Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities.
A Guidebook on Successful Urban Energy Planning.
Zusammenfassung
What are the barriers that prevent us from achieving our long-term energy goals in cities or, more generally, in our built environment? What can be learned from successful Case Studies in neighborhoods, districts or cities? Is there any economically viable way to apply these advancements to whole cities?
This Annex 51 wants to provide such answers, based on the evaluation of over 20 Case Studies carried out within the 11 participating countries and elaborated in the form of this guidebook on successful local energy planning. In eight chapters and several detailed attachments a manual to derive municipal energy master plans for towns or cities on one hand, and local neighborhood energy plans on the other is presented, which serves as a guideline for municipal decision makers, real estate developers and urban planners as well.
Abstract
What are the barriers that prevent us from achieving our long-term energy goals in cities or, more generally, in our built environment? What can be learned from successful Case Studies in neighborhoods, districts or cities? Is there any economically viable way to apply these advancements to whole cities?
This Annex 51 wants to provide such answers, based on the evaluation of over 20 Case Studies carried out within the 11 participating countries and elaborated in the form of this guidebook on successful local energy planning. In eight chapters and several detailed attachments a manual to derive municipal energy master plans for towns or cities on one hand, and local neighborhood energy plans on the other is presented, which serves as a guideline for municipal decision makers, real estate developers and urban planners as well.
Schlagworte
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 1–14
- 15–23 1 Introduction 15–23
- 1.1 Climate science and policy background
- 1.2 Implications for communities
- 1.3 Systems approach
- 1.4 International co-operation and Annex 51 approach
- 1.5 Guidebook approach
- 1.6 A few words on terminology
- 24–50 2 Local Energy & Climate Change Policy 24–50
- 2.1 Local energy planning as a key factor in climate protection policy
- 2.2 Legal and policy frameworks
- 2.3 Financial frameworks
- 2.3.1 Funds
- 2.3.2 Grants
- 2.3.3 Feed-in tariffs
- 2.3.4 Subsidies
- 2.3.5 Tax schemes
- 2.3.6 Additional options
- 2.4 Voluntary agreements and networks
- 2.5 General conclusions on legal and financial frameworks
- 51–105 3 LocalE nergy Planning Methods: From Demandto Future-proof Solutions 51–105
- 3.1 The transition process
- 3.1.1 Leadership models
- 3.2 The local energy planning transition process
- 3.3 Step 1 Create an energy and emissions inventory or balance
- 3.3.1 A few words on data
- 3.3.1 A few words on data
- 3.3.2 A few words on inventories
- 3.3.3 Data sources to profile energy demand
- 3.3.4 Other types of data sets to contextualize energy demand and supply
- 3.3.5 Data sources to profile conventional energy supply
- 3.3.6 Data sources to profile renewable energy supply
- 3.4 Step 2 Engage stakeholders, create a vision and set targets
- 3.4.1 Stakeholder analysis
- 3.4.2 The transition arena
- 3.4.3 The energy working group
- 3.4.4 Create a vision
- 3.4.5 Set targets
- 3.5 Step 3 Assess opportunities and develop scenarios
- 3.5.1 Assess opportunities
- 3.5.2 Supporting indicators
- 3.5.3 Scenarios
- 3.5.4 Backcasting and forecasting
- 3.5.5 Roadmaps
- 3.5.6 Charrette
- 3.6 Step 4 Create municipal energy master plans and neighbourhood energy plans
- 3.6.1 Municipal energy master plan
- 3.6.2 Neighbourhood energy plans
- 3.7 Step 5 Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback
- 3.7.1 Process design instruments
- 3.7.2 Integrated management strategies
- 3.7.3 Process management co-ordinator
- 3.7.4 Responsibilities of municipal departments
- 3.7.5 Co-ordinating the energy working group
- 3.7.6 Monitoring
- 3.7.7 Evaluation and feedback
- 3.8 Technical improvement options, economic feasibility
- 3.8.1 Technology and policy approaches available to governments
- 3.8.2 Technologies available to the developer / contractor
