„… simultaneously counter-rotating the simulation dome, the driver remains in the same orientation while the wheels …” „… Driver-in-the-Loop receives the vestibular and haptic stimuli via the interfaces from the underlying …” „… parallel and hexapod kinematics do not provide enough motion space for many test scenarios. A wheel based …”

„… customers. The road simulation platform is equipped with a four-wheel independent drive controlled …” „… other load simulations. It can simulate the load for front-wheel, rear-wheel and four-wheel drive …” „… driver assistance system related to safety, the number of scenarios and test cases is already …”

„… activated. The driver airbag is located in the steering wheel and covered by a driver airbag cover which …” „… automation (level 3 & 4) will not necessarily need a human driver but a steering wheel still need to be …” „… optimized for standardized seating positions of drivers and passengers who are sitting in the direction of …”

„… direction to the human driver at the steering wheel.3536 3 Deriving Requirements on Subsystem LevelHere, the …” „… interest.To eliminate any human influence, the driver keeps his hands off the steering wheel duringthe …” „… driver.Eq. (3.6) can alternatively be expressed in the impedance form:Z(jω)4= jω(Fwhl(ω)amax(ω))∣∣∣∣∣Fstw=0 …”

„… theservo-assist drive-line.A.5 User Interface to Operate the Virtual Roller Test-Rig 2110 10 20 30 40 501001010 10 …” „… represented by a single-degree-of-freedom spring-damper-mass, as illustrated by Fig. A.1. Exposed to input …” „… : Single-degree-of-freedom spring-damper-mass system in four-pole notation.205206 A Appendix 1The mobility transfer function …”

„… drive-line behaves actively, controlled proportionally to theoccurring steering-wheel torque (which is a …” „… drive-line. Theother active concept, based on the steering-wheel torque, has the same output as the …” „… . e.,steering-wheel angle, which must remain under exclusive control of the driver. Particularlyat electric power …”

„… maneuversor ride comfort. For such purposes, all major components of drive-train and chassis of thevehicle are …” „… complete drive train including rear-axle drive and driveshafts. Owing to the numerous bodies of these …” „… othermodules such as the steering gear, rear axle, drive-train or vehicle body are not included. Incontrast to …”

„… vehicle drive-train in his master thesis in comparison to themore universal FBS methods, the latter having …” „… system consisting of front-axle and steering subsystems (wheels are hidden) [84].At the complete vehicle …” „… contact patch on the road surface and ends up at the steering wheel.During stationary driving the vehicle …”

„… FunctionInput Shaft St. Wheel…Stiffness Servo DriveFrictionInertia Steering Wheel…Stiffness BearingInstall …” „… to those originating from the original model.Note that not a single meta model gives all outputs of a …” „… the subsystemfrequency response from steering rack to steering wheel depends on basic design …”

„… available for test drives.Bibliographische Information der Deutschen BibliothekDie Deutsche Bibliothek …” „… ispredictable much earlier than vehicle prototypes are available for test drives.In a first stage, the vehicle …” „… Target-Driven Process of Basic Vehicle Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.1 Virtual Development …”

„… measurements the steering wheel is left free to avoid any influence of the driver’s hands [85].6.2.3 Predicting …” „… the respective wheel forceby solving Eq. (6.19) iteratively for every single frequency in order to …” „… 6 Resulting Subsystem RequirementsNormalizedMagnitude[-]Predicted Vehicle Steering Wheel …”

„… Re440 NAFTA or EU version. Re440L is used as single drive axle for eM2  Re440 LS: Light version with …” „… . The target was to develop a compact, powerful and efficient drive, carrying over as many existing …” „… carrier represents the compact electric drive unit, including 2 eMachines, an automated 2-speed gearbox …”

„… lost to all the components of the drivetrain engaged along the way to the wheels, from the drive shaft …” „… Drivetrain architectures and vehicle integration: The evolution and advantages of in-wheel …” „… centralized electric motor, drivetrain architecture innovation has continued to move closer to the wheels. The …”

„… , these are in particular the shafts in the gearbox, the drive shafts from the differential to the wheel …” „… driveline must be shifted load-free. For this purpose, the torque request of the driver must be ignored and …” „… driveline model. The applied torque under full load causes torsion of the drive shafts and thus a storage of …”

