control based on Machine Learning S. 55-64

„… agricultural processes. [4] Li et al. draft force model based on ASAE D497 and measured real-time data to …” „… real speed (? ) which is derived from GNSS-measurements, and the pitch angle (? ) which is used …” „… a single formula that only leaves unknown variables: theoretical and real speed of the vehicle …”

F. de Moraes Boos, S. Pfaffmann, V. Kegel GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System S. 17-22

„… with models of the swarm participants, exported from CAD software, which are animated using real-time …” „… a significant role in this process. Limited time windows for realization of tasks, such as …” „… preparing a field in time for planting season, as well as wheel-slip, especially during tillage work …”

M. Bruck Lost, but reconnected virtually – AEF ISOBUS Plugfest is back and better than ever S. 405-412

„… need to be bridged with as little delay as possible and as close to reality (near real-time) as …” „… event. The SARS Covid 19 pandemic makes hosting these events impossible for a long period of time …” „… and speed. Even with a hypothetical transmission at the speed of light, a round-trip time (RTT) of …”

L. Petrich, V. Schmidt, A. Stoll Tractor-mounted implement with section control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario analysis for effective weed control in extensive grassland S. 285-292

„… one weed to the next might have much shorter travel distances (and thus lower energy and time costs …” „… in drone images of extensive grassland sites. In addition to real data sources, we generated and …” „… to real experimental data, we also considered simulated data, i.e., we generated and analysed …”

V. Zippel, A. Olliver, S. Stesny, H. J. Nissen, F. Ahlers AEF – Agricultural Interoperability Network S. 419-422

„… experience around interoperability in the agricultural market. Especially projects like TIM (Tractor …” „… ) already set up for projects like TIM AEF will introduce a registration process which will provide a safe …” „… this network can be VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 419 of any kind related to a real-world use case like …”

I. Beermann, A. Kipp Synchronising machine adjustments of combine harvesters for higher fleet performance S. 65-70

„… synchronised in a whole fleet near real-time by providing communication capabilities via cloud solutions …” „… walkers). This can also be easily changed at any time in the mobile app without the machine operator …” „… purchase a license for each combine. At the time of purchase the combine is then registered in the cloud …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… long periods (Table 2). This contrasts with the holding times of the insulated tanks of 5-10 days [7 …” „… off the excess BOG into the atmosphere. Because methane is about 25 times more harmful to the climate …” „… daily 10-12 hours nonstop heavy duty during harvest time completely in winter, between crop …”

M. Kissel, N. Tarasinski, A. Klein, V. Kegel, F. de Moraes Boos Fully electric Tractor with 1000 kWh battery capacity S. 23-28

„… operation time in the field. Fig. 1: Design render of the 1 MWh fully electric battery tractor …” „… results in a higher productivity while avoiding carbon dioxide emissions at the same time. The dimensions …” „… efficiency of the system and contributes to a longer operating time. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Vehicle speed in …”

T. Herlitzius, B. Striller, N. Staemmler, T. Pohl FMIS evaluation and user experience within “Landnetz” S. 501-510

„… time, these "island solutions" only enabled departments to process and manage data and information …” „… management activities, the real challenge for the agricultural companies lies in transferring the data from …” „… administrative and time-consuming burden. Table 1: Data management survey in three farms of the test field …”

J. P. Fulton, R. Colley III, S. A. Shearer, E. M. Hawkins Generating High-Definition As-Applied Maps for Pneumatic Fertilizer Application Equipment S. 265-272

„… provide real-time evaluation of applicator performance, provide useful feedback to the operator, and …” „… . The IMAQ unit was mounted 5 m downstream of the fertilizer metering point to allow ample mixing time …” „… strobing technique was implemented using a camera capable of minimal exposure time in a dark environment …”

S. Geisler, T. Herlitzius Combi-mulcher – Development of a modular biomass processing and soil blending system S. 317-326

„… cost, time and energy input of additional technical equipment and processes such as the use of …” „… a short time. For field tests, a selection of variants can be made to validate the results. The …” „… number of test configurations for validation in field trials and with it the time and effort required …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, H. P. Piepho Yield observation outlier detection with unsupervised machine learning in harvest machines S. 343-348

„… filling/emptying times. To identify measurements with such error sources, the proposed pipeline incorporates two …” „… outliers. The developed method is tested on real yield monitoring data from winter wheat and wintery …” „… , speed changes, field topography, non-fully used cutting bar, start/end delays, filling/emptying time …”

C. J. Lee, S. Schatzle, S. A. Lang Evaluation of perception sensors for safety of highly automated machine operations S. 163-170

„… ] Christiansen, P.: Vision-based Real-time Detection for Autonomous Vehicles in Agriculture. Aarhus Diss …” „… Vehicles, a minimum perception range of 8 m is necessary [2, 6]. The perception-reaction time (refresh …” „… of at least 8 m) - Required perception-reaction time: 100 ms (10 Hz) - Functional elements …”

S. Schwede, T. Herlitzius Identification of draft force characteristics for a tillage tine with variable geometry S. 37-44

„… . In this research project, it is to be determined if real-time adjustment of the tool geometry can be …” „… carried out in three times. Material und method of field tests For the field tests, a support frame …”

A. Schroder, P. Pickel, P. Emberger, J. Spiegel, E. Remmele The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible Fuel Option to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 441-446

„… under real conditions. Exemplary results of the VLO- M1 sensor from the field tests are shown in …” „… for rapeseed oil fuel. This means that there will be a time lack after engine start before they work …”

L. Frerichs, L. Buck Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods S. 1-10

„… demonstrated several times, including in various stages of development by DOWLER between 1978 and 1988 [5]. An …” „… agricultural technology" (EKoTech). Among other key figures, energy demand, times and costs of the entire …” „… analyzed with the simulation tool, taking real year effects into account. The process chain is composed of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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