- 3.8.3 Technologies available to the occupant
- 106–129 4 Community Energyand Emissions Inventoryand Modelling Tools to Support Local Energy Planning (LEP) 106–129
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 The scope of LEP and the need for inventories and models
- 4.3 Energy and GHG emissions inventories
- 4.3.1 Selected examples of inventories and balancing tools in practical application
- 4.4 Energy modelling approaches
- 4.5 Examples of models in development and practical application
- 4.6 User needs
- 4.7 Selecting a modelling approach
- 4.8 Communicating the modelling concept
- 4.9 Perspectives on future directions
- Web-Sources for Information on Municipal Energy Inventory Tools
- 130–152 5 The District Energy Concept Adviser (D-ECA): Software from IEA EBC Annex 51 to Support District Energy System Planning 130–152
- 5.1 The tool in brief
- 5.2 Background and aim
- 5.3 Tool sections
- 5.4 How to use the main sections
- 5.4.1 Performance rating
- 5.4.2 Case studies of energy efficient districts
- 5.4.3 Energy efficient strategies and technologies
- 5.4.4 Energy assessment of districts
- 5.5 User guide
- 5.6 Test calculations to assess the accuracy of the calculation tool
- 5.6.1 Evaluation results of the exemplary district Stuttgart-Burgholzhof
- 5.7 Download source
- 153–188 6 Energy Efficient Neighbourhood Case Studies 153–188
- 6.1 Neighbourhood case studies
- 6.2 Successful neighbourhood developments
- 6.2.1 Energy efficiency is profitable
- 6.2.2 The decision making process
- 6.2.3 Planning urban development projects
- 6.2.4 Implementation
- 6.2.5 Barriers
- 6.3 Lowering energy demand efficiently
- 6.3.1 Single buildings or whole neighbourhoods?
- 6.3.2 Increased comfort paid for through energy efficiency
- 6.3.3 Monitoring and evaluation
- 6.4 Lessons learned from neighbourhood case studies
- 6.4.1 Why districts or neighbourhoods?
- 6.4.2 An integrated planning approach
- 6.4.3 Organization
- 6.4.4 Quality agreement and control
- 6.4.5 Policy instruments
- 6.4.6 Planning for lowest cost
- 6.4.7 Planning tools
- 6.4.8 Information and education
- 6.4.9 Involving residents
- 6.4.10 Energy efficiency
- 6.4.11 Technological achievements and solutions
- 6.4.12 Monitoring
- APPENDIX to Chapter 6
- 189–223 7 Energy Efficient City Case Studies 189–223
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Case studies
- 7.3 Vision and targets
- 7.3.1 Realistic vision and targets
- 7.3.2 Linking short-term actions with long-term targets
- 7.4 Process and organization
- 7.4.1 Continuous process
- 7.4.2 Integrated approach
- 7.5 Support and involvement
- 7.5.1 Creating support
- 7.5.2 Involving the right people at the right time
- 7.5.3 Involving the public
- 7.5.4 Involving the real estate industry
- 7.6 Knowledge and risk management
- 7.6.1 Sharing knowledge
- 7.7 Co-benefits
- 7.7.1 Economic benefits
- 7.7.2 Social benefits
- 7.7.3 Environmental benefits
- APPENDIX to Chapter 7
- 224–237 8 Summary and Conclusions 224–237
- 8.1 Key results and implications
- 8.1.1 Neighborhood energy planning
- 8.1.2 Municipal energy planning
- 8.1.3 Computer-based planning tools
- 8.1.4 Legislative frameworks
- 8.2 Municipal energy transition process
- 8.3 Eight guidelines for local energy planning success
- 8.4 Concluding remarks
- 8.5 Where should we go from here?
- 238–242 List of References 238–242
- 243–302 Attachments 243–302
- Attachment A. Primary Energy and GHG Performance of Energy Systems
- Attachment B. Green Building Rating Systems
- Attachment C. Low-Energy, Passive House and Net-Zero Energy Buildings
- Attachment D. Energy Generation from Renewable Sources
- Attachment E. Economics of Energy Retrofitting and Energy Performance Contracting
- Attachment F. Energy Benchmarking of Neighbourhoods
- Attachment G. Energy Performance of Typical Cogeneration Systems
- Attachment H. Municipal Energy and Emissions Inventories
- Attachment I. Municipal Energy Improvement Opportunities
- Attachment J. Planning Methods in Neighborhood or District Energy Planning
- J.1 Thermal Energy Demand Data for Neighbourhood Planning
- J.2 Thermal Energy Distribution
- J.3 Neighborhood Archetypes Approach