„… & inverter Motor type Drive Motor Generator Max 25kW 48V Inverter type Integrated inverter Winding type 2x3 …” „… benefits based on similar VECTO results using one single simulation tool. The second step of this study is …” „… , including battery and e-drive 3 in 1, the TCO gain needs to be calculated. The calculation is based on the …”

„… : electric axle, all-wheel drive possible Fig. 3: Overview of parallel hybrid configurations With respect …” „… cost-attractive by using a single-stage turbocharger without a significant increase of swept volume. Despite …” „…  Hydrogen-powered engines will count as zero-emission-vehicles (ZEV)  The Tank-to-Wheel approach (TTW), as it is …”

„… project of Concept ELV2 (funded by BMWi), a novel electrically driven axle (e-axle) is developed together …” „… efficiency. The analysis also includes a preliminary comparison of single versus dual motor concepts and …” „… from significantly lower noise emissions of electric drives as the propulsion noise of conventional …”

„… mounted at the rear of the vehicle and connected to the wheels by a chain drive, Fig. 1. [1] Fig. 1: The …” „… a three-wheeled vehicle that was powered by a single-cylinder gasoline engine. The engine was …” „… the wheels, Fig. 2. [2] Fig. 2: The first truck and its powertrain [2] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2421, 2023 15 …”

„… the direction of long ratios. The aim is to generate further efficiency advantages for the drive train …” „… by reducing the engine speed. Compared to the existing axle drives in the group, the new design not …” „… every customer application. The new axle drive generation should be lighter and more efficient as the …”

„… Situation Observation «FA» Traffic Sitution (Driver) Coaching «FA» DriverSituation Observation Fig. 11: In …” „… applications. In addition, the environmental impact drives the need to reduce fossil fuel usage by introducing …” „… energy/power balancing, assist a driver to manually operate vehicles effectively in combination with various …”

„… driver-focused. The instrument panel has a clean, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019 75 minimalist and ultra-modern …” „… 1948: Openness, purism, clear architecture, driver orientation and suitability for everyday use. The …” „… all-electric drive concept allows a completely new interpretation of these principles: The Taycan …”

„… negatively impact the ability of the system to react in real-time to ensure vehicle and driver safety …” „… driver took over in case of a fault, it is now necessary to build solutions based on fail-operational …” „… variants, spanning from basic models to luxury cars, potentially requiring them to ‘re-invent the wheel …”

„… steering wheel, lowers the driver’s stress level and adds as optical feature to increased traffic safety …” „… applications are the full adaptive headlamp, visualize specific areas of safety or interest for the driver …” „… on a super-integration of one single silicon application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) supplying …”

„… , which is due to underlying calculation assumptions like “wheels are not spinning”. For this reason, even …” „… , or wheel speeds. To this end, it has five algorithms. The first one uses only the GPS. The second …” „… one uses only information from the camera. The third one uses the speed of all four wheels. The …”

„… can be triggered by crash detection and airbag deployment, despite the driver being unable to act …” „… capabilities of the access wireless system to communicate with the wheel units. For these functions …” „… improved in various ways. First, the existing single band (L1) reception can be changed to multiband (L1 …”

„… Wheel slip control in electric vehicles Combining the advantages of electric drives and friction …” „… to improve the performance and efficiency of the wheel slip control. For example, the traction drive …” „… wheel slip on the driven axle, which can be caused by the traction drive as well as the service and …”

„… of Korea Abstract In recent years, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are increasingly …” „… significant interest in the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for commercial vehicles …” „… T-MUT vehicle is simplified and represented as a single point, with its motion described as a rotation …”

„… reference spring system. Single wheel suspension, i.e. driving over obstacles individually or differently …” „… suspension system can be the "better" suspension system for trucks, buses and trailers. The main driver of a …” „… developed and launched on the market as electric vehicles. In most of these vehicles, the classic drive …”

„… Well-to-Tank- und Well-to-Wheel-CO2-Fußabdruck des HPDI-H2-ICE ist unter Berücksichtigung des heutigen und …” „… proposed by the European Commission. The Well-to-Tank and Well-to-Wheel CO2 footprint of the HPDI H2-ICE is …” „… and efficiency.Drivers for Hydrogen In the future energy system with electricity as the "backbone …”

„… charging corridors, it will be economical for freight operators to switch to electric zero-emission drive …” „… and are highly attractive to potential users, operators and governments, so as to drive market uptake …” „… hub-to-hub highway shuttle operations, the mandated driver rest times are likely to lose their relevance …”