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Model-based and Experimental Analysis of Transient Electrodialysis Processes / Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
Model-based and Experimental Analysis of Transient Electrodialysis Processes / Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contents
Chapter
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I–3
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
I–3
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4–16
1 Introduction
4–16
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1.1 Fundamentals of electrodialysis processes
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1.1.1 Ion exchange membranes
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1.1.2 Spacer-filled flow channels
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1.1.3 Secondary transport effects
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1.2 Ionic mass transport and process performance
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1.2.1 Module and spacer design
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1.2.2 Transient electrodialysis processes
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1.3 Modeling ionic mass transport and electrodialysis processes
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1.3.1 Investigation of spacers by CFD methods
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1.3.2 Modeling of ion exchange membranes
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1.3.3 Electrodialysis process modeling
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1.3.4 Modeling ionic mass-transport in a homogenous phase
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1.4 Conclusions and scope of this work
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17–41
2 Experimental analysis of electrodialysis process dynamics
17–41
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2.1 Experimental set-up and methods
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2.1.1 Experimental set-up
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2.1.2 Batch desalination experiments
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2.1.3 Current-voltage experiments
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2.1.4 Degrees of freedom, measurements and performance measures
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2.2 Scope of the experimental study
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2.3 Current-voltage behavior
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2.4 Sensitivities with respect to operational and design parameters
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2.4.1 Applied current
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2.4.2 Volumetric flow rate
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2.4.3 Comparison of different spacers
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2.4.4 Discussion
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2.5 Operation with transient applied currents
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2.6 ED with pulsed current
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2.6.1 Desalination of NaCl solution using a pulsed applied current
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2.6.2 Desalination of NaCl - Na2SO4 solution using a pulsed applied current
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2.6.3 Discussion
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2.7 Conclusions
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42–65
3 Index analysis and reduction of PDAE systems
42–65
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3.1 Introduction
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3.2 Index concepts for DAE and PDAE systems
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3.2.1 Index concepts for DAE systems
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3.2.2 Index concepts for PDAE systems
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3.2.3 Comparison of the index concepts for PDAE systems
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3.3 Index analysis and reduction for semi-explicit PDAE systems
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3.3.1 Differential index
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3.3.2 Index analysis
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3.3.3 Generalization of the index reduction algorithm
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3.3.4 Systematic procedure for the index analysis and reduction
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3.4 Index analysis and reduction in the modeling work flow
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3.4.1 Physical interpretation of the reformulated model
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3.4.2 Identification of consistent initial and boundary conditions
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3.5 Conclusions
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66–83
4 Modeling of ionic transport in electrolytes
66–83
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4.1 Modeling equations and theoretical framework
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4.1.1 Species balance equations and definition of the reference velocity
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4.1.2 Constitutive equations
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4.1.3 Momentum balance equation and hydrodynamics
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4.1.4 Complete mathematical models
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4.2 Index analysis and reduction
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4.2.1 Index with respect to time
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4.2.2 Index with respect to the spatial coordinates
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4.2.3 Reformulated low index model
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4.3 Reduced system and consistent initial and boundary conditions
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4.3.1 Reformulation into a reduced system of PDE
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4.3.2 Initial and boundary conditions
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4.4 Conclusions
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84–110
5 A dynamic process model of an electrodialysis plant
84–110
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5.1 Hierarchical model structure and model components
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5.1.1 General modeling assumptions
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5.1.2 Spacer-filled flow channels and ion exchange membranes
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5.1.3 Electrodes and plant periphery
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5.1.4 Interface models and coupling of model components
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5.2 Problem specification and implementation
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5.2.1 Degrees of freedom and model parameters
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5.2.2 Implementation
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5.3 Model-based analysis of dynamic transport effects
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5.3.1 Dynamics in pulsed-current electrodialysis
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5.3.2 Discrimination of transport resistances
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5.3.3 Competitive transport in pulsed current experiments
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5.3.4 Discussion
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5.4 Comparison with experimental data
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5.4.1 Current-voltage experiments
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5.4.2 Batch desalination experiments
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5.5 Conclusions
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111–133
6 Spacer geometry and process performance
111–133
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6.1 Towards an integrated description of hydrodynamics and ionic mass transport
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6.2 Methods
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6.2.1 Pressure drop experiments
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6.2.2 Geometric modeling of the spacer and simulation scenario
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6.2.3 Software and implementation
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6.2.4 Semi-empirical modeling of pressure drop in spacer-filled channels
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6.2.5 Work flow for model identification
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6.2.6 Parameter estimation, identifiability analysis and design of experiments
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6.3 Simulation results and validation
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6.3.1 Velocity profiles
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6.3.2 Pressure drop profiles
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6.3.3 Comparison with experimental data
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6.4 Identification of friction-factor models for varying design parameters
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6.4.1 Non-woven spacers
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6.4.2 Woven spacer
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6.4.3 Predictive capabilities of the identified pressure drop models
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6.5 Summary and Discussion
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134–138
7 Concluding remarks
134–138
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7.1 Summary
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7.2 Outlook
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139–160
Appendices
139–160
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A Geometrical properties and reproducibility of the experiments
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A.1 Geometric properties of the lab-scale ED plant
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A.2 Repeatability and measurement error
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A.2.1 Pulsed current
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A.2.2 Mixture experiments
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A.2.3 Current-voltage experiments
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A.3 Overview current-voltage experiments
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A.4 Desalination experiments
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B Physico-chemical property models for electrolytes
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B.1 Conversion of different reference velocities
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B.2 Conversion of activity coefficients
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B.3 Multi-component density model
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B.4 Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients for aqueous electrolyte solutions
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B.4.1 MS coefficients of ion-ion pairs
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B.4.2 MS coefficients of ion-water pairs
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B.5 Model parameters
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C Results of pressure drop model identification
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C.1 Geometric parameters of the spacer geometries in the basis data set
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C.2 Parameter estimates for the final friction coefficient model for the non-woven and woven spacer
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C.3 Model candidates for the identification of a generalized pressure drop model
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161–177
Bibliography
161–177
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Model-based and Experimental Analysis of Transient Electrodialysis Processes , page I - 3
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
Autoren
Matthias Johannink
DOI
doi.org/10.51202/9783186949035-I
ISBN print: 978-3-18-394903-8
ISBN online: 978-3-18-694903-5
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